Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 20, 1919, Page 5

aire ft rey) GEG pit Y; FEBRUARY 20, 1919 All Important Subject of Session Discussed from Historical and Chiarch Standpoint by Dr. W. H. Bradley That the League of Nations program as advanced by President. Wilson and other differs from those preceding it only in its application and scope, was the declaration of. Dr. Walter H. Bradley in his Sunday morning sermon Biche tape byterian church. Tracing the origin of such. con! © down thr uthe ages from the time when the family first con- stituted the unit of power. Dr. Brad- ley spoke of the League of Nations as “an ideal of world peace, a vision of the day when the fruits of the spirit of God shall ripen in the garden of life.” A crowded church gave attentive interest to a review of the subject, the text of which was drawn from Isa. 2:4. Historical elements were re- called, beginning with Biblical proph- ecy and leading down to present-day suggestions which give promise of realizing what the prophet foresaw in the misty ages. Dr, Bradley spoke in part as follows: ““The prophet was foreseeing the latter day when Jehovah would judge between the nations and rebuke many peoples. ‘He maketh wars to cease unto the ends of the earth. He break- eth the bow and cutteth the spear in sunder. He burneth the chariot in a fie.’ (Psalms 46:9) ‘They shal] beat their swords into plowshares and | their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword again nation, neither shall they learn war any more,’ (Isa. 2:4.) “This propheck of more than 2500, years ago is the more notable because in the prophet’s day contention had sown the earth with dragon’s teeth| and each year reaped a new crop of armed men. Yet he uttered this azlorious prediction of a time when “by the head of the strongest clan, | justified the schoolmaster who forged |@ 8 Nate Sie eae Se there should be no more war—a vision. of the day when all men should learn of God and the word of His! revelation, and when God’s will of justice and righteousness should gov- ern even the relations of nations, a! time ‘when all men’s good shall be} each man’s rule and universal piece lie like a shaft of light across the land and like a lane of beams across} the sea.’ (Tennyson—‘The Golden Year,’) lasting victories are those of peace and not of war, that peace is of the} nature of a conquest in which both} parties are subdted. and neither lases. “Surely today we may take the | time to study the latest project to do away with one of the most terri- ble curses of mankind of which one of the most dreadfub features is that | it is studied and practiced and glori-| this. provigian,.was, oft repeated in fied as an art—the art of war. Humanity has long been seeking political stability. Thru req history the political unit has been growing in size and the area of in- ternal peace has broadened: From pose have formed leagues or al- liances. hTese have followed cer- tain principles and taken certain courses and have been actual tho im-| the world, caused the forming of | perfect steps toward unity and har-| combination and leagues and alliances | | against him and on his part there '$ “Men talk today as if a League of | Was a system of dependent kingdoms | | and governments that was in effect {3 mony. Nations were a last year’s discovery, born and invented in the fertile brain of a statesman of today. As a mat- ter of fact it. is as old as our knowledge of what man has been ding on the earth. The project of today is new only in some of its features as suggested. What it will lgok like when it comes from the council table.na.man can yet say. Let us look briefly at the history of leagues and alliances. “The family was and is the original political unit with the father as king, priest and teacker, Out of the family grew the clan governed by the strongest family and out of the clan stage grew the tribe governed Here, might .was right. We are shocked at the present breakup in Russia or at tribal rule in Africa, but itis because we have only. lost sight of the way by which our fore- fathers, reached our stage of political attainment. -Russia is but reverting to a former type beyond which the tribes of Africa have never developed. “In time the tribe with the clear- est idea of what it wanted came to the fore. Just rule always bred tribal devotion. _ Because of her sense of justice Rome. c: Place in the world ahd Roman Taw is yet powerful-in the councils of men. ‘From)the,tribes grew the nations and thru the friction and rivalry of ideals developed more or less of different types of culture. Perhaps the first and most notable example that comes to mind was the Hebrew nation ‘with its twelve constituent . tribes, the only common bond of which, was the Jewish religion and. whose .jeal- ousies and rivalries finally Ied to, division and destruction. “This. Heb; the Deliat, Athenian, Spartan and Achaean leagues in Greece and the numberless others of that early pero were formed . largely. along racia| lines, a common blood and a common speech. To the Greeks all who spoke another tongue were barbarians. “When