Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 25, 1872, Page 2

. 107 slaves. The Hopefield and St. ARKANSAS. Its History Under the Union.-- Debate Over Its Ad- mission, - Explorations, Politics, and Crime--- Roster of Events in the Bear State. Its Social Civilization and Ad- ‘vance---Public Biog- raphy. From Our Oun, Correspondent, ‘WASHINGTON, Oct. 18, 1872, In my first letter. upon the history of the Btate of Arkansas, I showed that, while no book had been publishe d upon the State and its ca- reer, it bad still a romantic early history. g BESUME. DeSoto was bafled within- its borders, and, after 2 residence of above two years there, died | near the mouth of the Arkansas. Moscoso, his Buccessor, wandered anew through Arkansas, and from its margin launched the fleet to descend the river to the sea. After & hundred and thirty yeare, Marquette repeated DeSoto's visit to the Btate; and, still eight years later, La Salle Jand- ed upon its soil. Six years after La Salle, a few Frenchmen, preferring savage life and Indian women to society, settled hear the old Post of Arkansss, and left a permancnt posterity of balf-breeds behind them. About 1720, & French fort was built here, and removed subsequently higher up the river. The Arkansas settlement was acquired by John Law, the Scotch financier, 2bout 1718, and he proceeded to peopls his grant with Germans from Provence, and Parisians, ‘male and female, from the houses of correction. Somewhat earlier, Bernard dela Harpe estab- liched 2 post in Southwestern Arkansas, border- ing on the Red River. The State fell into the hands of the Spsnish in 1762, and in 1803 was 891d to the United States, with Louisiana. Lieu- tenant Montgomery Pike soon despatched a bogt- party down the Arkansas from the subssquent Indian Territory, and they passed safely through the whole breadth of the State. Arkansas was delivered to the Union as & part of Lonisiana ; and, while the popalation of the ‘whole province was about 49,500, the portion comprised in the future State of Arkansas did not contain 500 Christian souls. FIRST AMERICAN EVENTS. Very soon, the territory comprising the pres- ent States of Arkensas, Missouri, and Iowa was made the District of Lonisiana, and annexed to Indiana Territory, under Governor Harrison. In 1805, this Territory was mado & separate Ter- ritory of the second class, without legislative rights, but directed by the Governor and J udges. General Wilkinson, of Maryland, Commgader. in-Chief of the regular army, was the Governor. A system of roads, leading to- the Miesissipp from the Potomac and from Georgia, was now ‘provided for by Congress. In the ssme year, Asron Burr descended the Miesissippiin an officer’s barge, passing Arkansae, and, in 1808, be bought an interest in a claim within the limits of the present State for £40,000,—the Baron de Bastrop's Spanish grant, on the Upper Washits. Burr intended, it was thought, to usa this possession to scquire residence, andas a base of operations for conquest or revolution. Burr attempted aleo to seduce the commander of the new military post of Chickasaw Bluff {Aem- phis), the key to Arkaneas, where Andrew Jack- son had a large tract of land. In 1812, when Lonisiana had been admitted as & Btate, Arkansas was made a part of Missouri Territory. THE FIRST DAIGRATION, Tn 1810, the Arkansas settlements of Loniei- ana Territory numbered 874 settlers, inclusive of “Francis set+ tlements, west of the subsequent City .of Mem- phis, numbered 188, inclusive of 29 slaves, By 1816, & fair ehare of immigration had been dirgoted up the Arkanses and Washita Rivers, end’ the resért of vieitors already to the Hot B‘gx?ntgs led a current publication to remark: i e farmers who have eettled on the-Osage’ 1ands must be removed by Government, wretchied indeed must be the fate of the numerous inva- lids who repair there.” . ADMITTED A8 A TERRITOEY. The bill o organize the Territory of Arkansas 1ed to a determined effort on the part of James Tallmadge, Jr., and John W. Taylor,—both of New York,~to eave freedom west of the Missis- sippi. A clause was at one time adopted, givin Ireedom to slave children there at the age of 25. Next day, this was struck out, when Taylor at once introduced a proviso that the line of 30 de- grees 30 minntes—the Northern boundary of' Arkansas—should be the perpetual boundary of slavery northwerd. In this debate, one Colston, of Berkeley County, Va.,—the county. of John Brown's conguest, forty years afterwards,—who bad been a Bheriff, used the phrase on Liver- more, of New Hampshire, thst.he ‘deserved hanging, like Arbuthnot and Ambrister.” Tall- ‘madge made & speech on this bill, which, in the light of events, was a prophecy. ' Arkansas Ter~ ritory, nevertheless, was organized ¥ithout de- Iny. “Nearly at the fame time, the Cherokes In- dians were given a west reservation in the heart of the present State of Arkansas. Thus Arkansas took outline as a domain not secured from slavery, and temporarily the realm of savages. . FLINT'S BESIDENCE IN AREANSAS. Timothy Flint, in 1818, was for some time & resident at Arkansas Post. He says: _ 1 was at Arkaness at the setting up of the Werritorial Government, and it exhibited & scene sufficiently painful’'and disgusting.” The Legislsture enacted Iaws severe sa the Eastern Blue Laws, and “then followed the usual voca- tion of gambling, week-dzy and Sundey.” Enst- ern gclifinims sent their superfluous and errant relatives to Arkansas to hold office. The peo- le were more rough and untamed than those of xfiesonri, but were perhaps too well abused. The ague was £0 common that nobodgvn.s jus- tified In complaining of having it. eaching 2t the Post took place at the Court House, and, the congregation being rim:i%llly of French families, they came in their ball-dresses, and ‘went from worship directly to dancing. A bill- iard-room was within "hearing, and people dropped in between gemes, listened to Flint gemhin for a few minutes, and then returned their frivolity, Mr. Flint's wife was overtaken with child- birth as he went up the river, 2nd was delivered of her ' baby . ashero. He gives this idea of the populace atthe time : Fn.rg;eatup the Arkaneas,on Six Bull River (near the Indian Territory), was a French mission ; pext below, descen 15 the Arkunses, was the ‘Mulberry settlement ; forty miles above Arkan- eas Post, was the Bardstown settlement and some -cultivated cotton-fields ; on the table- 1snd between the Red and Arkansas Rivers, was the settlement of Mownt Prairie ; the Arkansas Post itself was on & low bluff, ten feet above innndstion-mark, npon stoneless, level soil, cov- erod with short oaks and persimmon trees, with tho Court House 800 yards from the river, a swamp near by in the rear, and a prairie to the * west of the town ; fifteen miles below the Post were _some huts and clearings &t occasional in- tervals, which continued to the river's mouth ; on the ' Miesiesippi, below the Arkansas, was & .Bettlement called Ohico; and there was a set- tlement on the White River, and one on the St. Francie, Mr. Flint computes the whole popula. tion of the young Territory at 10,000. SCHOOLCRAFT'S TOUR OF AREANSAS. Henry R. Schooleratt, fired with the desire to recognize the footsteps of De Soto, descended the White River into Arkansss, in the year 1819, He gives the names of some of the Western steamers at that time : “‘Tamerlane,” “Ris’ing States,” “Rifleman,” and *“ Western E{xginear.’ He found a solitary Bcotch-Irishman, McGarry, - #ottled on the Upper White, 800 miles from the mouth of the river.” The youthfal phx‘lolofiist piouly planted peach-stones at certain heathen clearings; and he alleged that the White River was ' the most beautiful and enchanting, and by far the most traneparent,” of all tributarics of the Missiseippi. He discovered gigantic springs bursting from the ground, and plenty of deer, geese, wild turkey, and fruit. At the preaen‘ fown of Bates were “ twelvo or fourteen bild- ings of all sorts,” the only village he had seen since leaving Boston. In French days, the lead and copper of the Ozaiks were smelted at ¢ 0lq Peora” 0is?) ; but Moses Austin, Ameri- can, followed by numerous adventurers, was now making eheet-lead and shot nearer the mines, forNew Orleans and Havans, Sobooleratt ree “miiid, or prove & past dominion of man. - Bac tirough the mountains as ho cami ) ing the Hot Springs, however. - SUTTALL'S EXPLORATION, 1819, The exploration of Mr, Nuttall is by far the most perfect. account_we-have of the manners and condition of Arkaneasin the year it became o terzitory. This scientific gentlemnn left Phil- adelphin "Oct. 2, 1818, “all the way to Pitts- -burgh, - brushing. past. wagons hesvily loaded with merchandise,~the whole rond, in_fact, like the covalcade of o continued fair,” and Teached Pittsburgh Oct. 15, Oct. 21, Re left Pittsburgh ina skiff ; was delayed at Louisville till Dec, 7; “flonted down the current 80 miles aday without labor,” pessed the mouth of the Ohio Dec. 17, and on the 19th of January came to the first houes on the Arkansas River, Madame Gordon's, 16 miles above . the White River Cut-Off. Tho scenery at the Arkansas mouth,” he gays, “is almost destitute of every- thing which is agreeable to human natare ;noth- ing yet appears but one vast, trackless wilderness. of trees, a desd Eolemnity,- where the human voice is never heard "to. echo, where not even ruing of the humblest kind recall its history t {rom Gordon's was a settlement of less than hal a-dozen French families, raising cotton and corn.” A couple’ of whesl-boats, loaded with whiskey. and_ four, were going 300 milos up stream to Cadron, and possibly 650 miles to the fort; they refused the naturalist ngsege. He walked to Arkaneas Post, and found there thirty or forty houses, and the three mercantile houses which did nearly all the business of the Territo- : Brahan & Drope, Mr. Lewis, and Aonsienr otrebe. The goil was equal to that of Ken- tucky, and the climate mild as in the South of Europe. The people wore blanket capeaus, moccasing, and overalls, 28 in Canada; head Xkerchiefs ifistead of hats and bonnets ; preferred quackery to the only physician in the place; and, ““after an_existenco of a century, scarcely deserved geographical notice.” A road, how- ever, proceeded to Red River and Cadron thus early. There wers two cotton-gins; no window- panes; some veld cattle; interminable Indian mounds; and incessant gambling_and dancing. Two hundred docile Indizns remained. Mr. Nuttall ascended the river13 miles to Mooney's settlement of four families: thence to Curran’s settlemont, which was thrifty; and at Kirkendale's hut he saw the principal Quapan Chiof, who showed. him o writing' of - tho recent cession of Quapaw lands, 60,000 square miles for $4,000 in hand, and S1,000'annuity in goods, saving only a reservation on the Sunth%}ank between the Post and Little Rock. Indiansan whites foraged for whiskey misscellaneous- !{. In March, Nuttall continiéd on up to Dar- ennés, pussing geveral hutted families, and describing the strange works of the mound- builders, which strew the Arkansas. At Pine Binffs lived- Msjor TLeuismore Vangin, and Michael Le Boun,—one French, the other Spanish. * At the second Pine Bluff, he found one Bartholme, and two or three families, *In- dians in habits,” who were descended from De Tontysmen. There was but one house between tbe second Pine Bluffs and ‘ the Little Rock.” The peach of Persia was already naturalized gen- erally in the forests of Arkensas; the silk mul- berry was spontaneous; there was pasturage at all seasons of the year. At the Sixth Pine Bluf stood *‘the Little Rock,” where was ‘“the settlement of Mr. Hogan's, or Little Rock,” on hills more than 150 feot abovo the river, thinly coverad with trees. A few families lived on both sides, and 20 miles to the south was & settlement on the sources of the Saline Creek of the Washita, numbering nine or ten families. The latter set- tlement ‘(Benton?) was receiving accessions {rom Kentucky and Tennessee ; it stood upon the road from St. Louis by Little Rock to Hot Springs, to the Post of Washits, and to M. Prairie settlement, near Red River. 5 ‘The next settlement above Little Rock was Piat's ; and next Cadron, 150 miles sbove the Post by land, whero the ' town-lot” gamo was being tried by a Mr. Mcllmery. “ There was not a grist-mill anywhere on the Arkansas, and but one saw-mill. The means of education are nearly proscribed, and the rising generation are grovingup in ‘mental darkness, like the French unters who preceded them.” Still, there was superb health on theee highlands, and pre-smp- tion claims were already at 2 premium. Beyond Point Remu Creel, there was quite a settloment “of civilized Indians, with whites close up to their frontier, at ** The Pecannerie.” One of their Cherokee villages bore the name of Galley or alle,—still ~extent in Popo County. Only’ part of the Cherokees had. yot Temoved from their esstern empiro; many who had moved to the Arkansas had good houses and fat tables; in all, they numbered 1,500 in the Territory. Nuttall ascended Dardnnelle Rock, and beheld that magnificent mountain-panorama_ whieh continues o delight every stranger in Ar- kansas. Above the Pecannerie was Webber's, a metit or mixed trader, chief, and elaveholder; and the celebrated John Rodgers resided near by. The Cherokees were becoming monogamous, avaricions, and fond of property, Nothing elsc wag to be seon of scttloments, ‘oxcept the de- serted cabins of the whites at *‘The Mulberry,” now Franklin County, which the Indianshad ap- ,propriated when the whites were removed. 'April 24, the naturalist arrived at Fort Smith, and was welcomed by Major Bradford, the com. mandant. There, Dr. Ruesell -assisted him in making colle sils. houses and lines of cabins for 70 men. r. Nuttall accompanied the soldiery to the Red River country, to expel white intruders upon the Osage lands ; and at Field's Cave, now in Polk County, they found traces of & former . outlaw who lived there; and, be) ondh:lme to an” emigrant, accompanied by blind mother, 90 years .of age, and to cer- tain desporadoes who lod shob some | innocent Cherokees. One other honse, Varner's, was found on Red River, and below it & small sottlement of renegades, who Ehifted their car- casses between American justice and Spanigh San Antonio. 5 Ina subsequent journey from Fort Smith, Nattall werit to the Osage Nation, 8,000 strong, and visited the salt-works, where one proprietor had lately murdered his’ pertner, and sought refuge at Cadron Settloment, to murder more. Btill later, Nuttall proceeded down the river to Pecannerie (sixty families), the second place of importauce in the Territory, which was full of renegades and horse-thieves. Some little indif- ferent accessions had also been received at Cad- ron; and at Little Rock Colonel Hogan Lnd started a town. At Arkansne Post, o citizen bad Just been sentenced to mutilation for outraging his step-daughter. At the mouth of the Arkan- sas were the eurvivors of a vagrantband of religious fanatics from_Canads, called Pilgrims, 2lso mentioned by Mr. Flint, and the abandoned rendezvous of Clary's band of river pirates, who had been cleaned out in 1811. Such was Arkansas Territory when it was re- ceived into the Union, in 1819. Thousands of noble lives were sgunt to recover this country to the Union, after the lapse of half a century. Major General Miller, the new Governor, wen up to Arkansas Post in 1819, upon & steamer entitled, *“Tll Try;” and the Secretary of the Territory, Robert Crittenden (brother of John 3.), and the Judges of the new Territory, met at the Post. Atthe election for Delegate to Congress, in 1820, 1,263 votes were_distributed amonget five candidates. William E. Woodruff, of Brooklyn, N. Y., bad already established his paper at Lit- tle Rock. A png?r also existed at the Postg and, in 1821, & third was