Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 5, 1917, Page 3

(From the United States Department or Agriculture.) A co-operative bull association is a farmers’ organigation, the chief pur- pose of which is the joint ownership and use of high-class, purebred bulls. The association also may encourage careful selection of cows, obtain better prices for dairy products, introduce better methods of buying and selling cattle, work for improved sanitary con- ditions, intelligently fight contagious diseases of cattle, and in many other ways assist the dairy business, The owners of small herds of grade cows often feel that they cannot afford to purchase valuable purebred bulls, In consequence they buy scrubs, or breed their cows to a scrub bull or an inferior purebred bull on some near- by farm. One year a Holstein bull may be used, the next year a Jersey, and occasionally a bull of no particu- lar breeding. The work of the co-oper- ative bull associations makes it pos- site for any farmer to own a share in a purebred bull of high quality. A bull association in its simplest form may consist of three farmers who together purchase three good regis- tered bulls of the same breed. Each farmer keeps one of these bulls for two years, at the end of which time the bulls are exchanged to prevent in- breeding. For the same reason a sec- ond exchange is made at the end of four years. In this way, by paying the purchase price of only one bull, each member of the association has URGE CO-OPERATIVE BULL ASSOCIATIONS test of a bull's real value; but it is self-evident that this test cannot be ap- plied until the bull approaches the age of four years. In ordinary farm prac- tice bulls are usually disposed of be- fore their true value can be known. The co-operative bull association makes it possible to obtain several years’ service from bulls that transmit desired qualities and to eliminate all others, Cost Divided. The original cost of the five bulls and their annual cost of maintenance are usually divided among the mem- bers of the association vecording to the number of cows owned by earch. Records on file in the dairy division of the department show that the mem- bers of associations now organized are getting the services of these high- class purebred bulls at an average cost considerably less than they formerly paid for the services of scrub bulls or registered bulls of doubtful merit. Many farmers in Maryland, Michigan and Minnesota, when questioned re- garding the value of co-operative bull associations, estimated that the use of sires belonging to the associacion in- creased the value of the offspring in the first generation from 80 te 80 per cent. The average of these estimates was 65 per cent. The educational work of each asso- clation makes the members alert to prevent the introduction and spread of disease of any kind. The well- managed bull association requires that “ENDYMION,” GRAND CHAMPION WISCONSIN BULL. the use ef good purebred bulls for six yenrs. A larger membership in the association may either reduce ex- penses or make possible the purchase of better bulls. Ideal Association. The ideal association is composed of a much larger number of farmers. It jointly owns five bulls, divides its territory into five “breeding blocks,” and assigns one bull to each block, As many as 50 or 60 cows may belong to the farmers in each block, and the bull is kept on some farm centrally lo- cated. The blocks are numbered from one to five, and every two years the bulls are moved forward to the next block. If all the bulls live and are retnined until each has made one com- plete circuit, no new bulls have to be purchased during a period of ten years. As soon as the daughters freshen, evi- all cattle belonging to its members shall be tested for tuberculosis and takes every known precaution to pre- vent the introduction of contagious abortion. 4 It is greatly ta the advantage of a co-operative association that it be in- corporated under state laws. This fa- cilitates the fransaction of business, equitably distributes responsibility, and gives the organization greater prestige in the community. Co-operative bull associations have been common in Denmark for many years, but the first associations of the kind in the United States were organ- ized in 1908 by the Michigan agricul- tural college. In this country their growth has not been rapid, but, as a rule, they have been highly success- ful. If skillfully managed, they may be made a great factor in the upbulld- dence of the sire’s true value begins | ing of profitable dairying in this coun- to accumulate. FAVOR ALFALFA FOR HORSES OF ANY KIND To Be Fed Successfully, Crop Must Be Cut at Proper Time —Feed as Concentrate. (By C. W. M’CAMPBELL, Kansas State