the Romgn state begari its career of expansion another element. was added, The personal rights af the individual, whoever he mig it be, ‘came under the guardianship and He saw that the real and} orded | e to the first | w.nation-in Palestine, | PEAGE CONGRESS PROMISES 10 FINFILL PROPHECY World Conferéitce Now in confederations | ———__________ | uarantee of Roman law. Even.,the | foreigner and the conquered tribes- | man had rights, less indeed than that of the Roman citizen but +t valu- able. In time Roman citizenship was extended even to ‘the provinces, and | | men like Paul and Apostle could when accused utter. the magic woris, “T appeal to Caesar,” and to Caesar/ j they must go, Rome never rose to} |the point of according equal rights to all men, as America does, but on} the Roman sense of, justice, the, best | of the day, Rome lived fo ra thous- | and years... ‘ : ( f | “When Rome fell thea fell the} | world of the olden times... In, the! chaos of the dark ages the only }bond of union, the only point of | light, was the Church of Rome, whose | head the pope at times made or un-| made the emperors of that league of states that was called the Holy Ro- man Empire? . “From the coronation of Charle-| magne on Christmas day in the year 800 t othe treaty of Westphalia, that closed the 30-years’ war in 1648, this so-called Roman empire that was neither holy nor Roman,..nor.an em- Pire. It dominated the thot and the policies of western Europe, but ReveE | Succeeded in developing institutions of its own nor in winning men’s af- fections to itself. . When its crown | was formally renounced by the ; emperor of Austria in 1806 during the Napoleonic wars there were none to mourn its passing. i “The political ,combinationg that fostered the Crusades in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were tem- porary alliances for the special pur- pose of freeing the Holy Sepulchre | of Christ from the defiling. hands. of | the infidel.. They never. became ac- tualleagues of nations,and may, be | “The treaty of Westphalia of. 1648 provided that ‘all and each, of the contracting parties * * * shall be held to defend and maintain all and each of the dispositions of this peace against whomsoever it may be, with- out distinction. of religion.’ .. “It was therefore the first league | of nations in the modern, sense, and later .instruments down to the time | of the French revolution. Its weak- | ness. was. the theory, that the state; | existed to support.and glorify the! ruler instead the ruler being the | , chief servant of the state, preserving the peace of Europe. “The career of Napoleon with his, ) overmastering ambition to overrule | Napoloenic league. i “When he was eliminated from” | Rolitics in 1815 as his imatator, Wil-|@ Because | ‘ earliest times these units by whatever of this fatal failure, to recognize the named called have sought to co-oper-' rights of the people the leagues from |¢4 ate for certain ends and for this pur-| 1648 to 1789 were. utter. failures in| callad ‘innocuous desuetude,’ “How history repeats itself! At the congress of Vienna in 1815 France, just over her Napoleonic orby, was denied a seat at the coun-| cil table, as Germany, just over her William II orgy is denied a seat at Versailles today, until Talleyrand actually forced his way into the de-| liberations., “Qn the ruins of the Holy Alliance | -was built.the Germanic confedera- | tion in. which ‘ia. and Austria were the dominating figures until 1866, when Prussia expelled Austria and stood alone until 1871. When, fter the Franco-Prussian war, in ich. she ‘bled France white,’ the German empire was proclaimed at Versailles and William I was crowned in the palace of the Bourbons. “The Triple Allance that muddied the waters of European goodwill for almost 40 years began with the sign- ing of a treaty between Germany and Austria October 7, 1879. Germany claimed that her interests compelled | her to prevent Austria’s being de-| strayed. Italy was forced én but was always restless. Rumania came in} and the near-eastern question of the Baltic states became the hornet’s nest of Europe and a menace to the world. The unspeakable Turk be-/ came the boon companion and ready tool, of his master. neal “France and Russia watched the} Triple Alliance for two years and then formed one of their own to last | as long as the other did. Great! Britain found that she coul work honestly and straightforwardly with ——_—————— eee BiG SHOE BILLS CAN BE GUT “T will always wear shoes with Neolin | Soles,” writes. Mr. M. Newman of the I, Newman Mfg Co. cf Minneapolis. “They are superior soles in every way, waterproof, more comfortable and more | dural After many months of wear they remain in good condition.” Mr. Newman, and millions of others, have found that the answer to the shoe- bill, problem lies in getting soles that | wear a long time—Neélin Soles. 