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- SPEECH OF JOSEPH W. FOLK OPENING THE CAMPAIGN William J. Bryan Addresses 15,000 People in Open Air Meet- ing—Cook Has a Message for His Friends— ponents sneeringly say that after thirty years of Democratic rule, we now proclaim that the eradication of corruption is the paramount issue. It is true that the Democratic party pro- poses to stamp out corruption, and has made its cure the paramount issue of this campaign. I am proud to belong to a party that is courageous enough to do that. Do our opponents mean to charge the Democratic party with re- Calls Forth Their Loyalty in Support of Entire Ticket, The Democratic state campaign was | one time, are now the burly bullies of | opened at Springfield, Mo., on Thura- day, September 1, 1904. The candi- dates for state office made addresses at the Baldwin theater in the after- noon, and Hon. William J. Bryan de- livered an address at the baseball park in the evening. The opening was the most enthu- siastic in years. The theater was packed in the afternoon, and many who came were turned away. Mr. Bryan’s speech was delivered in the open air to an audience that num- dered fully 15,000. Such an auspicious opening indicates that Missouri is more safely Democratic this year than ever before. Judge W. N. Evans, chairman of the state committee, presided at both meetings. The speakers at the after- noon meeting were Joseph W. Folk, nominée for governor; Thomas L. Ru- bey, nominee for lieutenant-governor; Sam B. Cook, nominee for secretary of state; Albert O, Alien, nominee for auditor; James Cowgill, nominee for treasurer; Elliott W. Majors, nominee for attorney general, and H. R. Ogles- by, nominee for railroad and ware house commissioner. Mr. Cook’s speech was especially worthy of note by reason of its grace- ful tact and the excellent campaign material it contained. It helped to emphasize the complete harmony now existing in the party. He said, among other things, that he had a message for the friends all over the state who had supported him so loyally in the | past, and it was to the effect that he wanted them to allow no one to exceed them in their earnest work for the success df the whole ticket. Gov. A. M. Dockery followed the candidates in an address that appeaied to the Democratic voters of the state to make the victory in Missouri this year decisive. afternoon meeting with a short speech. The speech of Mr. Folk follows: In the early days of our government {t was found that public affairs could be best administered through political parties. It is through political parties that men come to an agreement on public policies, and announce their principtes and intentions. One man may be just as patriotic ‘as another, yet they may differ on governmental questions. Political systems develop as other things do. Changing condi- tions eliminate old questions, and create new issues to be determined by the people in their sovere'gn capacity as electors. The Democratic party has always been ready to submit to the test of full and free discussion every question, believing that out of the con- filct of ideas the truth will emerge. If the principles of the Democratic party are the best to guide the national gov- ernment by, then it should be put in power. If the Democratic party has well and faithfully administered the affairs of Missouri entrusted to its keeping, then it should not be turned out as unfaithful. Democtats and. Republicans have an equal interest in this country. Most of the members of all parties are hon- est in their convictions and partiotic in their purposes. To these we must appeal in upholding Democratic ideas, and in doing so it is not necessary to misrepresent the facts, which would avail nothing, and it would be out of place to indulge in slander “and vitu- peration, that convinces none but the vicious or weak-minded. I shall ap- peal only to the reason of honest men, with no argument but the truth. De- mocracy means the rule of the people, for the people and by the people. The Democratic party in the United States is the fruit of a hundred years of our country’s history. Take away from the history of the United States the record of the Democratic party, and thers would be little left. The record of the Democratic party in Missouri is the history of a state’s glorious achieve- ments and wondrous progress. | NATIONAL QUESTIONS. ' Soon after our republic was born, citizens became divided on public policies. The leaders of the contend- ing theories were Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson believed in the absolute rule - of the people through their ballots; that all power should be vested in the people, and that government should derive all of its authority through their consent and by their will. He taught the prin- ciple of equal and exact justice to all, special privileges to none. Hamilton advocated a restricted franchise and the favoring of special interests. These opposite theories of government have been the basis of the various political parties that have jived and died in the past hundred