The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, October 5, 1934, Page 2

Bas Ea 2328 Es es. PELE SESESEEEE EEE waPaeneee we se = TAD abo RERS SSSPSR_BRERSEEELIES..SE84ZT88S98. AFzeesuees cy eo! ' / 1 KNOTTY PROBLEMS THE BISMARCK ‘TRIBUNE. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1984 ARE PRESENTED BY OLD AGE INSURANCE Some of Things Which Must Be| Worked Out by Committee Pointed Out By Expert Editor's Note: " From time to time during the winter The Tribune will present discussions of current topics of interest from a theoretical point Of view as disclosed by studies made at New York University, ne of the nation’s great educa- tional institutions. The follow- ing article casts considerable light On the problem of old-age insur- ‘@nce, a topic of considerable in- terest at the present time. BY EARL E. MUNTZ (Prefessor of Economics, New York University) Security for old age is a long-felt want in the United States. The | President's demand for old age pro-/ tection is a recognition of this fact,! and a committee on economic se-j} curity is now at work cn a program to include old age protection. The/| Grafting of such a program, how-j ever, is no simple task in a country 80 vast as the United States with its forty-eight sovereign states. Old age security may be sought in two different ways, namely by the pension plan now found in some 30 states, or by the insurance plan char- acteristic of most European coun- tries. The American pension system is essentially an extension of poor re-|before the full reserves for their ben | Net for needy aged persons without means of support. The original Am: erican practice was to send poverty stricken aged poor to the alms hou: new they are granted a more sym- pathetic and considerate relief in the form of ® cash pension, usually lim- ited to not more than $1.00 per day, which enables them to live their own|the desire, strength and ability of the! lives in their own way in their own|person? The inclusion or exclusion; homes. Pension funds are obtained by taxation, and are borne by the the state together. form of economic security for the aged is to be sponsored by the Federal F. D. Roosevelt Forgets He’s President for an Afternoon fashioned rations as hot dogs, It Isn't often’that President Roosevelt ts able to completely lay With Mrs. Roosevelt and his mother, be entertained neighbors corn op the cob and pie. President Ide the affairs of state and politi id friends of Hyde Park, N. Y. it the rou Roosevelt is shown, seated ing from a booklet to bis guests, with Mrs. Roosevelt in white at bis left. the deficiency of reserves for all p: sons covered who reach retirement age fits could be paid in? This would be costly, but seems unavoidable. The amount of benefits must neces- sarily be determined by the size of Premiums. Eligibility raises other im- Portant questions. Should benefits commence at a compulsory retirement age, or should retirement depend upon of aliens presents another problem. @ proper field for experimenjation. The plan must be fully developed at.d special governmental grant to cover From the above, one may vision! county, the state, or the ¢ounty and|the difficulty of formulating ~ sound administrator, If the pension |plan for old age insurance. It is not work relief liquor drinkers Friday, or- OFF REUEF OLS |Willson ‘Cracks Down’ on In- | ebriates Spending U. S. Money for Booze E. A. Willson, state federal relief “cracked down, on jdering them removed from the rolls. | In orders to all county administra- government the task will be merely|be practicable when put in operation; |tors and county workers, Willson or- one of allocating the expense of re-|its adoption must not engender new dered all persons on work relief lists Nef between the United States, the|problems of even greater magnitude. ' found to be drunk or to be spending state and the local unit. Insurance More Complex If, however, the administration favors old age insurance innumer- able complex problems are at once presented. All of the usual statistical data employed by regular insurance companies must be assembled to de- termine the risks involved, and the premiums necessary to build up a re- serve fund from which old age benefits of given or varying amounts shall be paid. When a life insurance com- ried experiment. Farmer-Labor Party Will Open Campaign Opening of the Farmer-Labor party campaign in North Dakota is expected to get underway at James- town, Alfred 8. Dale, sole candidate pany sells an annuity policy to an in-|0f the group and state treasurer, said dividual a private contract is made tn which the size of the premium and Friday. Although date has not been set for thereby the