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After ¢ the tubes were cleaned the § piece cut out was welded in 9) place, leaving the sheeet in its liam II, was in 1918, the so-called Holy Alliance, the capstone of the old | theory of the divine right of kings | to govern wrong, that wag already jn session in the Congress of Vienna |when Napoleon’s last | Days’ began, piously undertook to set ' {mp the principles of the .Christian religign as the rule of conduct in pub- § lic affairs’ But Talleyrand,.and Met- | ternich, and Wellington and Stern could not agree as to what those prin- ‘ciples were and, meant. and Metternich at least would have | the tale. of George Washington and’ the cherry tree in order to instill | truthfulness into his pupils. Thru un- ms ‘truth he -would teach truth. , Those 2 | men wevid glorify murder for reasons | | of stnte and call it Christian. “The Holy Alliance was not holy nor did it long remain an alliance. Within a score of years it fell into | | what President Cleveland would have | ‘Hundred | Talleyrand | ¢ original strength. We can do the same for you 2 Mr. Oil Company. We will save you from one- half to one-third the time it will take for any other process in making repairs All Welds Guaranteed Oxy-Acetylene Weld- ing Shop 118 S. David Casper, Wyo. Phone 611-J ¢ ) i A Carload if you would save money on HA | Phone 249 eA oman NW Stes Se Silly Sta ety Sie Sly Sg Site ce ae SR Just received, including everything in the line of fur- niture and stoves; Call early and make your selection RNED & SON FURNITURE STORE WV INV DUO FFE ISI SE FOU EI EE EU FO OF VEE of Second- your household furnishings. 121 W. First St. these two and the three hecame the Triple Entente. This was the lineup | at the outbreak of war in 1914, the Triple Alliance on one side, the Triple Entente on the other. “In this hurried review I have not Foundland, Australia, New Zealand | and South Africa acknowledge al- | legiance to him. The present bonds of union are the king and the imperial war cabinet. All of these have risen to power within the last hundred alluded to single states that there in years. But it is not of these al- origin confederations of originally in- liances or such of these that I dependent powers but in which the speak. | life of the individual finally become merged in the whole, The Swiss confederation dates from 1295, our own union from 1776, Mexica, Argentine, Brazil and Vene- zuelo from the decade between 1820 and 1830.- “Great Britain as an empire is a confederation of nations which speak English. erous colonies King George: is head of the Empire of India, itself a league of native states. governing dominions, practically in- dependent tive 12:01 a. m. January 21, 1919. TO TRI “The loose leagues ot the past have failed for one or two or all of three reasons—they did not meet the needs of the people they professed to serve; they lacked administrative ele- ments necessary to carry out their purpose; they lacked the prime ele- ment of justice. Nothing succeeds permanently even in this world that is not based on righteousness and jus- tice and truth. nation has most of Besides num- the “First—These older leagues were narrow-minded, based upon the dom- inange of a religion, a rare, a family, New: a system of culture or a Janguage. Five self- states, Canada, TELEPHONE TOLL RATES Effective January 21, 1919, as Announced on December 13,1918, by the Postmaster General, A new method of computing charges on telephone toll calls (to points outside the local service area) under which all toll rates throughout the United States are placed on a standard basis, becomes effec- A brief description of this new method and of its application to the several classes of service, is given herewith. “STATION TO STATION” RATE When a person makes a toll call without specifying that conversation is desired with a particular person, .and the connection is established and conversation . held, the “station to station” rate applies. This rate is determined by the air-line distance be- tween toll points and is computed on the basis of 5c for each six miles, up to twenty-four miles, and 5e for each eight miles beyond that distance. “Station to station” calls should be made by num- ber wherever Telephone Directory information is available. Where this information is not available at the calling telephone, such calls may be made by giving the toll operator the name and address of the subscriber at the telephone called. “PERSON TO PERSON” RATE When a person makes a toll cail, specifying that conversation is desired with a particular person and the.connection is established and conversation held with that person, the “person to person” rate ap- plies. 