Agricultura] College.) If alfalfa hay is properly cured, it may be fed to any kind of horses. This applies just as strongly to work horses as to growing horses. In or- der, howeyer, to be fed successfully, alfalfa hay must be cut at the proper time for horse feeding purposes, and must be fed as a concentrate rathor than asa roughage. The trouble which arises from feed- ing alfalfa ts due to the method of feeding, not with the alfalfa hay. It has been sald that the proper time to begin cutting alfalfa hay is when the field is about one-tenth in bloom. Cut- ting at such a time makes very good hay for cattle, but such hay is too “washy” for horses at hard work. To make hay suitable for horses at hard work, the alfalfa must be allowed to get rather mature before cutting; in fact, the field should be in full bloom before the mower is started. The hay should then be properly cured and ee x A . This is the only true try. oon an excessive amount of highly nitro- genous material. Another effect of overfeeding with alfalfa is a sort of clogging of the whole system. resulting in impaired nutrition, filling of the legs and hocks, softness, excessive sweating, and im- paired respiration, As to the amount to be fed, experience seems to indi- cate that one and one-fifth pounds to 100 pounds of live weight is about the maximum amount for work horses. Because of its high proportion of di- gestible protein, alfalfa balances up very well with corn. These two feeds make the most economical ration the Kansas farmer can feed. EXTRA FEEDING AND CARE OF DAIRY COW Ohio Expert Gives Conclusions Reached After Experimenting With Station Herd. TWO REASONS FOR OMISSION. “You are chargca with not having a tall light,” said the magistrate to the motorist. “Guilty, your honor,” answered the motorist, briefly. “How much?” But the judge could not resist the temptation to deliv a short lecture. “Don’t you know,” he said, “that It is very dangerous for you to go about at night without a tail light?” “Certainly.” “Then I hope you swon't be guilty of such an offense again.” “So do I, but it is liable to happen.” ‘Well, sir, why?” “Because, in the first place, I'm rath- er forgetful and in the second place, I don’t happen to be a lightning bug.” A Cryptic Message. “Henry,” said Mrs, Gadspur, sternly, “here is a note addressed to you. I took the liberty of opening it.” “Yes, my dear.” “It merely contains the numeral 9 followed by the letters, P. G, S. O. P. Now, I want to know what Is the meaning of this.” “Well, if you must know, my dear, the note merely means ‘9 o'clock. Poker game. Same old place.’ And, of course, I have no intention of being there.” Atmosphere of Gloom. “Let's go into this restaurant. A sign In the window reads, “Tipping not permitted.’ ” I'd rather go where tipping is allowed.” “But why?” “I like to see bright and cheerful faces, even among waiters. The wait- ers in a tipless restaurant look as if they had nothing to live for.” THE IDEA! “Yes; I served in de army fer four years.” “An’ wuz yeh honorably discharg- ed?” “Discharged? Well, I should say not, I up en quit on me own hook.” Just So! When a young man proposes To a maiden, if she's game, And he has a.lot of money, She will gladly change her name. Obeying Orders. “The fact that you owe me $100 doesn't seem to trouble you in the least.” “Idon't dare to let it trouble me.” “Why not?’ “Doctor's orders. worry.” He told me not to Doubtful Use. Little Lemuel—Say, paw, what good are rich relations, anyway? Paw—Oh, they are all right when you want to point to something with- out pride. Asking Too Much. “I have just met a man who con- fessed that he hadn't been home in ten years until quite recently.” “He ought to be ashamed of him- self.” “It wasn’t altogether his fault.” “No?" “He says his home was three days’ journey from the mode) prison where he was confined and the warden sim- ply wouldn’t stand for his being out of his cell over night.” City Songs. “This writer compares a great city to a siren, singing songs that lure men to ruin.” “I think he exaggerates a trifle.” “Why so?” “For the simple reason that I can't conceive of ragtime airs being able to lure any person of ordinary intelli- gence to his ruin.” Artiess Art. “It strikes me,” said the critic, “that Busy While Awake. Parker—Naggs, and his wife quarrel two-thirds of the time. THE CASPER DAILY TRIBUNE “So she's going to marry that old millionaire. Why he has one foot in the grave. What is her reason?” “That foot.” So He Thinks. There never was a stuck-up man So homely, it is said, But thinks he as a masher can Crush any woman “dead.” His Awful Blunder. Singleton—Doctor Pillman is cer teinly the most absent-minded man J ever met. Wederly—Is that so? Singleton—Yes ; he was married yes- terday and