announced to be pub- lished at Davidsonvillo, Lawrenco County. April 1,1820, the ‘ Comet " ascended the river to Little Rock—the first steamer to venture to this point, e *‘ Comet” had made the trip from New Orleans in eightdsys. At this time, the Governor’s meseage adverted to the dopre- ciation of scrip and the want of secure jails, In December of this year, Governor Miller visited various parts of thé Territory, and described the “salt-prairies,” the homed froge and the Hot Springs,—seying of the latter, yon may scald and dress a hog with the water as it comen from the ground.” The population as now 14,276, including = 1,617 slaves, and there wero but nine counties. It was feared that the contemplated Choctaw cession of Arkaneas lands ¢ would drive 1,000 persons into Texas,” and the lands to be ceded were said to be 500 miles by 100 in extent, The Osage Indians looked mpon the newly-ar- rived Cherokees a8 intruders, and both sides pre- pared for war, while the Osages were insolent even up to the guns of Fort Smith. The pre- sentation of vast S;lmnisb cleims before Congress, such as the Gabriel and Winter claims, aleo an- n(&efl the new settlers; the Winter claim asked & thoueand acres square,—one anthority seys about one million acres. THE OPENING TRADE OF AREANSAS. In 1821, the independence of Mexico opened the way for trade to that country, and forthwith Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri opened the way for trado with the northern provinces of Mexico. 1t was the work,” says b1 Benton, “of individual onterprise, Twithout the protec. “tion or.counténance of the Government,—with- out even its knowledze, and exposed to per- petual danger.” Benton introduced a bill to open a rosd through tho Indisn tribes to the Arkansas River, and thence over Mexican ground to Santa Fe. Monroo signed it when nearly at the cloge of his second term, and it was built in the Administration of John Quincy Adams, *Van Buren and Fort Smith were the points of departure. 3 1822, a steamer ascended to Fort Smith, and beyond it 130 miles, nearly to the Cherokee Mission, in the Indian Country. ‘Wonderful 12nd! ¥ says the editor of Niles' Register, “with Tivors navigahle 400 miles, which wo are just . beginning to heor of!” In1823a map.of the new Territory was faub lished by private enter- prise, by one of its citizens; and, the same year, some silver was discovered. Acting Gov- ernor Crittenden indulged in some hard asper sions upon the Federal Government for treating’ Michigan with partinlity, while refusing to ex- tinguish the Quapaw claims in Arkansas. . & i e WESTERY BOUNDARY. =4 The western boundary of Arkansas 'was es- tablished by act of Congress, 1824, through the exertions of Henry W. Conway, her Delegate. This added 300 miles by 40 to the Territory, equal to one-fourth of the whole, and adaptabla. for half-the whole population. It also added needful salt springs, *‘Even with this exten- sion,” says Benton, ‘‘the Territory was still de- ficient in 'arable lahd, not as strong as her frontier position required her to be (since the Florida treaty, giving_awoy Texas, had brought Mexico deep into the Valley of the Mississippi), nor susceptible, on account of swamps an sterilo districts, of the popilation and cultiva- tion implied by her superficial contents.” Very criide and haid elements of sociaty were coming into the State, the North Caroline and Tennessee Scotch prevailing,—races susceptiblo sf civilization, but only as they themselves or- ler ROADS AND INCREASE, 1825-'28, In 1825 the totel population was15,040; slaves, 1,898. The cultivation of cotton had'g‘mnbly extended ; particular acres yielded,800 lbs, and exceptional stalks a3 many 18 425 bolls. : The United States Government was now work- ing vigorously upon a series of military roads for Arkansas, viz.: From Memphis to Little Rock, 136 miles ; Little Rock to Fort Smith, 152 miles; Fort Smith to Fort Gibson, 56 miles; Fort _Smith to Fort Towson, 190 miles; and Towson to Nachitoches, 320 miles. Theso roads crossed the river-gkeleton of Arkansas, and opened rays of light through the country. What had_beon described & few yoars ago a8 *irksome silence and gloomy solitude,” and caused Mr. Nuttall to say: ‘“‘How many Ages may yeb elapse before these luxuriant wilds can enumerate a popu- lation equal to the Tartarian deserts?” seemed t0 have developed already into an _orderly series of settlements, with pathis between them “made straight.” g VIOLENCE USURPS AREANSAS. Not orderly altogether. The Iliad of violence began this very year, and it is_recited ‘in the Brmts of the timo that Mr. H. V. Conwsy, late elegate to Congress, had been Xilled in 4 ducl The next year, 1828, it was furthor related that General Edward Hogan, founder of Little Rock, had been murdered, in & grocery-store at Littlo Rock, by Andrew Scott, late Judge of the Super- ior Court of the Territory ; the victim was stab- bed four times in the breast. THE TERRITORY DEPLETED. In May, 1825, the new western part of Arkan- 828 was again thrown off, and ceded to the Cher- okee Indians by trealy by James Barbour, Secre- tary of War. Bonton at once raised the ques- tion whether a law of Congress could be abol- ished by an Indian treaty. ~The treaty was, however, confirmed, and it was negotiated really by Barbour's chief clerk, McKinney. The In- dians wanted the salt springs, and the Southern Senators voted them pert of Arkansas to hasten Hheir zomoval, - Congress guvo ovory sotiler on the Cherokeo cession 320 acres elsewhere to move off, and the rest were subject to military removel.” So 12,000 acres were vacated. ORE MURDERS. In 1829, thero were-cast 4,761 votes, and ‘the population was thought Lo be 20,000, Pops, tho ghiing Governor, whose Adminisfration was & violent one, intimated that Texas must be occu- pied by the Americans, The next affray resulted in the murder of Geoorge T. Owen by General Hardy Robinson, 18 miles from Liitle Rock. C. F. M. Noland noxt ehot Governor Popo's nephew dead in & duel. The furious acrimony of ?ul.ifieu discussion was commented upon all over he country, and_Arksnsss enjoyed tho worst reputation in the Upion. Justat this period & tractable and industrions race of people appeared by direct emigration from Germany: 13U Ger~ mans, led by tho Baron de Coentge and Count Grolman, a8 it wos recited at Littlo Rock. Had murders been less plentiful and Germans more numerous, the social state might have become attractive. Bat, in 1835, wo read of yet another affray at Little Rock, where two friends, but a moment before on laughing terms, drew arms upon cach other, and one was mortally wounded, the other killed. Great storms and freshets ac- cnflpmied these crimes, like portents, and e read of drifting steamers rescuing women from tree-tops on the banks. AREANSAS A STATE IN THE UNION. The tantalizing sight of hundreds of emigrants pushing through Arkaneas_to Texas, without giving the formor any consideration, led to & serious political movement at Little Rock to CB.rrg Arkansag Territory out of the Union and ad it to the Republic of Texas. Judgo Eilis, James Clark, and Mr. Carson, “late of North Caro- ina,” were named as Delegates to Texas; but this precipitated the admission of Arkansas as s State into the American Union. June 15, 1836, Arkansas and Michigan voro admitted, side by side. Michigan had then about double the num- ber of people Arkansas had; it has now made 1o §3p brg thirds. ; " C. F. AL Noland was made the Commissioner to carry the new State Constitution to Washing- ton. He was o nativo of Virginia, a West Point Cedet, an Officer of Dragoons, and afterwards a fighting editor and humorist'in Arkansss, He isreferred to élsewhere in these notes. When Arkanses was admitted, the State debt was $8,604; the jails were out of order; the Capitol- edifice at Little Rock was unfinished, and .work had stopped upon it ; and the State Constitution, permitting only two banks, bad tightened