ce, The Democratic has combatted error for a cen- name of Jefferson. The Mr. Bryan closed the | | Comaneree, menacing our institutions. Instead of the people protecting them, the people now need protection from | their avarice. Unjust monopolies can {not be suppressed with one hand, | while the other is feeding them with | the milk of protection, on which they grow fat and powerful at the people's expense. ‘The Democratic party stands for protection to all, not to some priv- ileged class to the detriment of anoth- er. The Democratic party has ever advocated freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, free- dom of the person, that no people should be governed without their con- sent, and that the right’s of one man extend to where the rights of another man begin. The Democratic party holds that the constitution framed by our forefathers must be the rudder to guide the ship of state, and not the shifting whims and impulses of a chief executive. At this time the warning words of Wash- | ington in his farewell address come to us with new meaning: “IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE HABITS OF THINKING IN A | FREE COUNTRY SHOULD INSPIRE CAUTION IN| THOSE ENTRUSTED WITH ITS ADMINISTRATION TO CONFINE THEMSELVES WITHIN THEIR RESPECTIVE CONSTITU- | TIONAL SPHERES, AVOIDING, IN |THE EXERCISE OF THE POWERS |OF ONE P©FPARTMENT, TO EN- | CROACH UPON ANOTHER.” | The nominee of the Democratic par- ty for president, Judge Alton B. Par- | of constitutional government, so neces- | sary to the preservation of free institu- | tions, and he and Henry G, Davis, the nominee for vice-president, should re- ceive the support of every lover of the constitution, and every believer in the principles advocated by Washington, Jefferson and Jackson. STATE QUESTIONS. But Missourians are especially in- | terested in state matters just now. |The Democracy of Missouri has honored me with leadership in this campaign. While I am not arbitrary, and am always glad to receive sugges- tions from others, I do not propose to be dictated to by intermeddlers. This campaign is going to be run on the ideas and for the principles set forth in the Jefferson City platform. This is going to be done regardless of what others may say, think or do. THE CONVENTION AND THE TICK- ET. The Jefferson City convention was essentially a convention of the people. Tt was the greatest state convention ever held in Missouri, and represented the free and untrammelled will of the rank and file of the party. There was no dictation to it by any boss as to what it should do. The people were supreme there. Each of the candidates nominated won his nomination fairly and honorably. There was no alliance, expressed or implied, between myself and any of the candidates nominated. None of them owe their nominations to me, and I certainly do not owe mine to any of them. All of us owe our nominations to the Democratic party. I said early in the campaign that I would not attempt to dictate the ticket. I have been fighting bossism, and I did not propose to take the place of those who had been dethroned. I thought the people had just as much right to name the other nominees for state offices as they had to select the nominee for governor. This position was maintained to the end. The ticket nominated represents, not my choice, nor the choice of any individual, but the united will ‘and wisdom of the Democratic party of Missouri. Every nominee on the ticket is pledged to suppurt the platform, declaring unre- lenting warfare against corruptionists and repudiating their support. Every nominee on the ticket has assured me he will loyally aid me in carrying out the policies I have advocated. Cer- tainly candidates on the opposition ticket are under no such obligation. As the head of the ticket I hope to see the entire Democratic ticket elect- ed, and shall support it, as does every nominee of that convention. It is time now to remind Democrats that the nom- inating cotivention is over, and discus- sions that would have been proper be- fore the convention are out of place at this time. Let dissessions cease. The time has now come for Democrats to rally to the support of the ticket, and present a united front to the opposi- tion, Let all good Democrats forget personal defferences, and remember only the good of the party and the welfare of the state. We want all of the decent elements of the party unit- ed, but we do not want harmony with the corrupt elements, and°we must not give up any of the principles for which we have contended. These prin- ciples of right and justice are the foun- dation of true Democracy. t ' MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE. | put in the hands of the | party thirty years ago,Missouri was far | ker, of New York, represents the idea | gown in the list of states, or Hood 0 mii sponsibil ng in als in Jefferson City? If a party is re- sponsible for the curruption that goes .