during the ceremony when he should have placed the ring on the bride's finger he actually felt her pulse and asked her to put out her tongue. Wederly—Poor fellow! I'll bet that is the last time he'll ever ask her to put out her tongue. Distance in the Country. “How far is it to Willlams’ mill?” asked the motor tourist. “Bout a quarter,” answered the old farmer, “But I've been traveling at good speed for the past half hour and the last person I asked told me it was ‘bout a quarter.” “Well, stranger, that’s right. It's ‘bout a quarter.” Getting His Money's Worth. Parker—Windham seems to be en- Joying the fortune his aunt left him, doesn’t he? Harker—EnjJoying it! Why, I un- derstood he lost it all in a wheat deal a couple of months ago. Parker—So he did; but it has sup- plied him with a never-failing topic for conversation evex since. A Last Resort. “It is hard for a man {to remain cheerful when he Ss the price of ev- erything going wu “Surely. there are some exceptions to the geenral tendency?” “Well, I understand certain brands of pills are selling for the same old price, but I have to be extremely pes- simistic before I'll take a pill.” Quiet Enjoyment. “Didn't you tell me that Deowaite was an entertaining conversational- ist?” “I did.” “Yet; he r but himself. er talks about anything “Exactly. And there is nothing 1 enjoy more than laughing in my sleeve.” Up Against it. Mrs. Justwed—Tom, the cook wants another afternoon off. Mr. Justwed—Well, if she can show you where there are eight afternoons in a week, give it to her. UP-TO-DATE. “How have you managed to keep your same cook for so long?” “I learned the dishes she likes—and those are the ones we have steadily.” Ever Notice? » “What have we here?” “A trained chimpanzee,” “He's almost human, isn’t he?” “In some respects he’s an improve ment on the average actor, He seems quite oblivious of a box full of debu- tantes.” An After Thought. “L told Mr. Thickwitz that his GOO ROADS RAISE FUNDS FOR HIGHWAYS Important Saving Effected by Issuing Good Road Bonds on Deferred Retirement Plan. (From the United States Department ot Agriculture.) People of a county intending to raise funds for highway improvement would do well to consider the advan- tages to them of the deferred serini plan over the ordinary sinking-fund plan of retiring long-term bonds. Un- der the serial plan, a certain amount of bonds is retired each year and the bonds so retired cease to be an in- terest charge on the community, Un- der the sinking-fund plan none of the bonds is retirable until the end of a definite period, and the entire sum raised bears interest for the entire life of the bond. The county, there- fore, pays interest on the money so borrowed and in addition sets aside each year as a sinking fund an amount sufficient to retire all the bonds when they become due. The sinking fund is deposited with banks and earns some interest. This interest ordi- narily is only three per cent, whereas the county has to pay five or six pet cent to its bondholders. The serial plan is a much cheaper method of raising money for road improvement, even when the sinking fund earns in- terest as high as four per cent, and in the opinion of the road specialists of the department should be utilized whenever it is possible to market se- rial bonds. In a study of the road bond issues of several counties, J. BE. Penny- backer and M. O. Eldridge of the divi- sion of road economics, office of public roads and rural engineering, found that the serial plan, if it had been adopted by several counties, would have saved the taxpayers in one county $154,269, in another county $80,702, and in a third county $65,367 over the other plan with a sinking fuini bearing interest at three per cent. With a sinking fund earn- ing four per cent, the saving would have run as high as $72,28& in one of these counties. These con- clusions appear in the recently pub- lished Department Bulletin 893, Eco- nomic Surveys of County Highway Im- provement. The following concrete examples are taken from this bulletin: “In Dallas County, Ala., the bonds amounted to $350,000, payable In 30 years at five per cent. Assuming the sinking fund to bear three per cent in- terest, as set forth in the chapter on Dallas county, the total financial bur- den to the county for interest and the liquidation of the bonds during the 30-year period will be $745,702.80. An equal amount of bonds at the same rate of interest, if issued under the deferred serial bond method, with the first bonds payable six years from the date of issuance and an equal amount payable each year thereafter for 24 years, would cost the county at the end of 30 years $665,000, or a differ- ence, as compared with the sinking- fund method, of $80,702. If four per cent