The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, June 6, 1934, Page 2

KIWANIS HEAR ON CATTLE PROGRAM County Agent Outlines Setup of | Federal Project; McDon- ald Speaks Two talks, one by Henry O. Put- ham, county agent, and the other by ‘W. J. McDonald, were given at the regular noonday luncheon of Kiwanis club Tuesday. Putnam outlined the setup of the federal cattle buying program and told Kiwanians just how the government ‘was attempting to relieve the serious cattle situation. Discussing the parade of the United States fleet before President Roose- velt in the New York harbor, McDon- ald, a former officer in the navy, re- counted the incidents of a similar navy day in which his ship took part. Visitors of the club were Fred Meyer, Minneapolis; Judge Andrew Miller, Fargo; Oliver E. Peterson, Valley City; Richard Waldo, Bis- marck; Fred Mann, now of Bismarck but formerly of Grand Forks, and Robert Haggart, Fargo. It was decided at the meeting that the annual get-together of the Ki- wanians and farmers of the county ‘would. be held as a picnic this year. For the hot summer months, meetings of the club will last only one hour. _—_—___—_ | Weather Report , ea) FORECAST For Bismarck and vicinity: Showers the! probable tonight and Thursday; not much change in temperature. For North Da- kota and_ South Dakota: Showers probable tonight and Thursday; not much change in temperature. For Montana: Unsettled tonight and Thursday. showers east and south tonight and south portion Thursday; cooler east portion to- night. For Minnesota: Mostly cloudy to- night and Thursday, probably show- ers in west and south portions; not much change in temperature. GENERAL CONDITIONS A low pressure area is centered over Colorado (Denver 29.54) while @ “High” overlies the Canadian Prairie Provinces (The Pas 30.32). Light rain has occurred at most places in the northern states and in Saskatchewan. Temperatures are high over the south- central districts but cool weather pre- vails throughout the north. North Dakota Corn and Wheat Re- gion Summary For the week ending June 5, 1934. High temperature and light preci- pitation were general. Although oc- casionally light showers improved conditions somewhat the general drouth remains unbroken, presenting | the most serious of record in North Dakota. This is particularly true of livestock. Many fields of small grains | hhave been abandoned and uscd for) pasture. Corn planting continues, | some early planted good stand and color but many fields not as yet ger-| minated and generally soil is too dry| for germination of feed crops. i Bismarck station barometer, inches: 28.22. Reduced to sea level, 29.98. | Missouri river stage at 7 a. m. 2.5) ft. 24 hour change, -02 ft. PRECIPITATION For Bismarck Station: SHOWERS The face that naping may be s niling from bi 6-year-old June Robles accept the ten-weel pearance, ported offered for June's ture, dressed up and smiling, ap 19 days’ imprisonment by kidnap dat you beneath headlines of the Tucson kid- Uboards soon, if the parents of stage contract re- Here's June in a new pic- parently none the worse for her ers near her Tucson, Ariz., home, Oxygen Tank Is Called Into Use in Effort to Save Dionne Quintuplets Corbeil, Ont. June 6.—()—An oxygen tank was called into use Wednesday to stimulate the breathing of the prematurely born Dionne quintuplets. | The tank holds 95 per cent | oxygen and five per cent carbon dioxide. It will be used daily to treat the | five little sisters, a:1 of them un- derweight. Belief that there would have been six children born to 24-year- old Mrs. Ovila Dionne instead of | five but for some undetermined accident was expressed by Dr. A. | R. Dafoe, who attended the moth- | er. “I believe six embryos formed | and one did not mature,” he said. Dr. Dafoe said the babies were born at seven months and not eight months, as at first believed. Twins are common in the fam- ily of Mrs. Dionne, the former Miss Elzire Legros. A cousin, Antoine Gauvreau of Masham Mills, Que. became the father of twin boys three days after the Dionne family startled the world with their five babies. Two uncles also were fathers of twins. - Dr. Dafoe denied reports that smoke from forest fires burning in northern Ontario had menaced the nine-day old infants. The physician is planning to obtain an incubator for each child. Two incubators now are in use. Emergency Cut in Rates Is Ordered | [a SS Reductions in freight rates on ke feed grains, hay and other arti- cles to be used in fighting the effects of the drouth have been made by all railroads serving North Dakota, according to infor- mation received Wednesday by | | Fay Harding, president of the | Pe ects Gale 4 State railroad board, from the | Total, January 1st to date :... 143| Interstate Commerce commission Normal, January 1st to date .. 