Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 4, 1925, Page 19

+ .. Big Advance Tn Last Year| SUNDAY, JANUARY 4, 1925 adio Scores Tineuatan ut Heat - Light and Power Now Forecast BY EDNA MARSHALL (Copyright 1924,-Casper Tribune) Radto international broadcasting, téle-vison and the transmission of lght, heat and power by wireless are forecast for the coming year in radio by experts ho have surveyed past and present progiess and attempted to appraise prospects’ for the immdetate future telephony, i. ai It will not be long before it 's pos siblé, under favorable conditions, to | connect telephone subscribers in the United States* with telephone su! scribers In European countries, pe mitging them to talk w th each oth dg ithey would from San Franetsco New York, in the opinion of J. D Ellsworth, vice «president th American Telephone and Telegraph: company. ¢ Through the co-operation of the telephone company and the Radi Corporation of America a group -of men in New York not long ago an swered queres sent to them tb) cable from London, England, hav {ng no broadcasting station equipped to answer back, With installation by the British Post office of a 200 k. w, radio telephone plant at their new station at Rugby, England, cx pected to be completed withn six months, the first real step. will be taken fn the direction of interna tional telephony. The success of the experiment between these tw countries, Mr. Ellsworth predicts will be followd by other countries join ng to organize a world-wide sys tem: 2. International Broadcast International broadcasting, too, is proving. a success, and soon there will be some progress planned for al’ the world, International broad. cast ng of concerts, and speeches re ceived a definite impetus within’ the past month when the _countrie’ which have developed radio to an Jegree—the United States, Canad» England, France, Germany, Bel cium, Spain, Italy, Australia, Ar gentina, Braz'l. Chile, Japan an¢ even China—hushed their local send ng to experiment with long distance eception. The programs were heard clearly by stations all over the world. Light, Heat and Power Qne of America’s” leading set manufacturers {s now’ developing a system of transmitting I'ght, heat and power by radio, ‘which he ex: pects to have completed in time to introduce it at the second radio world's fair in New York next fall. Another inventor is workng to perfect a. plan by which receiving sets can be attached to house elec- tric currents and the intr.cacies of battery hitch-ups, together with the neei of constant recharging, will be olished. Developments of the radio tndus- try in the past year ~have been as tounding. Radio has become the in- fant prodigy. of trades. Following the automobile, the motion picture and the airy if has taken a chief..place sin public interest~ It has worked its way into the center of this nation’s comms ial life, and estimates are that the radjo indus- try has taken more than $350,000, 000 out of the pockets of the na- tion’s during the past year and that mor@ than 30,000,000. persons tened in” by radio on the elect! campaigns, Manufacturers that within the next year 4,000,000 homes will be equipped with’ sets of the more ensi type. Scope of the Infant Industry. An idea of the, hold radio. has taken on the country may be ga! ed from the fact that there are 3.500 manufacturers’ of radio sup. plies; 1,200 wholesale distributors and jobbers; 30,000 retail dealers: 1,250 newspapers carrying columns of adio programs and news: 30 periodicals devi ng their pages ex clusively to radio and 50 magazines carrying ratio sections. The accomplishments of rafio during the past year have been apace with its growth in popularity. Perhaps the most startling of them all was the transmission of photo- praphs from London to New York early in November by the Radio corporation and the transm'sston of handwriting only a few days back. ‘Although photographs. had been sent by telephone ftom Cleve- land to New York during the Re Pubiican national convention and from New York to Chicago the like nesses of President Coolidge, Sec- retary Hughes and others sending by wireless acroas the sen was an astounding achievement. A reluc- tion of the time required for trans- miss‘on to half or a third of the present 15 to 26 minutes with a con- sequent decrease in the cost of $200, will, experts. and business men geree, ‘undoubtedly result in the commercializing of the process, and a transoceanic service for publica Marconi Predicts Revolution. conl, the discoverer of w're: edicts a revolution {n radio » innovation of short wave niesion. High power- ions, he says, will be scrapped and rep'acel by small, cheap stations doing more at» loss cost. ‘The application of short wave length, he “says, sends — messiges aud programs with a fraction of _the power necessary hitherto, at @ Sreater speed and with less fikeli- hood of the’ signals be:ae affected by atmospheric conditions