amount of benefits can be|the first public meeting, it is expected adjusted to the individual's and purse. needs|to take place next week, Dale ex- plained. He is running for U. 8. ‘The situation is quite different | Senator. where a state system of old age insur- ance is involved, because of its com- Pulsory nature and broad application to entire groups of the population. The usual practice in state systems as found in Europe is to insure specific classes of wage earners covered by the law, or those earning less than a stip- ulated income. Premiums may be paid by the wage earner alone, by the ‘wage earner and his employer jointly, ‘by the employer alone, by joint con- tributions of employee, emp.oyer and the government, or lastly, by the gov- ernment alone. Various methods are ‘uged to determine the premium to be paid by workers. Thus in Great Britain a flat sum is paid by all in- Sured persons; a definite percentage of the basic wage for the income group to which the insured belongs is Tequired in Germany and Austria, while Sweden's commendable system Tequires all men and women above 16 to pay a special tax on income, the Proceeds of which are kept in a spe- ¢lal fund to be used only for old age and disability payments. Under most of the existing European systems des- titution is not a primary qualification for benefits, which begin automatic- ally at the age of 65 or 70. Issues to Be Decided With this brief sketch of European systems in mind, let us note the chief Problems facing the president’s com- mittee on economic security, should an old age insurance system be favored. These problems involve coverage, Premiums, eligibility for benefits and amount of benefits. Coverage raises many serious con- siderations and alternatives, which must be carefully studied by the presi- dent's committee. For example, should the law cover all persons above school age regardless of social or economic status? If not, should the law apply to all persons earning less than a specified income, say $3000 per year; or should it be limited to employes earning less than the above sum, or Peale be better 0 confine the law cei classes of employees or to specified industries Pg Financing old age insurance raises equally knotty problems. Should the government finance the entire cost through general taxation, or should this burden rest upon the employers entirely, or upon the beneficiaries themselves? If not, is a system of Joint contributions of employers and employees, of employers and em- Ployees and government, of employ- ers and government or of employees and government to be preferred? Each Possibility will have some bearing upon profits, wages and salaries, and taxes, which must be taken into con- \ideration. What of the Farmer? Moreover, if self-employed persons, such are farmers, are included, should they bear the entire premium, or should the government grant them the same subsidy as might be given to in- dustrial employees? Next, there is the question as to whether premiums should be at a flat rate for all per- sons covered thus giving uniform or based on a percentage of or total income, thus rates of benefits to the tors. Further, if the subsidizes premiums grant a fixed amount per sive s definite proportion ‘of the premium where premiums vary w:th income, which, of course, would to F paid workers to lower paid workers? And uv Howard Williams, national organ- izer of the party, is expected to be one of the speakers. Others, active in formation of the party are also Planning to speak, according to Dale. The campaign will be an “educa- tional one” Dale pointed out, with a view to placing @ full ticket in the field in the 1936 elections. 20 Students Receive Twenty students working under federal scholarships in social work have been accepted by the University of Minnesota, Miss Pearl Salsberry, North Dakota director of FERA field work and women’s activities, announc- ed Friday. Students chésen for the scholarships are college graduates who have maj- ored in social sciences. The course at Minnesota will consist of lectures and field work in the Wright county office. The students will return to North Dakota county offices January 1, to be employed as assistants for a year. Their work at the university is being supervised by Miss Jessica Lowry, assistant state director of field work. Those who have received the scholarships include: Ardis Rice, Bis- marck; Eunice Conylon and Eleanor Erickson Fargo; Anna Gill, Portal; George Jackson, Dickinson; Josephine Wilson, Jamestown; Virginia Kahn, Minot; Ralph Kvamme and Virgilia Moats, McClusky; Marian Krebsbach, Reeder; Dellora La Grone, Wahpe- ton; Helen Lierboe, Turtle Lake; Ernestine