6.28) The cuts range from 50 to 66 2-3 Accumulated dificiency to date 4.85, per cent of the normal rie son a certain items, Harding said, but | NORTH DAKOTA “Hepldal as complete information has not yet. St est Pet | been received here. Full details 2 .92| are expected soon, he said. Saher ae oh “5 14} As announced, the rates are ef- 1 75 48 00 fective June 4 and are to expire y. 69 «650 00} July 5. They will be granted only Devils Lake, cldy. 72 48 00) on shipments handicd through Dickinson, rain 73 50 51! county agents, county drouth re- » cldy. 72 49 00) iief directors or drouth relief Dunn Center, rain .... 72 51 28! committees or through the state eens rocks, cidy. 79 47.00) Grouth relief administration Hankinson, peldy. 65 50 00 : i Jamestown, cl 14 39 «.00) All counties in the state are Kenmare, cidy. 74 52 00| covered by the blanket emergency Lisbon, cidy. 72 52 .00| reduction. Max, rai 4 s os m4 5: J Nap cleo vid) 80 60 .00/ _MOBS RIOT IN GERMANY | Oakes, rain 72 51 01; Berlin—Angry mobs demonstrated | Parshall, raii 73 52 00) in three German cities against stores} Pembina, cid; 69 54 00] of the F. W. Woolworth company, fol-; Sanish, rain 78 52 .00/lowing reports the firm had joined ene paar. 72 $8 40 /an anti-German boycott in America. SOUTH DAKOTA POINTS | ign, CONTINUE DP Huron, cldy. . 08 | from page one Rapid City, cldy. | = " MINNESOTA POINTS Jury Dismissed ag ere, Until Thursday Minneapolis, cldy. ...... 86 52 .00| i ‘ Moorhead, cldy. 68 50 00) Pending Motion ‘WEATHER IN OTHER STATES | posits in “The Leader” general ac- High- Low. {count in the Bank of North Dakota, est est Pct. Amarillo, Tex., clear... 90 a 4 BEbes eeeeeieeheeeskhesssaesesesesesnee8 covering checks received from em- Ployes, Among them appeared the| names of R. A. Kinzer and Joseph Kinzer, the former for $13, the latter for $15. Each of the checks was marked “cash.” George Thorp, defense counsel, sought to have Lanier identify each of the many deposits represented on requested from Lidecker by Lanier “would clarify the testimony given.” Cross Examines “Do you know when ‘The Leader’ was started?” he asked. “Not definitely,” replied Lidecker. “Do you know whether or not Langer had some money in his per- sonal account prior to the time ‘The Leader’ started?” “Yes sir, I do.” # “But you are unable to tell how much of that account came from other 2" | didn’t approve and didn't want it have come from.” Lanier recalled R. M Stangler of the Bank of North Dakota for the fourth time to inquire. “I requested you to bring with you cancelled gen- era! and advertising account checks : ‘The Leader’ account—have you them with you?” “No,” Stangler replied, “they are returned at the end of each month.” “To whom?” Lanier asked. “Oscar Erickson,” was the reply. “That's all,” Lanier said. : Thorp cross-examined. “you . were or the federal emergency relief com- mittee in July and August 1933?” “Yes.” “You discovered these solicitations. being made when?” “Shortly after McDonald was up there the first time. I think it was in May Mr. Kinzer mentioned it to} me.” Stangler Feared Trouble “Was anything said between you and Kinzer about it?” “I told him I thought McDonald would get us into trouble. I said I didn't want it to go on.” “What was said between you and McDonald?” Stangler said he didn't just recall, except that he told McDonald he done, Thorp asked. “did you see the gov- ernor after McDonald had been there?” _ Lanier objected to the question as improper cross-examination. Thorp withdrew the question and said, “we'll use him as our own witness.” Lanier arose to state that “the government is getting close to the end” of its presentation of testimony and “if the defense would like any of the witnesses recalled for cross | Cianaten we would be glad to do Thorp replied that the defense counsel would not conduct any fur- ther cross-examinations. Christianson Recalled Judge Christianson was recalled.| He came armed with figures as to the scope of the federal emergency re- lief work since the spring of 1933. He recited expenditures and the number of cases, explaining that each case probably represented an aver- age of five persons on the relief list, 4 ane statistics he furnished were as follows: Judge Christianson explained that the months beginning in November and continuing until March 15 also Saw huge funds expended for civil works administration projects work relief. Regarding the number of employes in the federal emergency relief ad-|the Lange: replied. “We were asked not to sac: rifice efficiency for relief. But every- thing else equal, this was a relief measure and unemployment and need was the basis for hiring.” Manley cross-examined the witness briefly, bringing out that the biggest case load of the relief administration came in April, 1934, when it was 34,553 which indicated, Judge Christianson said, that at least 150,000 persons were on the relief rolls. “Can you tell what percentage of the relief money is used for admin- istrative purposes?” Hanley asked. Judge Christianson said he could not—that funds were