so that service nay be anore continuous. Certainly the experiments con- ducted by Westignhouse Llectric ‘How to Select a Receiving Set Prices Fit All Pocketbooks and Every | Taste Is Reflected in Models Offered for New Year. By PAUL McGINNIS, For the year 1925 there is an unusual amount of good radio feceivers, each catering to some particular taste, and to make a wise selection it is necessary to know at the vations sets will do. Some can be operated by a novice and others need delicate tuning for best results. Some, like automobiles, have mediocre machinety inside luxu- rious cabinets, and others are Sesigned to produce results without ap- pealing to the artistic eye. In general, the results to-be expected from g receiver depend upon the number of tubes it contains. The tubes are the bulbs inside, which iat le electric lights. Hach tube should help to make the programme louder, * A set using but one tube may reach out as far as one which uses a dozen, although this is not the rule. Such a set must have a goo wire on the roof for an aerial and must be carefully operated. It re- produces the programmes with headphones and is not powerful enough to operate a horn or loud speaker. Such a set costs from $12 to $40, A set still simpler, whicn ds excellent for hvaring local pro- grammes, uses a crystal instead of a tube, and may be bought for $6 or even less. After the siugle-tube set comes the one which employs one or two tubes for audio-frequency amplifi- sation, Such amplification can be added to any one-tube set... Three tubes used in this way, one for the first unit or detector, and two for the amplifier, will operate a loud speaker) tuning in many stations out of town, Such a set costs from with a lodp its 1 ecessary to use 440 to,$150 with accessories. |from five to eight tubes or more The three-tube set will not régch| jn 9 radio-frequency hook-up or out much farther than the one-tube | with a superheterodyne, receiver. In order ta produce) “4 joop must be tured in the greater, volume:for a oud speaker | proper direction to receive best and tune in more distant stations, gnq jr may need adjustment for tubes must be-added ahead of tha | gach station. In this way it helps detector tube, and such amplifica |to separate two or more stations tion is called radio-frequency. ‘The which interfere with each other. common radio-frequency set .usea| . Loop receivers reproduce broad- tive tubes, although somq good| cast programmes as well as those ones employ but four tubes, pw hich, have outside aerials and are The radio-frequency sets Eo ee for many places. ‘WIRE ON ROOF NOT NEEDED FOR SET In buying-a radio set one of the most important considerations is that of the nerial—whether the user wants a wire on the roof or a lopp of wire beside his receiver, A wire on the, roof pn an outside aerial takes more energy from the air than-a loop and cohsequently produces gvod resuics with a lesa expensive set. In general, a three- tube set with an outdoor antenna will accomplish .s much as a fivo- tube set with a loop. Tm orden to span great distances are simple to operate in spite ot their size, using but two or three| Worn Rheostat,Makes Under favorable conditions,’ suea, Announcer Stammer sets havo received programmes | ge" the “JOUR gpeaken Such sete |DOumee™™: was accused of stammer- fost between $100 and $200 jing by one fan when his rheostat Practical when the recelver has was a carbon powder rheostat, and more than five thes, and 80, t9/ine powder had become caked 80 dials for tuning in all stations. | | One of the well known radio ah- ‘rom distant stations regularly Radio-frequency is not considerea began to show signs of old age. It make a more sensitive receiver, the super-heterodyne principle is usea,| ‘at contact was too good in some Such a set may employ from six to} places and poor in others. ten tubes or more, with only two! dials for tuning: There are other adjustments to make in the Jerger to The carbon rheostat is such a valuable aid in fine tuning that manufacturers have worked out good types to meet the large de- mand. The good ones function well, but those of inferior quality Mmay_ produce the stuttering effect after a while, and they also may sets, and they aré more difficu tune than the smaller receive ‘hey represenf the utmost in multi- dube sets, and cost from $200 to y bes when they are not in use. The parallel“connection of cells | Pe ae ay ane ao es a Js used when a greater amount of | comp! cut-off arrangement, so electricity than 1s available from] that no current at all can pi ME Nurs! - DUM-DE i Station KDKA at East ee ee national event must be on a 100 meter wave length, and by} delivertd (to local stations regular- the. General. Blectiic ‘company at|is. One principle of long distance WGY, Schnectad,-on 106 t mitting > i#-* superspower-send- meters have met with succe stu} ng from one station with such long digtance reception, | power that it