|on under its administration, and for boodling done by individual members of that party, then there should not be @ greasy spot left of the Republican party, under the administration of | which the carnival of corruption flour- ished in St. Louis. St. Louis boodling compared with the boodling at Jeffer- son City was as a cyclone to a sum- mer’s breeze. Both were bad enough to startle the world, and should arouse every honest citizen ta the necessity of stamping bribery out. But to charge either party with the responsibility for | the shortcomings of individual mem- bers of that party is a mere bandying of words. I do not like to hear men say there have been so many Republi- can boodlers and so many Democratic boodlers, The boodler is neither Dem- ocrat nor Republican; he is a crim- inal. The counting of boodle noses serves no practical purpose, The main question is, under which. flag are they marching now, I will take up this sub- ject later on, Suffice it to say at pres- ent that neither party as such is re- sponsible for boodling, but there is | honor due the party that stops it. This the Democratic party is doing. RECORD OF DEMOCRACY. What has been the record of the Democratic party during its lease of power in this state. The people are partners in the affairs of state, and it is well enough to take stock now and then, to let them know how their af- fairs have been managed, The Dem- ocratic party must give an account of | its stewardship, Here is the record: When the reins of government were Democratic Under a careful fostering of public enterp! encouragement of industries and eco- nomical government, Missouri has Le- come the fifth state in the Union in population, and first as a producer of all things necessary to the happiness and comfort of man. STATE DEBT. The state debt thirty years ago was $21,768,000, This has all been paid, to- gether with interest amounting to $22,- 000,000. The last bond was taken up and cancelled under Gov. Dockery’s administration. The only outstanding financial obligations of the state are the school certificates. amounting to $4,138,000, which are in the nature of an endowment for the cause of education in the state. I am not one of those who would hold a party of to- day responsible for things done by that party thirty years ago. I do not believe in living in the past, but in the present. I do not think it necessary to go into the infamies of the Drake constitution, whereby women went to prigon for praying, lawyers and doc- tors for practicing their profession. and ministers for preaching the Gos- pel. Every fairminded Republican now admits the injustice of that in- strument, and classes it with the mis- takes of the long ago. The following statement in the state Republican platform, however, renders it neces- sary, in order to be just and fair, to examine briefly the origin of the state debt. I read the following extract from the Republican platform: “WHEN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY FIRST CAME INTO POWER IN THIS STATE, THEY INHERITED A DEBT OF $36,000,000, EVERY DOLLAR OF IT CREATED BY THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. IN SIX YEARS THE RE- PUBLICAN PARTY REDUCED THIS DEBT TO $21,000,000, WHILE IT HAS TAKEN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY THIRTY YEARS TO PAY OFF A PORTION OF WHAT REMAINED. From 1851 to 1857, while the De- mocracy was in power, the state’s credit was loaned to certain railroad companies, to aid in the construction | of railroads. It was common practice at that time for state governments to do this, and the federal government encouraged railroad construction by donating enormous tracts of govern- ment land. The custom was a vicious one,, and our state constitution now prohibits it. It is to the credit of Gov. Sterling Price, a Democrat, that he ve- toed the various measures providing for the giving of aid to the railroads, but the bills were passed over his veto. Various statutes provided for the issuance of bands to the extent of one-half of the amounts actually ex- pended by stockholders in construction and equipment. The bonds were se- cured by first mortgage on the rail- roads and by more than a million and a half acres of land that had been giv- en by the United States congress to the railroads. Bonds so secured to the amount of $31,735,840 were issued. This was the beginning of the state debt. The civil war came on, and all railroad companies, except one,default- ed in payment of interest on the bonds. One of the railroads was sold under the administration of Gov. Hall, a Demo- erat, and brought the full amount due the state, When the Republican party came in power, the balance due from this purchase, of. about $750,000, was for some unaccountable reason wholly released without any consideration to party has been in/ the state. The other roads were sold for thirty-one years. from time to time under 'the Republi- ean administration, bringing $6,131,- | 25,000,000 due the state. In other | words, this debt of $25,000,000 was | shifted from the railroads to the peo- | ple. As to whether there was any cor- | ruption in these sales, in view of the } remarkable manner in which the as- | sets, securing the bonds, dwindled away, is a clear question. Our