not broken up. in that manner. “Very small, wasn't it?” Hanley asked. The court signalled his disapprov- al of the question and Hanley con- cluded with “at the time of the or- Ganization of the committee, Gover. hor Langer was ill, wasn’t he?” Lanier and the court agreed that the question already had been an- swered in testimony ‘by Ewing early in the proceediny Under cross-examination, Chris- tlanson said quite a number of of- fice employes were classified as relief employes. “Including yourself, I suppose?” J. M. Hanley, one of defense counsel, asked. “Just like all the rest of us, we've been hit all over the state.” Lanier objected to the question. “Yes—yes—that's right—we're not going into that, into such e wide field,” ruled Judge Miller, emphati- cally, s Christianson was asked only a few questions on cross-examination, then released from the stand. As he walked to the door, Langer | CU arose from his seat and the two stood in conversation for a moment, Langer with one arm thrown around Chris- tianson’s shoulder. As the government began to delve into Langer’s bank accounts wheat speculations Tuesday, Attorney E. R. Sinkler offered to admit that the governor had received $9,350 from “The Leader” accounts in the Bank of North Dakota. Sinkler’s offer was made in con- junction with an objection seeking to bar admission of the ledger sheet of Langer’s personal account in the Da- kota National Bank and Trust com- pany here. Sinkler failed in his attempt, and the government through George Lidecker, St. Paul, project auditor for, the public works administration, be- gan the tracing of transfers of money from the Leader account to Lang- er's personal account, and of expen- ditures in one instance, from Langer’s account. Item by item, Lidecker traced transfers of money ranging in sums from fifty dollars to two thousand] eo! dollars to Langer's account. He testi- fied’ a five hundred dollar payment by Langer for margin in playing the wheat market came originally from “Leader” funds. Tuesday's Developments Other developments in today’s pro- ceedings included: Efforts of the government to show the defendants violated a state law by soliciting state workers. Permission by Judge Andrew Miller f to examine state employes on the ground it had a bearing on “intent” gi of the defendants. Introduction of an exhibit showing Gov. Langer. lost $1,302 in grain. market speculation. i Assertions by four highway work- ers that solicitors for “Leader” pledges represented the solicitations as “job insurance.” Testimony by two former state high- way employes that they were dis- missed after failing to contribute to “The Leader.” with the defense dis- puting this with efforts to show the men lost their jobs because of un- satisfactory work. When Lidecker took the stand, La- nier asked him to explain to the jury his analysis of ledger sheets showing withdrawals of funds from the Lead- er general account, and transferred to Langer’s account. “I will ask you ncw to take these accounts and point out to the jury what in your opinion are the items of transfer,” Lanier said. Defense Makes Admission A storm of protest arose from de- fense counsel. Sinkler jumped to his feet to announce “we—all the defendants— are willing to admit at this time that these deposits, as shown on deposit slips, came from the Leader ue- count in the Bank of North Dakota and that all items mentioned and described (by the government) were deposited to the account of William Langer in the Dakota National Pank and Trust company.” He continued with an objection thet the question put to the witness is ir- relevant and immaterial, and moved | to strike from the evidence the ex-| hibit of the ledger sheet of Langer's! account in the Dakota National bank | District Attorney P. W. Lanier re- sisted the motion, and the court as! ed “what is the purpose of this offer?” referring to the analysis of the bank accounts. “We expect to trace through the analysis made by this witness of these accounts,” Lanier explained, “certain withdrawals from the Leader account the Bank of North Dakota to the Governor's personal account in the Dakota National. We also expect to show,” he added, “the amount of money transferred. We expect to trace the money further to the Langer brokerage account.” Sinkler renewed his objections which the court denied and Lidecker Proceeded with his testimony. In an effort to speed up the course of the trial, the prosecution halted its calling of witnesses who have on the same was charged against the Leader ac- count, Lidecker testified. This was the largest single deposit madc. Total deposits to the Leader gen- eral account were $38,361.93, total checks charged against the account were $37,754.64, during the period May 1, 1933 to December 31,:19¢3, Lidecker testified. From August 9, 1933 to December 31, 1933, deposits in the Leader ad- vertising accourit totaled $5,401.39, while withdrawals totaled $1,732.09. the