mon- ey-affaira ; so said Governor J. S. Conway, TIE FIGHT OVER AREANSAS CODING IN. The admiesion of Arkansas involved long de- bate in.Copgress. It was admitted simulta- neously with Michigen, according to a tacit understinding thut tho Slave and Free States should come in alternately, a3 had Maine and Miesouri in 1820. To James Buchanan was con- fided the Arkansas bill. Six votes only were cast against it in the Senate,—Henry Clay, Por- ter, of Louisiana, Enight and Robbins, of Rhode Island, voting nay * because the Arkansas peo- plo had been guilly of rovolutionary proceedings 1in forming a Btate Constitution without previous authority of Congress.” Senator Prentiss, and Bwift, of Vermont, voted nay ‘ because the new %Dnfltimtion sanctioned perpetusl slavery.” Buchanan said that it provided for the trial of slaves by jury, which was more liberal than any of the Slaveholding States. In the Houso, Henry A. Wise and others tried to crowd Arkan- sa8 in before Michigan, and Caleb Cushing vig- orously attacked tho clauses in the Arkansas code, which prohibited emancipation, and de- clared that the General Assembly should never prevent tho importation of elave-property. Cushing foretold the social history of Arkansas in this sentence : I cannot sanction & Constitution or Govern- ment which undertakes to foreclose in advance the progress of Civilization snd of Liberty for- ever ! John Quincy Adams also moved an amend- ment that thedpnblic lands in Arkaneas should never bo taxed, nor their disposal affacted by the new State, nor should Congress be construed to have assenfed to the extrome slavery provis- fons. Jumes K. Polk was Speaker during this debate, and Speight; of North Carolina, presided over tlie Commities of the Whole. After twen- ty-five hours continuous session, during which tgera were two calls of the House, and threats, cat-calls, drunken scenes, personal reflections, end ““an affair of honor,” Adams’ amendment was fejected. Thero wero only 50 votes against assing the Arkansas bill to a third reading. 'hus, with the impertinent assumption of per- petual elavery put forward in a Constitution ‘made without authority, Arkansas was baptized, into the Union like & young ruffian, and wrang- led over as if it werae the disputed offspring of & couple of border nymphs. THE STATE EATS LAY, 2 18 The new State showed its hand in party poli- tics by electing Presidential Electors for Van Buren ; Michigan did the same. Next time they divided, Arkonsas repeating the courtesy for Van Baren, Michigan going for Harrison. The twin States united on Polk in 1845, on Cass 1849, and on Pierce in 1853 ; but in 1857 Mich- igan went for Fremont. The relative strength of parties was thus shown in Arkansas in 1836 : The Whig got_ 3,223 votes; the Democratic, 5,838. The fegialntnm commanded its Senators to vote for the expunging of the resolutions of censure against Andrew Jackson, and sent two of his intensest admirers to the United States Senate. Archibald Tell, of tho same party school, went to Congress without opposition the next year. MURDER IN THE ABKANSAS STATE HOUSE, In 1838, an affray occurred in the State Capi- tol which'caused a thrill_of horror to go round the land,—indeed, round all civilization,—not less-for the bloody desecration of the Halls of Logislation, than for the nonchalant verdict which refensed the _murderer. Colonel John Wilkon left the Chair of the House of Representatives, the 4th of December, 1837, while the House was in session at Little Rock, and cut to death, with his_Bowie-knife, Joseph J. Anthony, = member, Nothing like this Lad oceurred in the Sonthwast, although, in 1837, & lawyer camed Grymes, in tho neighboring State of Louieiana, had invaded tho State Honse, and shot and weunded the Spealer, Labrancho. ~ Wilson was from Glark Couniy, 1 Southern Arkansas ; Anthony from Randolph, on-the Mis- souri border. Wilson was at the liead of one of ‘the two State Banks,—the Real Lstate Bank, s corrupt concern, which lent money to &‘hntem and took mortgages upon their farms, The epd of that bank proved to be, sbove 500,000 of bonds issued to it by ~ the State were _ resssumed, for as fraudulent a_motive, as they had been issued more than thirty years before. The old generation sold those bonds for~ 125,000, and the new one has taken them up and paid. back interest for thirty-four years, or aboat 240 per that, in theyear 1870, -gont,—thus paying 81,700,000 far bonds hypothe-. cated at $125,000.” Who shall say which genera- 2::“ ‘:m most corrupt,—desperado or adven- ror ? The President of this corrupt bank,” Wilsor, with & majority et his back, had been selocted Spoaker for bis power o intimidate, He, Liko the Test, went armed in and out of placs, and the mombers and the lobby were in the Habit of ‘practising with fro-arms in. & grove on the Btate House bluff, within hearitig of the Goy- ernment. abous the attacks made upon_the bank, and Ane thony placed the ' last feather upon’ his pa- tience in fatal. day's proceedings. It was tho- ‘immemorial question in Arkansas of paying rewards for wolf Bcalps, to annibilato wolves. The- question was, who shounld constitnte the Board of Certification, to prove that the wolf hed been killed once and no more. Amember proposed that each certificate ba signed by w0 Judges and certain Justices of th?‘ 3 eace. "I move to amend by adding, ‘And by the President of the Real Estate Bugk. ” % 1t was Anthony who made the nmendment. He 80t in his joke, but it lost him_ his life. The goneral laughter had herdly subsided before the ferocious Speaker had drawn his Bowie-knife, and - deliberately walked through the House toward the jester. His knife had a blade nine inches in-length. Anthony also drew a knife with & blade twelve inches long, thoveritable Ar- Xkanieas tooth-pick. Face fo face, dead silenco in tho House, none interfering, these two began to gnss a each other, till Wilson wascut in thearm adly, ‘and both ware gashed in other places. Blood ran, and the place looked like & slaughter- house, While Anthony scemed yet to have the advantage, he threw his great, knife at Wilson, expecting that its size and weight would answer in place of an arm to drive -it. The knife foll, ringing on the floor, and then the maimed wretch stocd with nothing between him and eternity but 8 raised chair. Itwas in the power of any hu- mane man in the House to have saved a fellow- being’s life at that instant, but no man raised voice or hand. The Speaker gave tho chair a twist, and reached his knifo beneath it for nothing short of a vital spot. The knife went straight as the murderous wish, and An- thony fell upon 'tho floor of the Legislature, dead. Tho Moderator was the murderer; the Law was the first desperado in Arkansas. The party, of course,and the bank-lobby, rallied around the living hero. He had fought in the war of 1812; he had ouly obeyed & pas- sionate instinet, they said ; and they had tantal- ized him beyond endursnce. He was acquitted by a_jury of his peers,—peers truly in this case, neither “more nor 'less,—under this form: ‘““Guilty of excusable homicide.” But it was thought best, as there might be some State bonds yet to dispose of abroad, to “retire” Ar. Wilson from the Legislatura. This freedom the hero did not resent. He is said to bave lived many years botween Texss and Arkansas, “regretting” the occurrence; but Mr. Woodruff, Jr., of the Littlo Rock Gazelte, assured me that he was “an estimablo man,” and that *it,” the murder, was all done in a minute’s paassion. ABEANSAS STEALS THE SMITHSONIAN FUND, Iusnstcmbsr, 1838, the Hon. Richard Rush having deposited in the United States Treasury the sum of $515,000,—the legacy in full of the 1ate James Smithson,—it was Invested in Arkan- 8as State funds. It was lost, and the United States had to replace it. Thus political and social barberism n Arkaness was wasting the capital set aside by a liberal foreigner to.found the Smithsonian Inatitution. out the same time, the New York Evening Post attacked Sena- tor Sevier and the Vice President, Richard M. g’:ohnaon, for negotiating Arkansas funds in the East. AREANSAS CBOSSES TI GREAT DESERT. &y 1, 1830, the first of & series of caravans to follow the same long and romantio path, started from Van_Buren, Ark., to Chihuahus, Mexico, via Santa Fe,—a distance of 700 miles. Forty men and eighteen wagons con- stituted the train, “and for dragoons escorted it part of the way. is feature of Arkansos life was for years alluring to young men and lads imaginative about wandering travel. Weo hear at this time that the bonds have been sold in Europe, and that there are “now nnly 31,800,000 of them left.” The cen- sus of 1810 showed 94,03 poosle i Arkaasas, inclusive of 18,969 slavas; the male population exceeded the females by above 6,000. Violence raged alsnin and the business of lynching on a wholesale plan was adopted by entire commu- nities. 