The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, November 26, 1934, Page 2

2 BALANCED BUDGET HELD ANSWER 10 ' INFLATION THREAT Economist Declares No One Wants It But That Action May Be Forced By WILLFORD I. KING Professor of Economics New York University Ate we at present menaced by 8) wave of inflation which, if it occurs, | will wipe out the holdings of all cred- itors, wreck our industries, reduce the salaried class to penury, and, in short, play havoc similar to that wrought a decade ago in Poland, Austria, and Germany? This is a question which, today, is in the mind of the typical serious-minded .American. What are the facts? One thing seems to stand out clear- ly. Practically no one in a position of authority desires inflation of the type described. Certainly President Roosevelt is strongly against it. His advisers have the same attitude on the question. It would be hard to find a single member of either house of congress who is not bitterly opposed to anything of the sort. Of course, many members, perhaps ® majority, favor reflation—that is raising the price index to the 1926 level. There is nothing radical aes the antes He cy UETEL this idea. It represents merely an attempt to secure equity between deb- tors and creditors. The closest ap- proach to this ideal would be attained if prices were restored to the weighted average level at which existing debts were contracted. Whether or not the 1926 level approximates this ideal can be determined only by a careful sta- tistical investigation. One thing is certain, namely, that if — and this is a very large if—prices of finished products could be raised materially without changing wage rates per hour or per piece, employers would find it profitable to hire labor and unem- ployment would largely disappear. | Some of the advocates of reflation |life, as well as reflect progress in in- probably favor it because they believe it will help restore employment. More of them presumably think mainly of aiding unfortunate debtors. Few, indeed, of the reflationists are infla- tionists. It is, therefore, safe to say that inflation, if it comes, will not be due to the actions of persons seeking monetary changes. Pe Growing Debt Is Menace Wherein, then, lies the menace of inflation? The answer is: In the unbalanced budget. Each month the nation is spending far more than it receives in taxes. Each month, there- fore, the national debt is growing larger. The spenders at Washington now talk of billions as unconcerned- ly as their predecessors of a few years ago talked of millions. For example, ® question now being seriously dis- cussed is whether to spend twelve or sixteen billions in a house building program. As yet, the nation’s credit 4s unimpaired. The advocates of spending contend that its credit will ‘be equally strong when the national debt climbs to fifty billions. Perhaps. ‘Who knows? What we do know is that, in the past, nation after nation has gaily pursued the course of allow- ing expenses to run far ahead of in- come and that history records but few such instances in which the end hhas not been bankruptcy. Are we im- Mune to the forces which have dragged down the credit of other na- tions? Suppose that we are not. What will be the result? The answer is .that, some day, the market for Unit- ed States securities will collapse to euch an extent that neither cajolery nor threats will induce buyers to take the bonds offered. At this time the government will presumably have out- standing vast commitments for build- ing, for relief, for salaries, and for other purposes. What will it do? ‘Will it levy more taxes? The con- gressmen that vote for such a pro- gram will see certain defeat staring them in the face. Will the govern- ment cut salaries, stop its disburse- ments for relief, cancel its contracts? To take this course will mean to in- cur the deadly enmity of millions of voters. Will it, instead, do what other governments have so often done in the past under similar circum- stances, print money to pay its bills? ‘Time alone can tell. Printing Is No Solution Past experience indicates that the printing of money rarely, if ever, solves the fiscal problems of a govern- ment. As more money is printed, prices and wages rise, thus making Necessary increased government ex- Penses. But larger expenses call for still more money, and the presses are speeded up. The end is too well require comment. ¥ of those who fear inflation best way to avoid it is at once to the old wobbly, breeding gold standard. ‘This proposal seems to be based upon the assumption that inflation will be undertaken, which, as has been shown, is highly » In reality, inflation, if 4t comes, will probably be in response ‘to an emergency most unwelcome and not really expected. To resolve that ‘we will, under such circumstances, adhere rigidly to a gold standard, is helpful as deciding upon the to wear and the eti- followed when an