testimony showed. ‘Speculative,’ Court Rules An attempt to show the total de- posits and withdrawals in the Langer personal account failed on the part of the prosecution, when the court upheld objections terming such evi- dence “speculative.” Lidecker testified there “may be other withdrawals fro-. the Leader account and other deposits in the Langer acco nt which I know noth- ing about.” Lanier delved again into the grain buying and selling transaction of Langer, after Lidecker hat finished tracing monies from one bank to the other. Earlier the government had introduced a brokerage record, from the P. C. Remington & Son invest- ment house. “Relative to the personal account of Langer—where this item of $500, dated July 26, 1933 appears—are you able to trace that sum from the Leader account to the Langer ac- count and to the Remington account, so that in your opinion you would be le to say it represents originally a withdrawal from the Leader ac- +” “Yes, sir,” replied Lidecker. He turned to the jury, began trac- ing the transaction: “The Leader ac- count in the Bank of North Dakota shows a withdrawal of $500 July 21. ‘and| The Langer account shows a deposit of the same amount, the same day. This margin account shows it origi- nated July 18, and was: paid for July 26 with a personal check on the Langer account, against which it was charged July 27.” “Between the dates of July 18 and July 26, does the Langer account show any other withdrawals except $500 on the Remington account?” Lanier inquired. “Th is another withdrawal. of $500, July 31, but none other.” Lideck- er testified. ‘ Facts Are Chal Under cross-examination Lidecker admitted he verified the accounts with no originals, but that his veri- fication consisted only in the study of ledgers and similarity of items. “You didn’t have any original checks or sched queried Defense Attorney now—the Leader account was charged $500 July 21?” Thorp credited $500 on July 21, is that right?” “Yes.” “Well, could not Langer have ob- tained $500 from somebody else, so far as yu know?” “He could have.’ “And ‘The Leader’ could have m a $500 check to someone else?” es, sir.” “What date was the money in the amount. of $500 credited to the. mar- gin account?” Thorp asked. “July 26,” answered Lidecker. ve days difference, isn’t it?” “Yes,” | “Langer might have got that $500) from anyone, so far as you know?” day an identical amount “That's right,” replied Lidecker. Thorp continued his questioning, | repeating. time and time again his queries regarding the fact that Li- decker verified the accounts by “sim- ilarity,” with each time Lidecker re- Plying that was the method used. Lidecker still was on the stand at the close of court. As the afternoon session began, Judge Miller asked Lanier how many more witnesses the government ex- pected to call for testimony along the lines of that already given. Lanier answered he expected to have several more, The court.said he did not want to interfere with the government in try-: ing its case, but pointed out that from five to six witnesses have been ex- amined on one point and “it seems to the court to take too much time to teke cumulative testimony.” Lanier, after a brief conference with other members of his staff, called Miss Vera Inman, highway depart- ment telephone operator, declaring he was placing the witness on the stand to show @ violation of a state law. Girl Pledges 5 Per Cent Miss Inman testified. on examina- tion by Lanier, that she was solicited for a pledge to “The Leader.” She said she thought the solicitor was Oscar J. Chaput, business manager the newspaper and one of the defend- ants. “What did he say?” Lanier queried. “I don’t remember the exact words,” the witness said, “but he outlined the plan, I told him I would sign the checks.” She added she gave four post-dated- checks, each for $10.50, Payable quarterly. She testified her salary was $100 a month. Miss Inman then identified exhibits of vouchers received by her for her salary for April, May and June of last year. The government brought out the checks were drawn on the state treasury. L, A. Cook, assistant bookkeeper for the state highway department, then was called to testify. Cook told of beirig solicited for “The Leader” by McDonald. He said he gave five per cent of his salary in the form of post-dated checks, each check being for $16.20. Two of the checks still remain unpaid, Cook said. McDonald, he said, explained the pur- pose of the solicitations were to ob- tain money to organize “The Leader.” Cook was asked if he knew of any employees in the highway department who were paid out of a state appro- Priation for clerk hire and he re- plied, “I do.” He identified a series of checks as having been paid out of the appro- priation, and testified his salary came from the appropriation He named four girl employes of the department whose salaries, he said, are also paid from the fund. Among them was d Miss Inman, The court