4 FINIE, At this point I close the chronicle for the present, to resume it in a fial letter. Gartr. e THE RELIGIOUS PRESS ON POLITICS. ;i Lexa, 10, Oct, 22, 1672, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : Sir: While the religious press generslly are showing & most alarming obliquity with regard to political matters, it is refreshing to find- ono ‘whose editors do not see in the President a man who can do no wrong. The ‘Standard has soveral times suggested that there had been too much of the brother-in-law business ; and has also said that the Postmaster General had bet- tor be looking.after his duties, instead of wmak- ing politicel speecnes. -In its lsst issue (the 17th), it published an articlo on “The Rise ond Ball of . Demagogues,” taken from the . New York Nation, which virtnally charges the leeders of the party in power with being the veriest of demagogues, and points to the present Liberal movement as the means of-reliof. : ‘While the writer of this communication re- spects tho offica of the religious press, yet trath compels him to say that generally, in" political morals, they have heretofore been, a8 they are now, very unenfe guides. Twenty years' ago, Blavery was apologized for, if not opan!yagu- fended, by many of them ; while it was left to euch papers as the New York Zribune, and & fow openly - Anti-Slavery ampe:s whose ' managers were notalways Orthodoxy, to educate the peo.. plo in the right way. Now, we find the religious ress speaking _ boldly for tho pari B power, ad - agemst " Resencilane. and © Roform, They are alarmed b what they consider the apostasy of Horace Greeley. Say these righteous Pharisees, “Be- hold that man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.” ¢ Yet we believo that the spirit of the Divine Master will prevail; and that, although the Priest snd Levite may pass by on the other s1de, tho Good Samariten will bind up, and pour oil and wine into the wounds of the plundered South. Theroe is none in the nation who knows better how great has been her sin, how terri ble her punishment, and how to make her loyal and prosperous, than Horace Greeley. St Y PERSONAL. C('hm:]phi!e Gantier, the French poet, is dead. —Alden P. Loring, Harvard “stroke” in the race with Oxford, has been admitted to the Bos- toa bar. ; N -~ —Henry W.Sage, of Brooklyn, has added o his princely gift of $250,000, $30,000 for a Univer- sity Chapel ot Ithncs. —William E. Robinson, ex-3. C., of Brooklyn; is about to start the Shamrock newspaper (week- 1y), devoted to the cause of Ireland. —John 8. Sanborn, of Sherbrooke, member of the Senate of Canads, has just been appointed Judge of the Superior Coiirt of Quebec, with the counties of which Sherbrooke is the centre for his Judicial district. He is a brother of Profes- sor Sanborn, of Dartmouth College. —The indefatigable Mrs. Gaines suddenly re- appcars in her old arens, and agsin brings bo- fore the New Orloans City Council a proposal to compromite her Iarge claim on the city, —Premier Blake and Treasurer McKenzie, of the Ontario Ministry, have resigned, to sit in the Dominion Parliament, and the Lieutenant Governor has called Vice Chancellor Mowatt to form a new Cabinet, ; —Henri Rochefort has recoived the large snm of £2,000 from & London publishing house for the English translation of -his ¢ History of the Second Empire.” The principal featurs of the work js a detailed biography of the Ex-Empress Eugene previous to her marriage to Napoleon —David Ream, who sued Philip Thompson, of Grandview, Tows, for defamation of character, Iying damages ab 920,000, was awazded one_cent by the juryin the United States Circuit Court at Des Moines, on Friday last. This throws the bulk of costa on Ream, and will cost him dear, as no-case in the United States Courts is enter- teined involving a sum less than §500. —A lady who met the suthor * Ouida” London—in fact, lived in the sume house with lier—describos her as_exceedingly eccentric She is middle-agod, plain, but wierd-looking, and drives in the most bizarre fashion. Her aeso- ciates are entirely gentlemen, Sho makes pots of various uncanny enimals, surrounds herself with all monner of curious objects, keeps the most irregular hours, and generally impresses one &8 & cross befween & sorceress and & lunatic. LiBERAL. Wilson had grown very sensitive " NEBRASKA. The Leading- Featfire of -the Recent State Election, Candidate for Governor, The Contest Conducted on the Issue of Corruption, and Corruption Wins the Day. . Oaana, Neb., Oct, 17, 1872, To the Editor of The Chicago Fribune: " BIn: The October election has come snd gone against us, but we in Nebraska feal to thank God and take courage. The Radicals have again ob- teined the Government in this young State,—a State that has had the worst set of rulers, a bigger set of thieves,—men of loss® brain, than any of the young States; but still ‘it grows and prospers, in material wealth, in larger propor- tions than any of the other States during the first six years of their existence. This, too, in apite of all the distressing calamitios,.in the shapo of courts of impeachment and jobbery, that have befallen .it. The election in Nebrasks has its lesson. Even with its comparatively small vote, it is instruc- tive. With an increase of population of 70,000 in the last year, conceded to be four-fths Republi- can, the majority is no greater than four years 8go. If party tiesconld have bound the ele- ments of the pary to Grantism, the majority would have been 10,000; but the ties have been broken ; mon have thrown off the shackles that would have bound them to the recognition of the principle that power, in order to be enduring 88 well as pleasing, must have its silver lining, ‘We understand fully here, in our own midst, the power of money. In the young days of the Territory, it saved the Capital to Omaha; it procured the stuffing of the ballot-box that made tho Territory a State; it elevated to the office of Governor, in 1870, a man who -was subsequently impeached. for stealing the monev of the School-Fund. Money has kept the Redicels in power, and has given them & new lense; and now we have the inglorious spectacle of & man being elected to the ofiice of Governor, in 1872, who has been convicted in the public press, upon sworn testimony, of having sold his vote, while & member of the Legislature, for $3,000. The Radicals have elected him, claim-- ing that the offence was outlawed, becaus® it was committed in 1857. Outlawed, is it? Con the sale of = man's honor ‘over outlaw? When' his honor has been bartered awey once, what s there laft, 5s & capital for future investments ? Bt _tho Rodical leaders aro all ag devoid of capital in that rogard as tho newly-elecied Gov- ernor; consequently, they enjoyed the story of his_crime, and delighted to do him honor by casting_their votes for one whom they knew w8 0o botter and no worse than themselves. How long, think you, this Government will stand up undor such and other like infictions ? Men aro