earth- return to the original menaced by infla- be but one answer. and will continue fi | StH bell EB° ellie E i sus has passed into a thousand rami- census has grown to cover a field GjovE ‘il wkekeekeee THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Washington, D. C., Nov. 26—No country has an asset of greater im- portance than its people. Its moun- tains may glitter with veins of gold, its fields and forests teem with the richest flora and fauna, yet without people it is of no value, Population is what imparts value to material wealth. Population in a desert con- stitutes a greater world asset than an_uninhabited Garden of Eden, For this reason the taking of the Decennial census is among the pre- eminently important functions of the federal government. It constitutes the nation’s inventory of its real worth, And in the United States a frequent enumeration is of more im- portance than in some other coun- tries, for the whole theory of self- tule which the American people ¢s- tablished is based on representation, and there can be no intelligent repre- sentation unless it is known’ who there is to represent. When the re- public was formed, almost the first step was to count those who consti- It was From the simplicity of the enum- eration in the first census, taken in 1790, the work of the Decennial cen- fications, Today the bureau of the coextensive with the vast develop- ment of the country itself, and to re- spond to the new social relationships which have been evolved in the new age. Whereas, for several decades, the census revealed little more than the numerical population, classified by age and sex, it has now developed until the tabulations bear on all the intimate incidents of the national vention, science, and discovery. Taking the census is @ solemn mat- ter. The people are called to be num- bered through a proclamation by the president of the United States, It is the duty of every citizen, said Presi- dent Hoover in the 1930 proclamation, to answer all questions on the census schedules applying to him and his family, and his business, in order that the census may be a complete and accurate report on the population and resources of the nation. To allay fears that any one might entertain, the president stressed assurance that there would be no disclosure of in- formation bearing on the affairs of any individual or corporation, citing the law protecting the information under heavy penalties. The Hoover Proclamation was issued in 23 differ- ent languages and posted in every post office in the country. Ti the Census With the nation placed in this state of mind, the enumerators set out to take the census of 1930. There were 100,000 of them and in a short space of time they had counted 122,775,046 Persons in continental United States, and had collected data of 29,904,663 families, 6,288,648 farms, 210,039 man- ufacturing establishments, and 30,597 firms engaged in construction. The census was a comprehensive inventory of the population, resources, and economic activities of the nation, em- bracing agriculture, irrigation, drain- age, manufactures, mines, distribution of trade, building, and unemployment, The outlying territories and posses- sions of the United States also were covered. In answer to the population ques- tions the people stated their relations to the head of the family—such as wife, son, and daughter— sex, age, color or race, marital status, single or married, widowed or divorced, whether attending school or college, nativity, inclusive of that of parents, and occupation, if any. Farmers were asked the acreage of their farms, the value of their land and buildings, their mortgage debt, what they ex- pended for labor, feed, and fertilizer, machinery, acreage yield and value of crops, and quantity and value of their livestock. The manufacturers report. ed on the value and ‘quantity of their Products, the number of their em- Ployes and the aggregate payments in Salaries and wages and also on the cost of the materials used and fuel. Mines and quarry operatives did the same. Merchants reported on the kinds of business they engaged in, and on the distribution of their goods, net sales, number of employes, com- Pensation paid, and stocks on hand. Contractors, subcontractors, and operative builders answered on con- struction, wages, cost of materials, and contract work performed or let. The statistics were gathered, tabu- lated, and published in detail for each of the 48 States, 3,057 counties, 93 cities having a population of more than 100,000 persons, 3,072 municipal- ities between 2,500 and 100,000 in pop- ulation, and 64,387 townships or othe: civil divisions. Reports were also made on the population of 13,433 in- corporated places having fewer than 2,500 inhabitants. In three years, the reports of the most comprehensive census ever taken were printed in 32 ae with a total of more than 30,- es, For all this, elaborate preparations