Linger, Beach; Adolph Roeszler, Lakota; Patricia Ebert, La- vinia, Minn.; Gottfred Kuhn, Dor- othea Thompson, Carlton Pederson and Herman Kovnick, Grand Forks, and Althea Winn, La Moure. Liquor Firms, Movies Assailed by Bishops Akron, ©., Oct. 5—(#)—In tart phraseology, the bishops of the Evangelical church Friday criticized the movies, the liquor business and the American economic system in the course of their Episcopal message to the 3lst general conference of the church, Three hundred delegates from the United States and Canada, and rep- resentatives from Europe, China, Jap- @n and Africa, heard the report of the six bishops who signed it, sage. Terming the movies a “menace,” the bishops said: “Abnormal life, free love, marital infidelity, wild scenes in night haunts, free indulg- ence in intoxicating liquors, cigarettes, the gun, murder, scenes of actual|, crime in the most thrilling fashicn. are set before the eyes of youth and age alike as food for the mind and ideals to be reenacted, a thinly veil- ed invitation of the promoters in Hol- Jywood to ‘go thou and do likewise.’” Legalized liquor traffic was termed “the curse of the world.” But the bishops expressed this hope: “We do not believe that the rapid and sweep- ing return of the liquor traffic rep- resents an actual and final accept- ance of it by the American people South African bus drivers average $11 in weekly salaries and work from 2a, m. to 11 p. m. on some routes. Federal Scholarships Seager of Le Mars, Ia., read the mes- Bex Hence tt behooves us to wait for 4/mpney for liquor to be taken from ‘scientific measure, rather than to im-| work relief rolls and placed on direct pel the federal government into a hur-| relief. “I am advised,” he told the county aides, “that some persons are using money received in payment for work on federal emergency relief adminis- tration projects for liquor and that. these persons have been observed to be drunk on various occasions. “This means either that the budgets of these persons are too high, or that their families are made to suffer for lack of food and clpthing by the use of relief funds for liquor. “Hereafter, any person who ts known to have been drunk or drinking intoxicating liquor is to be immediate- ly removed from work relief, and placed on direct relief, and every pos- sible precaution taken to see that the direct relief provided reaches the man’s family. “Reports of drunkenness on the part of relief clients are to be carefully in- | | Bulbs of gladiolus and tubers of | dahlias ought to be dug and put in | storage as soon as the frost blackens | the foliage of the dahlia, It will do j them no good to remain in the | ground for farther freezing. The ' gladiolus gives no trouble in the way | of winter storage, as it needs only to {be stored in a dry, frost-proof place. | Dahlias, however, are a different pro- ion. position. | When they are dug e stalks | should be cut off close to the cluster of roots and they should be placed roots upward in the sun to permit the sap to drain from the hollow stalks, not allow them to stand outdoors night, as a frost will injure Take them under cover as stems are ‘drained. vestigated, and where evidence indi- cates that. such person is spending money for liquor, he is to be immedi- ately placed on direct relief.” Old Portugal Palace Destroyed by Flames Lisbon, Portugal, Oct. 5—()—The old royal palace of Queluz was des-. ; Winter Care of Summer Bulbs | but one such event ts pictured here. outdoor picnic, serving qucb old- jné table in shirt sleeves, read- for a time until they are thoroughly dry, after which they may be righted. If allowed to remain reversed, when it comes time to plant them the light, and when the roots are plant- fore putting them out, is vogue again. The stock advice Plant late is followed by late bloom and not half a crop of dahlias is secured in the average garden where advice is followed too faithfully. The roots may be divided about April 1 or a little ‘later and planted E growth, to be set out as soon as the troyed by fire Friday despite a five- hour fight in which even cabinet mem- bers and city officials joined the fire- men, Only a small part of the famous art jtreasures were saved. At the height ef the fire the aged palace warden, overcome with emotion, jumped into jthe flames. He was rescued with dif- | fleulty. ~ SECRETARY PERKIN PLEADS FOR PEACE IN AF, OF L. TALK Asks Voluntary Use of Media- tion Machinery Set Up by Roosevelt San Francisco, Oct. 5.