oppo- ; Rents claim that the railroads were ; Sold im the open market for the best | price obtainable, and they brought all rat tin s-wortir—On-the | hand, Gov. Fletcher, a Republican, in | his inmangural address in January, 1865, | Stated that the railroads securing the | outstanding bonds of the state “are ; ample security for the amounts ad- | vanced to them respectivelyy” | The Wabash railroad owned the state | $6,965,000. In 1868 the Republican legis- lature passed an act whereby this dedt/was sold for $200,000 to a private | party. Comment on this transaction is unnecessary, | The Iron Mountain railroad owed the | State about $7,000,000. Commission- ‘ers were appointed by the proper au- thorities to sell this road to pay the amount. These commissioners reject- ed an offer of more than a million dollars and finally sold the road to one, MeKay, and others, for $500,000. The circumstances of this sale were so scandalous that an_ investigation was instituted by the _ legislature, which developed the fact that Me- Kay’s fortune at the time he bought the railroad consisted of about one thousand dollars in money, two mules and a spring wagon. It also appeared t three brothers of one of the com- soners, who rejected the higher were directly interested in the purchase. The Missouri Pacific owed the state $20,789,000, According to a report of a legislative committee, the road was ample security for the amount, but the same legislature that adopted this report passed an act relieving the Pa- cifie railroad from payment of all vut® 4) of the indebtedness, giving $5.78).000 of the state’s assets away for nothing. The report of a com- mittee appointed by the board of di- rectors of the Pacifie railroad, which was fled as an exhibit in the case of Lamb and others against the Pacific oad and others, in the United tes circuit court at St. Louis, is interesting in this connection, The report is as follows: “OUR NEXT . MOVE WAS TO ENGAGE OR EM- PLOY IN OUR INTEREST PERSONS (OF SUCH POLITICAL AFFINITIES, {STANDING AND POWER WITH |THE DOMINANT PARTY IN THE LEGISLATURE AS WOULD SOFTEN DOWN OR REMOVE THE ‘COPPER- |HEAD’ CHARACTER OF OUR BOARD AND ENABLE US TO GO BEFORE THE PARTY ENDORSED BY SOME HIGH IN THE FAITH. ‘THROUGH THEM WE WERE LET {INTO THE SECRET OF HOW | THINGS ARE SOMETIMES DONE, | WHEN OTHER METHODS ARB IN- EFFECTUAL. IT WAS TERRIBLY COSTLY FOR AN ORDINARY JOB, | BUT WE WERE GOING IN FOR THE | MILLIONS, THE SUM OF FIVE MIL- LION DOLLARS IS THE PRICE, THE STATE ABATING SIX MILLION DOLLARS OF ITS CLAIM. IT WAS OBTAINED THROUGH OUR EXER- | TIONS AND APPLIANCE AT A COST TO THE COMPANY AND STOCK- HOLDERS OF $57,313.60, ALREADY | PAID, AND $134,865.00 TO BE PAID, | THE WHOE AGGREGATING $192,- /178.60." This certainly bears all the earmarks of boodling. The Frisco railroad owed the state six and a half million. Commissioners were appointed and the road sold for | $1,300,000, Again the Republican legis- lature became generous, and after the payment of $325,000 it passed an act kindly relieving the purchasers of making further payments. There are not mere surmises, but actual facts from legislative journals and court records. This is the true story of how, under Democratic rule, the ‘state loaned its bonds, taking mortgages on the railroads and lands as security, and of how the amount due the state was “reduced” under Republican rule. When the gsRepubli- can managers deny that there was cor- ruption in this marvelous system of financeering, whereby the amount due the state was reduced, we can over- look that; although the records speak for themselves on this point. It does seem, however, supremely ridiculous to be boasting about how much the debt was “reduced” under Republican administration, when it was done by getting rid of the assets securing the bonds. If an individual were to have his debts “reduced” in this manner, the process of reduction would end in making him a financial corpse. TAX RATE. While the bonded debt has been practically paid off under Democratic rule, the tax rate has been reduced from fifty cents on the one hundred dollars, where it was when the Demo- cratic party came into power, to seven- teen cents on the one hundred dol- lars, where it ts to-day; and seven cents of this goes into the public school fund, for the benefit of educa- tion in the state. Missouri has the lowest tax rate of any state in the Union, and is the only state that has paid off a heavy debt and reduced taxation at the same time. This low tax rate- is in particular contrast to the surrounding states. In Illinois, the tax rate in 1903 was 52 cents, 50 cents of this going to the state revenue fund and two cents to the public school fund. In lowa the tax rate last year for state purposes was 35 cents, 30 of which was for state revenue and five cen Public schools. In Kan- sas the tax rate this year is 52 cents, 88 cen | F z Fs | | two cents for schools. In Nebraska, | the rate is 60 cents, 45 of which is for | revenue and 15 for public schools. In Missouri the rate is 10 cents for state purposes and seven for schools. These figure should be especially