had to be made well in advance of the actual enumeration. Each decennial census has found the nation muck expanded in many directions. More enumerators had to be employed, for one thing. By 1930 the number of questions, originally classified by age ,|a@nd sex, had grown to 31 on popula- . | ‘ion statistics, and 235 for farms. The cost of the 1930 Census was $39,507,- 580, the largest ever recorded, as against $44,000 for the 1790 Census. Manila Shaken by Violent Earthquake Manila, Nov. 26—(7)—An earth- quake which lasted 36 minutes shook Suries. a ‘The quake was declared to be the most severe felt here in several years. Power lines, windows and the f downtown buildings were Beveral thousand persons The cost has especially grown in re- cent decades, being $14,000,000 in 1910 and $20,000,000 in 1920, The expan- sion between the last two censuses can be appreciated from the statement that the 1920 Census comprised only 12 volumes with a total of 13,232 pages. One Hundred Forty Years Ago In all, the fifteen censuses have cost in the aggregate $140,000,000. The Census of 1790 required the services cf only 17 marshals and 200 assistants ‘o gather and prepare the returns, as against the 100,000 for the Census of 1930. The latter also involved the schedules of questions and the final printing of the reports. It took the enumerators of the 1790 Census 18 by FredericJ.Haskin °« i NA Condensed Chapter From the Author’ New Book li might result in the wrath of Heaven printing and distribution of 67,000,000 THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1934 Today weaekekaekek months to visit and count the 3,929,- 314 persons they found in the young nation, whereas in 1930 the enumera- tion of 122,775,946 persons was virtu- ally completed in a month. But those early days were quite dif- ferent from today in census taking, tor which there was no existing prac- tical knowledge. The Mississippi Riv- er was the western boundary of the country, even western New York was & wilderness, The country toward the ‘West was scarcely explored. The pop- ulation was vevy sparsely settled. De- troit had so few inhabitants that it did not take the trouble to count them. Many of the roads were al- most impassable, Bridges were few and crude. Boundarles were often undefined. The saddle horse, the stage, and the private coach were the chief means of travel if onedidnot walk. ‘The census enumerator was not always sure of his welcome for there was much sectional jeafousy and there was a distrust of the visiting enumerator lest he be a revenue agent and so might mean more taxes, Theideaof the census moreover was quite novel, and there were some people who, familiar with Old Testament history, believed that the numbering of people was an act contrary to the will of God and being visited upon the inhabitants of the land. New York then as now was the largest city in the country with 33,000 inhabitants, There are in the United States now 289 cities having as many and more inhabitants. There was no tabulating machinery then to sum up the count of the census, but the num- bers were quickly computed and the final results were published in an octavo volume of 56 pages, copies of which have become very rare, the Bu- reau of the Census having two and the Library of Congress one. In the volume are disclosed only the names of the heads of families, free white males more than 16 years old, free white females, other free persons, and slaves, (Copyright, 1934) Richberg May Merge All Housing Agencies Washington, Nov. 26.—()—The upshot of the Ickes-Moffett flareup may be a plan to merge all housing activities of the government into one agency. Dorald R. Richberg's national emergency council is working on a Program whereby housing activities, Tow carried by 54 federal agencies, may be lumped in one. . James A. Moffett, housing admin- istrator who is conducting a drive to stimulate the investment of pri- vate money in home-building, favors such an idea. The opinion of Sec- retary Ickes, who suggested an ex- panded program of home-building with federal funds, is not known, After Moffett had denounced gov- ernment construction of homes in competitiion with private business as ruinous, the White House inter- vened, and the two men issued a joint statement denying there was any trouble between them. == ](ORCUIT COURT T0 "Seas Dvres READ AD BD PRIS Nonpartisan League Left Wing Dissatisfied; Wanted Ap- pointee for Lund The GET LANGER CASE EARLY IN MARCH Preparation of Appeal Moves Slowly; Transcription Long, Tedious Job Mr. Me Otiiniieiaiiatiingies. various political faction 5; Fargo, N. D., Nov. 26.