—(P)—A pl for industrial peace through arbitr: tion was voiced at the American Fed- nes Frances Perkins, secretary of labor. Making plain that the government would not coerce either side in a cap- - s she asked for volun- ‘set up. “While the gov- rmment,” she said in an address pre- pared for delivery, ‘does not prevent srikes or prevent employers from clos- 4 rad re an = : lustries, it woul See. of Labor be a forward-looking Frances Perkins step, where differ- ences arise, to utilize the services of the impartial agences set up as con- stituted groups for the purpose of keeping industrial peace for the bene- fit of employers and labor and in the public interest.” The woman cabinet officer, who also is a member of the recovery policy board, did not mention President Roosevelt's proposal for a truce to halt strife hetween workers and em- ployers, but her specch left no doubt that she is striving towerd that end. Discussing section 7-A of the re- covery act, which gives workers the in pots or boxes and started into sprouts will be found to have made {right to choose representatives for & complete turn to grow toward the she said: collective bargaining without coercion, “Now the words ‘collective bargain- ing,’ it is fair enough to assume, pre- suppose some kind of organization of employes. The different interpreta- tions put upon the words ‘free from interference and coercion of employ- ers,’ as organizations are set up, have brought relations between employers and employes to a transitional stage.” As in several recent utterances by As chairman of the president’s economic security committee, which is drafting recommendations for social insurance to be laid before the next » she made the announce- ment that the plan will ¢‘embrace some form of unemployment insur- coeve pain la ONE minute; end shee pret sure) heel fender tees) safely leeven end REMOVE CORNS eration of Labor convention Friday by swee: Stal-labor dispute, administration has Nine Believed Lost Amsterdam, Oct, 5.—()—The Ger- | man steamer Wildenfels reported by wireless: Friday that the Belgian steamer Charles Jose, with a gross tonnage of 551, sank four miles west of Haaks lightship at 11 p. m., Thurs- day night during a severe storm. Distress signals were received at the lightship but did ot identify the sen- der. Several rescue ships searched the area in vain. The Wildenfelds picked up a life- j boat containing one member of the Charles Jose's crew but the other nine who launched another lifeboat, were believed to be lost. Considerable wreckage was located by the tugboat but it found no sur- vivors, N. D. Students Named For Carleton Choir Northfield, Minn., Oct. 5—()—Sev- eral North Dakota students are in- cluded among 96 Carleton college stu- dents selected to sing in the college choir, They are: Virginia Lee, Valley City; Ida Maude Hatcher, Grand Forks; Arden Gaball, Harvey, and John George Harris, Glen Ullin. Several others earned places in the college symphony band. They are Burton Benson, Glen Ullin; Richard Hope, Fessenden; Harris Mitchell, Greensboro; Virginia Cuthbert, Hills- boro; George Harris, New Rockford, and Virginie Lee, Valley City. ROYAL MARRIAGE APPROVED London, Oct. 5.—(#)—By a final act of royal ritual the road was officially opened Friday for the marriage of Prince George to Princess Marina. King George gave his necessary for- mal consent to the wedding at a meet- ing of the privy council at Bucking- ham Palace. s IN AMERICA ¢ By Joseph Nathan Kane Author of “Famous First Facts” In Steamer Ve sel WHO wn FIRSTp|. | ly ue electoral vote stood Jeffer- son 73 and Aaron Burr 73 | when the House assembled, Feb. { 11, 1801, and on the 36th ballot, elected Jefferson.., The Gazette cartoon depicted a snake eut-up Into sections, each representing a state, with the slogan, “Join or e Die” below it. The B. and 0. transported Brigadier General Steuart and hbout 100 volunteers to Sykes Mill, where they quelled a riot of railroad workmen, { ... and while we're talking about cigarettes I don’t suppose you were ever in a warehouse where they were stor ing hogsheads of tobacco, Anyway here's something interesting: ' Liggett & Myers, the people who make Chesterfields, have about 44% miles of storage warehouses where i they age the tobacco. Down South where they The Dr. L. H. . grow tobacco folks say... , Its no wonder so many people smoke Chesterfields. tobaccos are mild and ripe to start with, and then they’re aged the right way to make a milder, better- rngagegit C © 1954, Stocnre & Bivens Tomsece On. --.- -- - a = gente you 4 ra ARSENE RTA DERBENIENE HI sear nae ae hestertield the cigarette thats MILDER the cigarette that TASTES BETTER \ 3 NASH-FINCH COMPANY % Distributors ‘ | AK Main Ave, Bumarek, N. Dak. Phone 447 e ROSA PONSELLE 8PM. KOSTELANETZ ORCHESTRA AND CHORUS ‘ WEDNESDAY , NINO MARTINI SATURDAY CRETE STUECKCOLD 8.7.) COLUMBIA NETWORK