bought and eold in the market like sheep in their shambles, and convicted of it ; but still they are_taken up, under the cry of arty, party, and foisted upon the people, by the party-managers ; and the people—the hon- est, church-going people—do not see tho fraud. Is it beosuss Uiey are as corrupt as. tho politi cians It is to be hoped that this _day and generation will never witness another civil strife; but, if it does come, the great first cause will be the cor- ruption of the peoplo; snd, until they loarn that the only price paid toman should be the plaudits of a zirfuous poople for the vindication of & better and holier manhood, there is danger of its coming. BISTORY. Robert H. Furnas, the newly-elected Gover- nor, came to this Territory about seventeen years ago. In 1857 he was gent by his county tothe Legislature, then held in Omaha. The groat and all-absorbing scheme of the politicians was the Capitol-removal from O: Various E:ojueta were started, but all proved sbortive, cause the people of Omaha had money enough to procure the requisite number of votes to defoat them. 1In 1857, the moneyed men of this then younF city raised $6,000 and saved. the Oapitol. Furnas and another member are said to have got it.” This has been the cfrevaillng opinion of “all §ood Republicans and Democrats since then. t has been used against Furnas in several State Conventions, and, two years ago, caused hia de- fest for the nomination of Govemnor. . This time, ho made it ; and the old residents, now grown xes&zctnbln and above buying men, and thinking that a once-bribed man was better for them than an honest Democrat, kept their lips sealed, and said theg had forgiven and wanted to forget. All men did not hap%ni:‘to be in & for- getfing mood, and, from whispers st first, the charge grow into large-proportions. and finally, under the whip of pawy, Colonel Furnps threw down the challenge to prove it. Then came the battle. The Omahs Herald made the charge, openly, that he sold his vote for £3,000, in gold, on the Capitol-removal question. Affidavits of men Imowing the cir- cumatances were prooured, and everybody, but the old seftlers, were staggered and amazed at the proof. There was no dodging it, then ; and, under the party-lash_sgain, P gave up the joint discussions with hisogpnnsm, and came to Omaba and commenced a libel suit against the Omaha Herald. Furnas lifted up his_hand and swore that be never got the money. Mind yoa, he has never denied the contract, but his friends say, for him, that he let Eomebody steal the lucre. Herewnsa poseragain. The defendants then turned the case over to their attorneys, and, within four days-from the time of the ser- vico of summons, the Herald published the fol- lowing testimony of David Moffat, Jr., Cashier of the First National Bank of Denver: Fifth Interrogation, Stato what, if apything, you Imow about Robert. W. Furnss, the plaintiff, stipulat- ing to recelve, or of his baving recoived, money as a conaideration for his vote a8 a member of the Legisla- tivo Assernbly of Nebrasks Territory, in the winter of the years 1856-'57, for or ogainst ihe removalof tho Capital of the Territory from Omeha; state fully and ‘particularly all you know about it. Anguer, Therowns the sum of threo thousand dol- 1ars deposited in the bank in which I was teller, to be pnid to Robert W, Furnns on the condition that by oled for the rotention of the Capital at Omzha. I issued a certificate of deposit, payable on the condi- tion above mentioned, to the arder of Robert W. Fur- nos, and delivered ihat certiicate to Benjamin B, in. After tho adjournment of the Legislature that winter, Mr. Rankin and Robert W. Furnas came into the bank, with the certificate properly endorsed, aud satisfied me that ite conditions had been complied Sith, and I paid over the money. 6 Herald wes vindicated; the charge was proven; and the corruptionist of 1857 was hand- ed over to the corruptionists of 1872 to be dealt with, and they elected him. Theras is nothing like being consistent, but what a commentary ‘upon public morals! 4 THE OMAIA NERALD, This paper has led a valiant sot ‘of men on to a hud-?ought batile. It has done o noblo ser- vice, and covered itself all over with laurels, It must be remembared that heretofore it has been Democratic, but is now in the advance of men who are fighting for Reconciliation and Reform..| Its editor, Dr. George L. Miller,a true. and Pungent writer, is man Whom tho Chadbands end Joseph Sawfaces of the Omaha Tyib- une and Republican - cannot pull down, molest, or moke afraid. He fells tho truth about their jobs and tricks, and they squirm under the fire. In'this fight with Fur- nas, he is vindicated just as the court’ of im- eachment vindicated him in his charge upon avid Butler in 1870. my “Fire-Bo'x,” which hes saved, is saving, and will savo hereafter, millions .of dollars to rail- roads per annum in the consumption : of coal, and will prevent the pnblio from suffering the nuisance of coal-gas and cinders, when riding in cars drawn by locomotives using it. Yours ruly. C. F. JauRIET. CARL SCHURZ. _To the Editor of The Chicago Tribuncs . - SmR: The following sppeered in the New Yorl Staats-Zeitung of -the 12th inat., which I herewith re-translate : - CARL 60HURZ'S INCORRUPTIBLENESS. The Eening Post, of San Francisco, - has the follosing: *Last Saturday, there was exhib- "|ited in the show-window of & broker's office & magnificent sot of diamonds, which was shortly sold to one of our rich meichants. This set of jewela has rather an interesting history. Last winter, one of our large wool-factories, in the northernpart of the city, sent an agent to Washington to complete’ a title to land which had been ‘donated to the :same by the city. This agent was very Lindly re- ceived by Carl Schurz, who assisted him as much as was in his power in prosecuting his just claims. The stockholders. desired to exprees their " gratitude for tihese services, bought the above dismonds, and forwarded them per express to Schurz. ‘Schurz returned the 22,000 jewels with a letter, in which he said that both he and his wife were of the opinion that tho wife of a Senator ought mot to wear diamonds, save such 8s her husband might be able to purchase, and that he, therefore, could not accopt the gift. The donors theroupon re- solved to scll the ornzments, and thus they came to the broker's office. If the disintereat- edness of the Senator needed any verification, this would abundantly prove it.” GENERAL NEWS ITEMS. A cathedral to cost 31,000,000 is projected by Providence (R. I.) Catholica. —The State of Towa counts 162,781 citizens li- eble to do military duty. ) —Galesburg has bought the colloge park of Knox College, for $21,000. & —The New Pork Central Railroad Compan; hes decided to construct o freight track aroun Syracuse. —A shipment of choice California fruit was, recently made from San Francieco to Dublin, Ireland, to fill a specinl order. —A renewed effort is being made to consoli- date Rock Island and Moline, under one city government ; in which case the name of Molino ought to be chosen, leaving Rock Island to des- ignate the Island and its arsenal. —The Gilmore testimonial entertainment at . the Boston Coliscum, last Wednesdsy evening, was & fair success, in spite of stormy weather, —The flouring-mill of Gunday & Burtreyer, at Rockfield, Ind., was burned the 2ith. Loss £30,000, with no insurance. —On the 18th there were due at San Francisco hvenfi%vsesels .from the East and twenty-three from European ports, out over 110 days. —Advices from Fort Garry state that a large body of Sioux Indians is_reported on the road from that settlement. It was not understood swhether they were friendly or otherwise. —The American Missionary Association will hold its annual meeting in the Presbyterian Church, at Racine, Wis., commencing Wednesday next. The Rey. E. P. Goodwin, of Chicago, L1l will preach tho opening sermon. . A principal of a