will cover great areas. With Internationn! | broadcasting The other is by re-broadcasting, in its infancy, national broadcasting Re-Zoning of Country. fy. now assured. and will bef Perhapy the ‘greatest .plece | of quent gn the” premise: thut » every avork) thy tie-potenual consequences; How to Boost Current) #low current to leak through the | fhe Tasner Sunnav. Trifune | The Home ! Coprrisht, 1925, Premier Syndicate, Inc. i odio age | PAGE SEVEN. cil The first giant station erected near New York will to ing to current rumor. Some 40,060 watts of power will 6e used, while other local stations are using about 500. As the station is to be well outside the Metropolitan district, | the new wave may not cause great interference, it is explained. Long bain has previously been looked upow favorably by engineers as a location for stations of high power The new radio policy of the De- partment of Commerce regarding increased power for broadcasters sets the initial limit at 1,500 watts on an experimental basis. An~in- crease in powersto 6,000 watts may be permitged, in jumps of 600 watts. provided it is shown that public interest is served by the stations so licensed, A close watch over these develop- ment sfations will be conducted by radio supervisors to ascertain whether or.not undue interference in reception or the blanketing of lowe~powered stations results, in which case the power must be re- duced. This action un the part of the Commerce officials follows recommendations of the National Fewer Distance Fans in Great Britain The distance fan {s not as com- mon among the English listeners as among the Americans, due largely to the fact that the majority of the outfits in England |are crystal sets. There are, how- ever, a considerable number of fans who are extremely interested in receiving distant stations, and the transatlantic tests were very popula: England, with twenty stations on May 1, 1924, has almost exactly the same number of stations in pro- | portion to its population as the United States has with five hun- dred, it is pointed out. Eng- ‘and’s stations are more advan- tageously located, however, assur- |ing the major portion of the popu- lation /reception on crystal sets. How to Make Special Soldering Copper Soldering coppers for small spe- cilaized work can be made to Suit the conditions from number four copper wire. A three-inch lengtn can have a hole drilled in one end for the insertion of an fron handle wire, and the cther end can be sawed or filed to the shape wanted, | For some work a wedge-shaped end | is best, other kinds may require « | point. | | Regulates Voltage A potentiometer is a device which permits a lower voltage to be obtained than that of the source B of the jast year in radio was the rezoning of the country into six territorial districts, instead of five, and the alloting to stations of new wave lengths by the department of ommeree. The range of wave lengths assigned to broadcasting has been widenéd to include those be- tween, 200 and 5645 meter#® This wil amuke receiving “difficult _- for Super: be: be somewhere in New Jersey, accord CRACK f° Zack / | Tore pretentious $150.00 to $ 300-00 Radio Conference Power to overcome static and iny crease 12 , but tt’ does not ap- } ply to projected’ super-power sta- | dons of 25 to bt KW. Many in- quiriés for increases of power have been received, but no specific re- quest for the erection of a station of over 5,000 watts has been filed | In defining the policy the Com merce Department states: Licenses for the use, in broad- casting, of power up to 5,000 watts |on'a purely experimental basis will | be issued under the following con- ditions | 1. Experiments may be carried on only after due notice to the |supérvisor of radio of the district, jand must be at all times under, the | control and regulation of the sper- | visor and the department | 22. ations operating under. ex mental licenses may at the out- use a power input to the an- j tents not exceeding 1,500 watts. FADING SIGNAL IS PUZZLE "TO FANS Variations in signal strength, or peri se “fading,” generally occur at in- | tervals during reception over dis tances of one hundred miles or more. However, there are records of fading from «tations less than phenomenon is caused by some j local condition.’ According to ob- servations taken by Greenleaf: W: | Pickard; and reported to the In- stitute of Radio Engineers, there is a gradual decrease in signal strength from morning to night, | the former often having twice the |intensity of the afternoon signal | Soon after sunset the signals reach | great volume, rising ste adily {minute after minute until those |from distant points assume the strength of locals, During the night the signal fluct- uations are much more marke }than during thé same day, and a | low period is reached which is ap proximately the same as the late afternoon signal, There are times, however, at night when the signal often reaches a lower level than at any time during the day, Many explanations are offered as to the cause of fading, but none seems to be entirvly. satiefactory We know that changes in signal intensity accompany a certain ¢loudy formation called “mackerel” sky, and we have observed that sometimes low signal audibility ac- | companies low temperatures, but we are yet in the dark about the phenomenon. Fading may occur at one frequency and not in an- other. Two stations in Chicago may be received at the same time and one will fade while the éther continues strongly. Insulator Has Charge oe LL ANG Station Wil Use 40,000 Watts for additional+Whenever the radio supervisor of This ig te2 miles away, indicating that the | YOOR LIFE * ood pra S40-00 ro BJ ical 50:00. receiver eee |the district and the department are satisfied that the public inter-| est is served by the use of such| e increased power and that no undue| Design of interference with other stations or | with receiving sets results, its use By J. Fed. may be continued, All applicants} ne wave length range of the Fi for ich Hoenses must agree in| advance they will reduce the power | Stants of the cofls and condensers. of the stants are t for each of the two filters and sixt The filter variable condens: used during the course of the ex- these o nt perimentation whenever the de partment or the supervisor of radio deems such a course to be in the | ict public interest and so directs. microfarads and the secondary vari 3. If as a result of the experi-|.00025, or a twenty-three mentation above specified, the use| ‘The fixed condenser across the phone of the be in the public interest and the ‘According to Edward M. Feency,+ station desires to arther pete PR iheeeeee eal Lorne No. 172 Beach One Hundred and | lowed in successive steps of 600| Fifth street, Rockaway Beach, N watts, and experiments may be/| Y., be is having great succe: with | carried on at each of such increased |the set. He says: stages, under-the same conditions| “Since writing you about the and restrictions as are above specl| wonderful success of my Filter fled for the first increase. \\ Leelee j : 4. Thp department anticipates dit-| Tuner I have seqn about ten other flculty in laying.down any general|sets made by other Filter Tuner rule which will be of universal ap-|fans. ‘They were all fine on vol- plication to all such stations. It}ume ana selectivity, and crystal |g a separate entity and deal with clear, but many of them made with it according to the local conditions| hand-wound cojls could scarcely retreat. reach WEAF on 492 meters. One of the fans was getting poor re- sults and I suggested that he get |low-loss condensers to replace the erior type he was using, Then it surely did percolate.” This letter points out a common |fault of coils wound by hand. The | windings are not made tightly or Jalso the, aerial tuning condenser,|Closely and the finished coil has }and the fact that by the loose form)an inductive value lower than that | of coupling employed the variation| specified. jot a set using an untuned primary| ther conditions may be respons!- is kept at a minimum, thereby pre- i ee ate | venting squeals and whistles in|ble for the fallure o| | neighboring sets when the set is|reach the higher wave bands. Or-| oscillating. dinarily the Filter Tuner made ac- | The untuned of perlodic prim-|¢oraing to the directions will tuno| ary is a circuit which has noj°c% tee eat ; Jnatural period of vibration, put|hetween 260 meters on the low |when inductively coupled with afside and about 650 meters on the | tuned cireuft it is capable of falling| high side® If it does not go above jinto resonance at whatever fre- quency to which the tuned circuit | jis adjusted, | } Current Flows When censer used in the filter circuit. Circuit Is Closed To test the capacity of this con- The continuous conducting path | denser {s difficult for the non-tech- followed by an electric current is} but by short circuiting nical fan, called an électric circuit.’ All elec-| ; ‘ ; |trle clroults must be comp vted or | Me copectins vy determined It It closed before @ current can flow.|\, ‘tog low. When the condenser The circuit consists of two main 14 shorted the set should tune up to |Untuned Primary Has Many Advantages The advantages of the untuned | primary over the old tuned prithary are many, the most prominent | being the elimination of one or two |sets of antenna tuning tape, and is something wrong in the censers or the coils, Quite likely the trouble lies in the fixed con- | 492 meters, which is WEAF, there | con-| (Mistakes Alter Wave Length |Loosely Wound Coils or Condensers of Inferior Grade May Spoil New Set. MAHER. ilter Tuner depends upon the con- According to the specifications y-tive turns for the primary, forty turns for the secondary. has a maximum capacity of .0005 able condenser has a capacity of rnd an eleven plate condenser respectively. s has a capacity of .002 