4. As this service requires a greater amount of oper- ating effort, the rate for such calls is about one- fourth greater than the “station to station” rate. This “person to person” rate is computed on the day yate between the points involved, whether the call is made during the day or during the night, and the minimum charge is 20c. No “person to person” call is agcepted where the “station to station” rate is less than 15c. “REPORT CHARGE” When a “person to person” call is made and the particular person desired is not in or will not talk, or when an exact telephone address of the particular person desired has not been given and he cannot be reached at a telephone within one hour a “report charge’”’ applies. Such a charge also applies if the calling party is absent when the connection is completed within one hour, or if he refuses to talk. This charge is to cover compensation for the oper- ating work performed and is usually ahout one- fourth of the-“station to station” rate. In any -case where a “report charge” applies, the minimum charge is 10¢c and the maximum $2.00. “APPOINTMENT” RATE” When the calling party in placing his cali appoints a definite specified time at which he will talk on a “person to person” basis and the conversation is held at the specified time, the “appointmént” rate applies. The “appointment” rate is usually about one-half greater than the “station to station” rate. The “appointment” rate is computed on the day rate between the points involved, whether the call is made during the day or during the night, and the minimum charge is 25c. No appointment cuail to station” rate is less than 15c. “Report charges” apply under the same gencral conditions as specified for “person to person” calls. The Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company accepted where the “station | They represented only a part of the people they controlled. Their atti- tude toward others was contempt or indifference, The Romans had a greater sense of justice than any of the other people mentioned, but even, Rome was fr from ideal and when its citizens became wealthy without work and lived without labor, thanks to the tribute levied on the provinces, her decline and fall began. “The saying of Louis XIV, ‘I am the state,’ expressed the political theory of the period from 1648 to 1789 and because the rights of the people were not recognized the ex- cesses of the French revolution came on. The needs of the people were not met and the league failed. “Second—Some element necessary to success was lacking, e. g., regular | meetings of the members. As sim- ple as this sounds such meetings 2 hard to obtain. When one power be-! Washington, D. C. ” MESSENGER” When 4 call is made on a “person to person’ basis and a messenger is required to secure attendance of the designated person at a public pay station at the distant point, the “messenger call” rate applies. This rate is the same as the “appointment rate” for the same distance, plus any charge for messenger service. The “messenger call” rate is computed on the day rate between the points involved, whether the call is made during the day or during the night, and the minimum charge is 25c. Messenger charges incurred are to be paid even if desired conversation is not held. No “messenger call’ is accepted where the “station to station” rate is less than “Report charges’? apply under the same general conditions as specified for “person to person” calls. STANDARD TOLL NIGHT RATES The following reduced rates “station to station” basis only are effective 12:01 a.m. January 21, 1919. 8:30 p. m. to 12:00 midnight— About one-half of to station”? day rate. 12:00 midnight to 4:30 a, m.— About one-quarter tion to station” day For the purpose of applying night rates, the time ot at the point at which a da m age originates is used. The minimum night rate is 25c. on calls made at night when the tion” charge is less than the minimum night rate. “COLLECT CALLS” are calls for which the charges are reversed; that is, are to be ¢ “Collect calls” seriber at completed. Such “collect calls” or reverse EXAMPLES SHOWING HOW METHOD IS APPLIED Assuming the air-line distance between toll points to be more than 144 miles, bui not more than 152 miles, the following initial period rates for service under the various classes offered would apply: “Station to station” rate $1.00 Completed “person to person’ rate . 1.25 Completed “appointment” rate ........ 1.50 Completed “messenger call” rate 1.59 Plus messenger charges. Report charges Se lee i a xy) Rate between 8:30 p. m. and 12:00 midnight, “station to station” serVice only axe afl) Rate between 12:00 midnight and 4:30 a. m., “station to station” service only peselveeeecey 25° | lacking. the distant station at which the call is sd charges are allowed only in connection with “person to pe = z Page 5 comes dominant, as usually happens, the others become careless about rep- resentation, if not openly hostile. Again, changing conditions require new terms and these are difficult to define, especially as the constitutions of many leagues have required unanimous consent for the altering of any of their provisions, even the least. Selfishness has too often been the dominating motive. No state cared or was willing to subordinate its own interests to the welfare of the whole family of nations. The result | was that good decisions, usually the result of compromise, were seldom made, “Third—The sense. of justice was The rights of the people had little or no recognition. From 1697 to 1789, Europe was little more than a battleground of families and dynas- (Gontinioad « CALLS 15c. for night service on a the “station of the rate. “sta- “station to station” Day rates apply “station to sta- ollected from the sub- rson” calls.