fashionsble private school in New York city, which is attended only by the children of the elifeof that metropolis, writes to the Bureau of Education that there are over $20,000 due the institution under his charge for tuition, and that not one cent can be collected. ~—The Boston Board of Aldermen hes passed 2n order authorizing the extension of Washington street to Haymarket Square, at an estimated ex- pepse of $1,500,000. Tho estimated cost of widening Bchool street to 60 feet on the north- easterly side, and extending it 60 feet wide to Devonshire street, is $1,159,750. —The “laws ” passed by_the last. Legislatura of Pennsylvania meke a volumeof 1,463 pages, and contains 1,145 laws. Of this mass of legis- la:i!on, only 48 laws, covering 75 pages, are gen- eral. —The Cross Gazlle esys that, of the five E}mes in Germany where gaming tables have itherto been allowed, Ems has already closed the doors of its kursaal for the last time, and that the bank’s profits this year amount to about $825,000. Baden-Baden and Nauheim close upon the Slst of October, Wiesbaden and Homburg upon tke 8lst of December. —ALt Jarrow, near South: Shields, England, on the 20th ult., the onter wall, next the Tyne, of the chemical factory belonging to Messrs. Kemins, fellinto the river, carrying withit a series of blenching—Euw&er chambers, and other portions of the works. The damage is estimated 8t$200,000. No lives were lost. —The Montreal stesmer Pictou in going down the Lachine Canal the 24th, collided with the E_Zte of the St. Paul locks, breaking them open. @ accident is not of & serious character. Some days will pmb::g be required for repairs, inter- rupting river trafiic. —The Council Bluffs Republicanfsays: ‘At the low price of corn, and the price it is likely to bring the coming winter, it will undoubtedly. be cheaper for fuel than coal or wood. We have heard persons who have tried the experi- ‘ment say that corn, at 22 cents per_bushel of 72 1bs., was cheaper than soft coal at $7 per ton. It ‘maltes & very hot fire, is easily lighted, will lsst a6 long 88 Boft coal, and i3 much cleaner to use. — Judge Agnew, of the Pennsylvania Supreme Comrt, at Bitiepargh, in his deciaton i tho caa of Barsal rs. Kilpattick, tho oil case, drawsa distinction between gamblors and spéculstors, which is interesting to iness men. The Judge esys substantially that all dealers who op- erate on marging only, without investing orin- tending to invest any other capital in the busi- ness than justenough to pay their * differences,” aro gamblers, and s such are mot entitled fo the protection of law in enforcing their con- tracts. —Conductor J. B. Percy, of the Atlantic & Pacific Roilrond, of Missours, was shot and killed, last Monday night, by & man who had been ejected ot Marshfield Station, for refusing to pay his fare. The murderer, who hes been ar- rested, eayshe is_n resident of Illinois, -and givos his namo as V. T. Corn wall. —From recent arrivals from Pembina it is learned that the Joint Boundary Commissions have located boundary-posts at points 700 feet | north of the posts located by Major Longin 1823, and about 1,100 yerds scuth of the line located by Captain Hezp in 1871. The new lino i gbout 23 miles north of Pembina, and ‘brings the English Custom House inside of our territory. Both commissions are now over at Lzke of the Woods, where they are establishing aline. This, and also one or two imtermedisto glninh!, they expect to-complete by the firat of ovember. The English . Commission will then g0.into winter quarters, which they are building about four miles north of thelinc at Pembina, The American Commission will go to Detroit, Mich., for the_winter, where they will work oul their observations, and get ready for & renewal of their present labors about June 1. % e e s Merle d>Aubigne. 0Of Merlo &’Aubigne, the noted Swies author, who died in Geneva, Oct. 21, Ralph Keoler, in an article on “ Geneva” in Harper's Magazine for November, speaks as follows : “Merlo d'Aubigne has never taken any parb in'the politics of his pative city. A genial old man of 78 years, he lives somotimes 2t his little country house on the lake, sometimes in his apartment in the Rue Eynard. He is the found- er of the Free Church of* Geneva, which differs from the cantonal Protestant Churchin that-it is more like that of our Methodists, and be- lieves in the separation of Church and State ; for it may be necessary to state that the Gove) ment of Geneva carries its liberality in ecclesias- tical matters 80 far 25°to keep up the- establish- ed Protestant Church, and.to pay the Roman Catholic priests besides. The Russians have The testimony is being filled up mountain- high as to the truth of the Herald's charge. The trial will take place in November, unless the suit be withdrawn, which will probably be done. But, if & trislis had, the result will be much worke than the confession, which will bo the natural verdict upon & withdrawal of the suit. But then we have grown under the admin- istration of thieves; why not under the admin- istration of perjurers? i Quie. " —_— THE “JAURIET FIRE-BOX.” AUROR, TIL, Oct, 23,1872, o the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: 8m: The able article upon’ the Locomotive, published in Monday's TRIBUNE, in Teference to my “Fire-Box " and myself, misspelled myname, or rather used another name, C. F. Jowett, in place of my own, C. F. Jauriet. 1 would not trouble you to correct this error, a8 my “Fire-Box,” among railroad men, is pop-, ularly known as the “ Jauriet Fire-Box;” -but an | article 80 able, exha ustive, and interesting, will T predict, be read very gederally in this and per-"| ‘haps fl:liaign ‘countries. It would bo a source of ersoni ghould e correctly published in connection with gratification, therofore, that my namo | one of their magnificont gilded churches here. The English have their ‘church, and the Jews their synagogue. So that any class of peoplo bave & right, like those following Merlo &Aubigne, to support themselves in perfect re- ligious freedom. 1It.is now over forty years sinco_the listorian of the Reformation estab- lished this Swiss Methodism, and it aiready Lns its_connections_in France, ltaly, Great Britain, and the United Bfates. Merle d'Aubigne has for years beon at the head of the theological echool in Geneva, teaching its doctrines. The students .come. to him .now when ho does mot feel strong enough to go out. Ho had jusé dismissed & class from his dining-room, on_ the afternoon of my visit. Therois something gcholarly in the kind old man's face. His eyes look all the brighter for their heavy, . over-archirg eyebrows. He speaks English admirably, :ud one of his twen- ty published volumes it in’ that language. It i8 called ¢ Germany, Englaad, and Scotland ; or Recolloctions of & Swiss Minister.” It was ‘printed in London in 1848.' His second wife, the mother of his youvg, family, is an Irish lady. e has a brother in the United States, who, I Lave been told, lostn geod deal of money for him~in our civil_war. Bathe is still by no — GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL ABUSES. Exposure of Secretary Boutwell Recent Operations. Speech by the Hon. James Brooks, ¢ New York. Special Despatch to The Chicaga Tribune, NEw Yomx, Oct. 23, 1872, One of the most notable and importar speeches of the year is that by the Hon. Jame¢ Brooks, of this city, delivered in New Haven o the 18th inst. It treats of Government finar cial abuses, and contains 3 startling exposure ¢ Boutwell's recent operations, and their giganti profits to his favorites in Wall street. A Brooks eaid: “ On Oct. 4, greenbacks and gold having bee made scarca in Wall streot artificially, of course gold being high and stocks low, Governmer was invoked to interfere on that da Gentlemen distinguished for their operations i Wall street and in Washington were in consnlt: tion with the Assistant Secretary of the Trea: ury, the Sceretary not being