microfarads ditional power. is found to| nq the fixed condenser in the filter ciroult has a capacity of .001, TEXTBOOK OF NAVY RADIO IS READY The U. S. Naval Institute an- nounces that the sixth edition of “Robinson's Manual of Radio Tele- graphy and Telephony” {s off the press, and copfes may be purchased from the institute at Annapolis, Maryland. The new book contains 900 pages of information on modern radio apparatus of beth practical and theoretical interest. Modern scientific explanations of the principle involved are de- soribed in terms understgndable to the novice, and {Ilustrattons are used freely wherever the point of the written matter is obscure, The manual presents the subject in three sections, the first of which embraces general theory and de tailed description of transmitting and receiving instruments, fie sec | ond section being devoted to radio measurements, and the third, te “aseful information,” including ele- mentary mathematics and laws and regulations governing radfo commu- nication, Detector Works Best on Strong Signal The detector ig essentially a yol- tage operated device, consequently branches, one comprising — the 4 rs, and if it does not the | source of the current and the other |(¥ meters. and if It | oF ene external circuit through) Many fans get tlie connections to| break occurs anywhere in the ling |!0 Second filter coll reversed: This | ‘ coil, which is fn the plate circuit Hie circaltis aaig tolbeYopen. will, produge regeneration which Use Old Clips over way it is connected, but it wil decrease the wave length range When in need of some good bind | the set to a point around 400 mete ing posts with which to complete |if {t is not connected correctly. your set go to your stood of worn-|(juently this is the cause « out batteries—A, B or C—and ap-|trouble pointed out by Feen | : sitive | through the filame: ft rary Ee sonsia | Pro he terminal clips. These|!t is correcte x one cell is desired. The ‘positive! ' the filaments of the tu) of the current. Its use in radio Every insulator can be consia | Propriate t | | when they are turned off. The _, s i come off easily ty bending. When|vvdient of tak ing terminals of all the cellsynre con-| poorer grades must be used with | Tcevers {s principally in connec-| ered to be a fixed condenser with |.orr a little hole may be drilleiito the plate abe nected together and the negative | ¢ witch, so that they | ton with the grid return voltage | the insulating solid as the dielectri n one end, and the post fastened|and splicing it to ory terminals are also conne [ne|can be disconnected completely regulation. It is connected across| and the metal fittings of the insu-| by a screw in the usual way, or|lead coming from t! and voltage remains the same, but the} from the circuit when the set is;the “A” battery, and its movabls/|later, or the wire connections, as|eise the post may be soldered in| by cc ecting the to the current capacity is increased. tutned oft arm goes to the grid connection. | the plates of the condenser. place. | plate . ® oie. RADIO ROBERT _ -:- - “i -i- -i- He didn’t kno wants Y \ 6 G : ’ ‘ z WY NO Ss ve RADIO’ Goins 3 IM ALL FOLL N ,N Ww) ” TOP Ag Har | DA -DE OF Speep— You MUSTAY * ar ID, 175 Just pUM- DIDDLE | WONDER. Oc HAT YouR ABOUT DRIVIA W WANG owners of the | selective sets, and may result in an increased purchase of the more expensive outfits, if high powered stations are th be turned out in favor ones. On the other “hand, greater distance will .be covered, and the owners of less effective ets will be compensated in the possible ped tom in“ the costof the "ube vel of low powered Programs Improved. some time t Partly through this taking out any aS biggest programs to the ire} tons will ex country and partly throu. the|¢ach other growing popularity of ra pro pay ae! (9 reo har grams have {mproved duri the | casting » 8 Hr ? p ve Material for cams, | perform broadcasters say, will not be Iacking| concert | dn. either quality or quaulty for! Minor improvements Lee the’ greater voltage applied to the detector the more efficiently it wil operate. For this reason, it is ad visable ‘o amplify before detection An amplification of ten times be fore detection gives one hundred tir the response in the tele phones. This is explained by the fact that the detector operates on t quare law. On the same reas \g, @ radio-frequency amplif jon of five times is equal to 1 audfo-frequency amplification of wenty-five time Pipe Cleaner Is Help A pipe cleaner will enable you to clean the dust from between the plates of your variable condenser If this dust {s allowed to accumu- late, {t will form a path for the |high-frequency radio current to leak across. This will cut down the volume of your set, and wil) also make it less selective, w the kid was so strong | SEE WIAST Youve DONE You NAUGLITY Roy? You NEEDA | GOOD SPANKIN'? until a qual achieved, assur sotion ed toe gh vlinination of the horn,