interesting to the newly asquired and welcome citizens that have come to Missouri from other states to cast their lots with us. In connection with the subject of under Republican rule in Missouri the railroads paid no taxes at all; they now pay taxes on assessed valuations of over $86,000,000. PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The penitentiary, where those who violate the laws of the state are con- fined, instead of costing the state a quarter of a million dollars a year, as it did thirty years ago, is now self- sustaining. Under the management of the Democratic party a strict account is kept of all expense and the waste and profligacy of other years is now of the past. Boys under the age of eighteen years, who commit crimes, are placed in the reform school at Boonville, a magnificent institution, where they are taught some trade, amid moral sur- roundings and wholesome influences. Many of these children of misfortune grow up under the training they re- ceive, to be useful citizens, The Industrial Home for Girls at Chillicothe is a state institution, where female violators of the law of tender years are sent to be educated back to moral ways and useful lives. This in- stitution is likewise a credit to the | State. EDUCATION, The public school system of Missourl {should be the pride of every Missouri- an, School houses dot the valleys and }crown the hills from one end of the state to the other. Every child can drink of the fountain of knowledge freely. The Democratic party has indorsed the constitutional amendment tg be voted upon at the next election, bn | by text books will be provided to the children without cost, After a child has obtained a common school educa- tion at one of the public schools, the state offers him free of charge a uni- versity education at the Columbia Mis- souri university, greatest institutions of learning in the country, with grounds and buildings of unequalled beauty and a faculty ex- celled by none. The normal schools at Warrensburg, Kirksville and Cape Girardeau young men and women for teachers at the state’s expense. The School of Mines at Rolla provides by the state an opportunity for boys to obtain a scientific education. ‘The Lincoln In- stitute at Jefferson City gives to the colored citizens of the state a higher education. This likewise is at the state's expense. All of these institu- tions of learning would be a credit to any commonwealth. Instead of throwing the races togeth- er in mixed schools, Missouri educates the colored youth better than Repub- lican states, and does it without min- gling the races, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Home for Epileptic and Feeble Minded at Marshall provides a place where these unfortunates are cared for by the state in the most humane man- ner. In the deaf and dumb asylum al Fulton, and blind asylum at St. Louis, those,who were in olden times thought taken care of by the state. The in- sane asylums at Farmington, Fulton, St. Joseph and Nevada provide for the mentally deranged in the most en- lightened way. These asylums are equal to those of any state. The old confederate soldiers are cared for in a state home at Higgins- ville, while the old federal soldiers have a home at St. James. Thus, Mis- survivors of those who wore the gray as well as those who wore the blue. To build, equip and maintain all of There is no money better spent, and no good citizens will begrudge it, 1f ap- plied economically for the purposes in- tended. When it is remembered that most of these institutions were built, and all of them maintained, and a state debt of $21,768,000, together with the inter- est paid off, and the tax rate brought down to seventeen cents on the one hundred dollars, there can be no sin- cere criticism of such a record. Other states with five times the tax rate can not show one half the public and char- {table institutions equipped and main- tained at state expense, All of these are an honor to the state and a credit to the Democratic party. The party has been faithfui to its trust, and the millions of dollars paid into its treasury have been justly and economically disbursed. Under Dem- ocratic rule the credit of the state is among the first in the markets of the world. 1878 has been paid on the date of its issuance, ; Just laws have been passed protect- ing the rights of the citizens. This is the account of its stewardship that the Democratic party gives. The ver- dict of honest citizens must be “well done.” There may be some who disagree as to these things, but on the para- mount issue of this campaign there is no room for dispute with good cit- izens, and by good citizens I mean these who love their state and are ready to defend its honor. This ap- piles to Democrats and Republicans alike. On the great issue of this cam- paign the Democratic party invites all This ts one of the | train | to be under a curse of Heaven, are | souri is impartially looking after the | these splendid institutions has cost the | state of Missouri millions of dollars. | Every warrant drawn since | SUPPLEMENT TO Weekly Times