in Washingtor but stumping in Indiana. What was done wa done by General Grant’s own interference wit. the Treasury, upon the solicitation of two Ne York benkers and brokers; and the fact wa ° kept secret from all others but their own cligue until the Monday following. The Governmen operators in secret began to operate and to pro fit on their secret Iate on Fridsy after noon, and they had from Oct 4 to Oct. 7 secretly to operat in, not only in New York, but in Boston, Phila delphis, Baltimore, Chicago, and elsewhere. Or Saturday, other Wall street operators began te see, from the operations of the pets and favor ites of the Government, that something was i1 the wind, and some followed suit and profitec thereby. But the secret was not publicly knowt to the whole street, or to the country, till Oct 7,—Monday. Mr. Boutwell, in Septémber, hat given out his usual notice, in advance of how much gold he would sell in Octo- ber, and how many bonds he wouic buy. On Mondsy, Oct. 7, it was officially an- nounced that the Government would sel 25,000,000 in gold and bay €5,000,000 in bonds in addition to the cfficial notice heretofor¢ given. The effect waa electrical in Wall Street. and not only there, but among moneyed men al over the country; with the additional hint that, if this did not do for the speculators, £4£,600,000 of greenbacks would be reissued to inflate the currency. Now, I am not going to indulge ir - any figares of ggech on the table I hold in my hand, and t I am about to submii to you, bot in figures of _ fact. I am ‘going to show that possession of this secret was worth millions to somebody, and the ossessors of it, I have no donbt, made a mil- ion at least,—not all, it may be, for themselves, for an election took Tghce in Pennsylvanis, cn Tuesday ensuing, The table shows the moves ments in stocks from Oct. 4 to Oct. 18, and the rofits of the two weeks’ speculation to some- gady, the chief profits of whick were doubtless ta those who had the great secret of Fridzy.” Mr. Brooks here exhibited an accurate table, showing that the zggegsta advance of activa American securities” from Oct. 4 to Oct. 18, exceeded $41,000,000.. Mr. Brooks proceeded: “When the Treasury Department made this sudden and remarkable deviation from its rega- lar monthly programme for October, announced only a few days previous, money on call, with pledge of stock securities, w28 worth as -high s 3 of 1 per cont per diem, or, in planer terms, 91X per cint er annum; while prime mercartile paper was siscmmtadin open market at 12 to 15 per cent per annum. After the outflow of gold sed reenbacks from theTreasury on account of thi [arge operation, money on call in Wall strect de- clined from 913 per cent per annum to 5 and G per cent, with exceptions a3 low es 1 and 2 por cent, while mercantile peper do- clined only from 12 end 15° per cemt to 9 and 12 per cont. Thus it will be foen tab tho speculafars wera enabled to obtain money ab 5 decline of abont 85 _per cent per annum, whils ‘merchants could get it only three per cent chegr- er. This shows the complete farce of calliig the Treasury gold esle and bond purchase s movement _to assist merchante. Gold on Friday, October 4, was 1143/@115, when the Trepsury clique com: menced to sell, and on Friday and Szturiay ‘many millions were sold on short contracts st a lerge profit. Foreign exchange has advenced 2 por cent in gold, which operates ageinst tlo merchants, who have to make Temittances al this season.” e The New York State Parks. From the Albany Argus. At the Jate session of the Legialature an act was passed establishing & Commission of Stato Parks for the State of New York, Horatio Sey- mour, Patrick H. Agan, William A. Wheeelr, Vers planck Colvin, and in B. Hough were ap pointed Commissioners under- his act, to held office for two years, to serve withoutcompensa- tion. Itismede the duty of ‘these Commission- ers fo inquire into the expediency of providing for vesting in the State the titlo to the timbered Tegions lying within_the counties of Lewis, Es- sex, Clinton, Franklin, St. Lawrence, Herkimex and Hamilton, snd converting the same into a public park ; such Commissioners to report tha Tesult of their labors, together with such sug- estions 2a they may haveto present to tha ¥ ogislaturo st ita noxt session. e . Verplanck Colvin has been especially diii~ gent in attending to this business. Under hi personal superintendence, the survey, for this Beason, was commenced in July—the southern portion of Hamilton connw’f being first entered, and the work thence -advanced into Warren County. Afterwards the work of triangulating the numerous mountain summits of the Adiron- dacks was undertaken, and stations were select- edon Lake Champlain from which, 2s a base, the angular observations were graduslly and laboriously performed, and connected over tha ‘whole monntain wilderness region. Besides climbing and meesuring nearly all tha higher Adirondack peaks, and locating them by theodolite observations, 3t Seward was ngain ascended and measured, and one night was assed in camp nearly upon the open crest, it eing very ol and snowing. Subeequently tha lake region we ventered, and the remainder of the season was principally devoted to the loca~ ting and mapping of both lakes and rivers. The first boat ever placed upon Lakes Colden znd Avalanche was this season hewn by the guides from a cedar tree, and with its aid eoundings ‘were made in both the lakes mentioned. From the Beaver River country, on the 17th inst., the high Adirondack peaks Were seen cov- ered with snow g;oeanting 3 magnificent sppeat- ance. Thonugh bears and deer have been plenti- 1ul, neither the party nor their gnides have had time to pursue them ; yet many interesting nat~ ural historical observations have been made. FPassing down Beaver River, they emerged ab Zs[.ovavilla, in Lewis County, résching this ity on. undsy. - Indian Outrages in Hocod County, Texas—General DMcKenzie’s Battlo with the Eedskins. £ Weatherford, (Oct. 1(4;_ Co)rr{apfindmfl of the Dallas ex.) News. : Deeming the Indian news just received of some_interest to your patrons, I state bmflzE that hmuim bya an&m direct from Fo; Griffin, despatch from General McEenzie to Colonel Wood, commanding post at Fort Griffin, states that Geperal McRenzie hod fought a heavy body of Indians, k.i.u.ixfig twenty-three men and capturing 120 women and children, which he sent to Griffin. Colonel Woods refused to show the official despatch,—supposed cause being the number of ldl[gd and wounded of his own men. The escort says one man killed and twelve or fif+ teon wounds . A lady in the edge”of Hood County was killed last night with two of her children, also another Iady wounded. A posse was in close pursuit 'when they crossed the Palo Pinto road this morn« ing early, about nine miles from this place. Rattlesnakes Fighting. From the Des Are (Ark.) Citizen, 3r. W. H. Dickson, who lives near Des Arc, while passing through an old fiold grown up with weeds, his attention attracted by a noiso a few rods distant, and went to gce what caused it. He discovered two large rattlesnakes fighting, and watched the battlo for Sometime. They would raise their heads noarly three foct from tho ground and strike at each ofher, insert= ing their poisonous fangs in the bodios of each, and then release themselves and do_the sams thing overagain, During the fight they would occasionally emit a white looking fluid from their moutbs. M. Dickon shot one of them, and the other escaped. He afterwards found the other dead near where the battle was fought, One of them was five feet long, large, and had soventeen rattles. The other was six feet long, slender, and hod twenty-six rattles. This is tha firat time wo ever heard of rattesnakes fighting. m -~ His English edition of the *Hi: ta?‘}‘“.fg‘l}’,‘;’m@mmn ? ias had an Almost un- l paralleled sale in Great Bitain.” : It is death to the victor a3 well &s to tho yane quighed.