could be realized on the sinking fund insteud of three per cent, the saving for the deferred serial plan over the sinking-fund plan would still be $47,216. “Lauderdale county, Mississippi, which issued $500,000 of five and five and one-half per cent bonds, adopt- ed the deferred serial-bond method, with the first payment coming 11 years from the date of issue and the last payment 25 years, If the county had issued the bonds on the 5-25-year basis the cost would have been $906,875, as compared with the cost of the basis adopted of $972,232, or a difference of $65,367." Even in the case of a small Issue the advantage of the serial plan is illustrated in Dinwiddie County, Vir- ginia. This county issued $105,000 of five and six per cent bonds, payable in 80 years, but the bonds are callable after 20 years. Assuming that they will be retired at the end of 25 gears on the sinking-fund plan, with inter- est on sinking fund at four per cent, the total cost would be $218,031, whereas if they had adopted’ the 6-25- year serial method the cost would be $201,100, or a difference of $16,931. REMOVE STUMPS FROM FIELD They Take Up Valuable Room and Make Work More Difficult for Both Man and Animal. EAGLE’S BALD SPOT. “It may seem very Funny to think of any Creature Saying, ‘I shall be so Glad when I'm Old and then I won't be Bald,’ but that’s exactly what the Beagle Said the other Day. “He was a Young Eagle—only two years Old and he was having his Birth- day Party. His Mother had a fine White Head and Tail and the Young Eagle was looking forward to the Day when he’d have one too. He did so Hate to be Bald, It seemed so Young and Childish—and he wanted to ap- pear Old and Brave and Strong. “When his Eagle Uncles and Aunts, and Cousins and Grandpas, and Grand- mas left him they all Said, “‘We wish you many Happy Returns of the Day, but not of this very Day, of course. For when next we come to your Birth- day Party we hope to see you with a Fine White Head Dress and Tail.’ “The Eagle had Promised he would not be Bald on the next Birthday, and he was Perfectly Safe in Promising that. For when the Engle is three years old he loses his Bald Head, “It does seem very queer though to think of the Eagle Longing to Grow Old so he won't be Bald—for usually we think of Old, Old Peopte, or very, very Tiny Babies as the only People with Bald Heads. “Well, not long after all the Guests had left, Young Edgar Eagle came to Call, “I’m Sorry to have come too late for the Party,’ he said. ‘But still I am Just as Glad to have a quiet Little Chat with you. And I couldn't help being late. I was in a Flying Race. I Won too,’ he said proudly. “‘How well you're looking, Edgar Eagle, said the two-year-old Engle. ‘And what a Fine White Head and Ta you have!’ es, sald Young Edgar Eagle. *That’s just what I want to Talk to you about. I'm three years Old today.’ “‘Many Happy Returns,’ Shouted the two-year-old Eagle. ‘What a great He Was Very Much Impressed. pity it is that you didn’t come before— for then we could have Celebrated our Birthdays together. Although, I sup- pose, you wouldn't have cared about Celebrating your Birthday with a Bald- Headed Eagle.’ “Well, I'm not so Fussy,’ said Young Edgar Eagle, ‘and I hope you've Saved me a Piece of Birthday Cake. Lut I must Talk to you—and we must be Friends.’ “‘Indeed we will be, Said the two- year-old Eagle Delightedly. He was so Pleased that Young Edgar Eagle was Paying him so much Attention when he still had a Bald Head. “Do you know,’ said Young Edgar Eagle, ‘that we are very much Hon- ored? Lots and lots and lots of Peo- ple who Call themselves Americans have taken our Family for their Em- blem?’ “What's an Emblem?’ two-year-old Eagle. “Tt means, said Young Edgar Eagle, ‘that they wish to be like us. They want to be Free and Brave and Independent. And it's very Fine to have lots and lots of People say they want to Copy you, isn’t it?’ “*Yes,’ said the two-year-old Eagle. He was very much Impressed and was Feeling very Solemn through Young Edgar Eagi talk. “*So I'm going to Teach you how ta make your Wings very, very Strong—~ so you'll be Free and Independent— and so no one can Beat you. Then when it’s your Third Birthday and your Bald Head is Covered with White Feathers—then, ah then, you'll be Glad and Proud you're an Eagle. You know too, that our Pictures are all over the World and as they Call us such Fine Names we surely, éurely must live up to them,’ “Yes, indeed,’ said the two-year-old Eagle, ‘but can’t we have a Plece of Birthday Cake first, before we start off on our Lessons in how to be so very, Strong? : “We'll have the Birthday Cake right away and Eat it as we go,’ “So off went Young Edgar Eagle— the three-year-old—with the two-year- 3 eaeantiered vias. toad asked the