BUTLER MISSOURI . September 8, 1904. | honest and patriotic citizens to unite with it. THE PARAMOUNT ISSUE. thing that is worth preserving and something that should be destroyed. The Democratic party of Missouri has no only managed the fiscal affairs of the state superbly for thirty years, but in this most critical period of Mis- souri’s history has boldly and fear- lessly taken up the fight for civic honor against sordid greed. The Dem- ocratic party has gone farther than any politica! party has ever gone be- fore in defying corruptionists and in repudiating their support. The party has dared to say, “WE HAVE DE- CLARED UNR TING WARFARE AGAINST CORRUPTION AND HAVE | PLEDGED THE DEMOCRATIO PARTY TO HIT IT, AND TO HIT IT HARD, WHETHER IN OUR OWN RANKS OR IN THE RANKS OF THB OPPOSITION PARTY. THE DECREE | HAS GONE FORTH THAT THERE | 1S NO ROOM IN THE DEMOCRATIC | PARTY FOR BOODLERS. WE RE- PUDIATE THEIR SUPPORT AND DO NOT WANT THEIR VOTES; WE IN- VITE SUCH AS MASQUERADE UNDER THE CLOAK OF THE DEM- OCRATIC PARTY TO ROLT, AND | PROPOSE TO MAKE THEM ROLT, NOT ONLY THE PARTY, BUT THE |STA1 The eradication of bribery jis the issue in this campaign, by the | side of which all other issues are {n- significant. It is a grand thing to | fight for a party, but it is a grander thing for a ty to ficht for a state, | The Democratic party has taken up | the battle against corruption, No po- litical party has ever done that be. | fore, Shall the Democratic party be | endorsed or condemned for taking this | stand? | BRIBERY DEVELOPMENTS, | Other cities may have been as com rupt as St. Louis, and other states may have had as mueh venality as | Missouri, but it is true that at no time }or place has so much official corrup- j tion been uncovered and laid bare as j!in Missouri within the past three years. It as been conclusively estab- | lished that for twenty-five years not a bill of consequence p; ‘d the St. Louis municipal assembly ugless legis- lators were paid for their votes, Com- bines of lawmakers were formed in both brancheg of the assembly for the | purpose of selling legisiation, the mon- | ey going, not into the treasury of the city, but into the itching palms of these officials, Franchises worth mil- | lions were sold for bribes. These com- bines would hold meetings in regular parliamentary form and fix the bribe prices by majority rule. The price being fixed, a member of the combine would be selected to receive the mon- ey and distribute it among the officials, Bribery was the common and accepted thing. Men gave bribes and nothing of it; boasted of the fact. office was honored; honesty in office was in disrepute. These legislators | made a commodity of legislation and | gain, and not for the public good. In- stead of public office being a public trust, it was a private snap. They outraged every sense of honor and de- cency, and insolefitly flaunted their corruption in the faces of the people. It so happened that a large majority of these boodlers claimed to be Re- jublicans, ‘but this fact is of no im- portance except for its historical In- terest. The either party, as his interests dictate. He belongs to no party, but tries to have all parties belong to him. the combine was present when $2,500 each, bribe money, was divided up. He was of somewhat tender con- science, and said to his fellow mem- bers: “Are you not afraid this will get us into trouble? Th.s is bribery!” The others laid back in their chairs and laughed at him, and said: “Wy dear & fellow, why are you alarmed? you know this has been going on for years? Have you ever heard of any- one getting into trouble about it? § Have you ever heard of anyone trying § to give trowble about it? No one ever has, and no one ever will. Think of | the political power we have. Each man controls his own ward, or he would not be here. Then there is the wealth of the men who put up the money. My dear feilow, don’t be anxious, no one will dare do anything & to us. We can annihilate him if he® does.” Soon afterward the attack came. Some fled to foreign lands}, others turned state’s evidence; othe begged and pleaded; but the grinding! machinery of justice drowned their threats and stifled their curses. were pushed to the very brink of chasm of despair, then they at one ray of hope, the hope of con ling the political situation in Missou Why is it that boodlers are taking sucht an active interest in political affaira? just now? It is because they realfi that the time has come when they N either run the state or be run out @ the state. I say, let us enforce the cree of the Democratic platform run them out of the state. There is room in Missouri for a boodler. In the state government; the secom thought i men took bribes and | — Corruption in © boodler affiliatse with [7 On one occasion a new member of | )> Don’t fe | passed or defeated bills for thelr own | / t highest official betrayed his trust am sold himself for gain. Senators r had $1,000 bills more in mind they have had the people's inte For years, if the confessions of ators be true, laws have been soldi that branch of the assembly tos