—The Langer case is moving toward the circuit court as swiftly as the mechanics of appeal will permit, U. 8. Attorney P. W. Lanier said Monday. Circuit court, a five-judge tribunsl, sits in Kansas City the second Tues- day in March, and it ig the inten- tion of both prosecution and defense to be ready on that date. Governor William Langer and four Political associates were convicted in North Dakota district court in Bis- marck of conspiracy to obstruct the orderly operation of an act of con- gress. The defendants were sen- tenced in Fargo June 29, Langer re- ceiving an 16-month gentence to fed- eral penitentiary and a fine of $10,- 000, the others, R. A. Kinzer, Frank A, Vogel, Oscar Chaput and Harold McDonald, sentences of lesser de- ee. “It has been physically impossible to move any faster in this case,” said Lanier. He pointed out that the transcript of testimony embraced about 1,600 Pages, representing roughly 400,000 words, and that the court, reporter, beginning work on transcribing notes & few days after the trial ended, worked until the middle of Septem- ber. To be considered by the circuit court, the record must be transposed from “question and answer” form to “narrative” form. In instances where there were objections, however, the question is quoted, together with the court’s ruling and exception, if any. Transcript 786 Pages In the transposition, the record: has been reduced to 786 pages from 1,600 odd. The record is now being completed as to exhibits. The transposition is made by the appealing party, in this instance the defense and copies have been pro- vided for the prosecution. has spent the last eight days going over «the transposition, noting points which he may feel do not correctly interpret the testimony in its ques- tion and answer form. That task completed, he and his staff will con- fer with defense attorneys and iron out whatever disagreements as to in- terpretation may arise. In the result of a disagreement the attorneys could not settle among themselves, Judge Andrew Miller would act. If the transposition is agreed to, however, the attorneys will stipulate that fact to the district court, and the transposition must be certified hy the court. The transposed record is then filed in the office of the clerk of United States district court, who has it printed, and when printed it is sent to the court of appeals. The defense then prepares its brief, and in this case it is anticipated the brief will be lengthy. A copy of the brief will be Nonpartisan League left wing followers to be appointed to the posi- Just as Senator William Gibbs McAdoo and Mrs. McAdoo, re- cently divorced, were assenting to the marriage of their daugh- ter Ellen to Rafael Lopez. de Onate, Spanish movie actor, they learned that the senator's son was to be divorced by Mrs, William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr., shown above. She charges in- compatibility, —_—_—_———— | ___Lein By OLGA M. RISE — / A large crowd attended services at the church Sunday. After services a reception was given for Rev. and Mrs, C. T. Brenna, sponsored by the La- A large crowd attended the P. T. A. meeting in school No. 1 Friday eve- ning. A talk was given by D. D. Barkman and a program was given by the young ladies. Bernice Bjorhus of Driscoll spent the week-end at the John Birkeland home. The Ladies’ Aid will serve a lutefisk dinner at the church basement Sat- urday, Nov. 24. They will also have a sale after the dinner. ‘Mr, and Mrs. M. E. Christenson, daughter Muriel, Pauline Thorsness and son Arvid visited at the B, N. Lein home Friday night. Gaturday morning they left for Jamestown where they visited relatives, returning home Sunday evening. Gale Birke! Driscoll Wednesday evening. Esther Bjerke, a student at the Bismarck Cot college, spent the week-end with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Bjerke. TOOTH PAS Help Kidneys i Bima ‘from e TRY IT AT OUR EXPENSE e isk Hetely xii etra tee al y return’ Doctor's Prescription Cystex' size tubes and ‘beck! Cystex Sez ket your money’ county and spent the week-end with relatives, Bismarck were in thi day investigating the ation, ‘Wayne spent Wednesday evening at the Fred Uhde home. There was no oe ea ae View Tuesday as . Laschevitch, af i county nurse and physician of is vicinity Tues- diphtheria situ- and Mrs. Wm. ‘Hickel and son a Bay Mr. ittended the teachers’ daughter Pa- aage Wm. Hickel home spokesmen. | Sunday, Dissatisfaction in the ranks of] John Carlson motored to Granville sup-| Saturday, called there by the iliness porters over failure of one of their/of Mrs. Carlson. Bernice meal visited at the Gaub gooey, pasty taste. pleasant. Get FASTEETH any good drug store.—Advertisem met from team ran awa: 3 kee ELECTRA SERVICE , the Auxiliary boy. The Auxil- is planning to sell supper at the dance Wednesday, Nov. 28, meeting will be held at the home December 13, Wageman and Moilanen Seaton ent it era school ursday evening. y. Eino Moilanen We Hilda Wageman received 9 ~ wrist. The others were not * age ‘Thi oe teeth fo gumm: “prea, today at /.’ Makes FASTOST w2.wercse sxe ALL THE WAY Seattle... BISMARCK ,- Chicago BISMARCK ... TWIN CITIES ... 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