was asked to take judi- cial notice of several state laws re- garding appropriations of money for cierk hire. Court Points te State Law. The court Mondays pointed to a state law making it a misdemeanor for state officers to receive and ap- propriate for their own benefit any part of allowances made for clerk hire. The court permitted testimony by state employes who said they had contributed toward “The Leader,” de- claring it “is pertinent to the intent of the defendants. if there is a con- spirac; = Under cross-examination by J. M, Hanley, Cook testified he had signed four checks for $16.20 each, paid “almost” two of them, that his sal- ary was $108. “Each month you drew your salary and afterwards you paid on the sub- scriptions?” Hanley asked. of ment employe, Judge Miller “Yes,” was the reply. Hanley ‘added a touch of humor to his questioning by asking, “are you the champion golfer?” ; “No,” Cook smiled, “no relation.’ (Another Cook, Paul, is former state golf champion). As the questioning continued, Lanier objected and the court sus- tained him, stating, “the witness comes within Gre a f Pag superior under the st sl . i not take any portion of the salary Provided by legislative appropriation.’ . AS Hanley concluded the cross-ex- amination, .Lanier to court to take judicial notice of Chapter 125 of the Laws of North Dakota, 1933, creating the one-man highway com: mission. Judge Miller replied that he would take judicial notice of the statute but denied Lanier the priv- ilege of reading it to the jury. Government es Phase The prosecution has finished its introduction of collaterai evidence, Lanier told the court. He plans to call no mote state employes to testify to similar solicitations, he said. A number of. witnesses were waiting in the corridor and United States marshal's office when Lanier made the decision. As Lanier finished with Miss Sarah Benedict, highway bie Lanier if he had any more similar witnesses to summon, Lanier said he had. “Well, I really think you should this phase of the testimony to & halt,” the court Lot Cert He method of speeding course of the trial. Lanier Langer used a portion of his stock account to trade in grain futures, a study of the government exhibit, Langer’s brokerage account, intro- cane into evidence Tuesday, re- veals, The account record shows Langer transferred $500 from his stock ac- count with the firm of P, C. Reming- ton & Son in Bismarck, to the grain account. The grain account was opened June 18, 1933, and shows the state execu- tive purchased 5,000 bushels of Sep- tember-wheat. at $1.21 per bushel. July 20, the account shows, the governor sold 5,000 bushels of Sep- tember wheat at 95% cents per bush- el. His net loss on the deal was $1,302.40, while his debit in margin was $802.40. He had placed $500 on margin. September 22, the record shows, a credit of $723.90 was trans- ferred from the stock account to the grain account. Subsequently, a check for $500 from the governor’s personal bank unt, at the Dakota National Bank and Trust Co., at Bismarck, was applied against the loss, leaving a debit still of $78.50, The government contends monies in the grain account are the same funds as those used in the stock account which, witnesses have testi- tied, came from the personal bank ‘account of Langer. The government also claims various sums of money deposited in the Langer personal ac- count came from funds of “The Lead- er,” which was made up of money contributed by state employes, accord- ing to witnesses’ testimony. Attorneys Battle Over Accounts Introduction of the grain brokerage record precipitated another legal bat- tle between defense and prosecution counsel. J. M. Hanley, one.of the defense at- torneys, objected to the introduction of the record on the grounds the rec- ord did not involve any money except that from Langer’s personal bank ac- count. His objections were overruled by the court who said the evidence shows five | How we from the sisted by the government,” Lanier de- clared. counts. “We expect to trace, through the analysis made by this witness of these ose certairi withdrawals from the Bank of North Dakota in “The Leader” account. There is evidence here that $5,000 or 96,000 were trans- ferred from “The Leader” account in the Bank of North Dakota to the Da- kota National Bank about the same time as this account of Remington's. “You suggest he might have other money in the account other than that from ‘The Leader.’ Suppose he did? It is intermingled. and ® check drawn on it-would be as much against one account as another. Your objection overruled. i * one purpose is to show that the defendants, among them . would use this money collected from the employes for the purpose of ac- tual personal gain. That's obstructing the government upon the statute upon which they were indicted.” George Lidecker, St. Paul, project auditor for the public works adminis- tration, was called to take the stand immediately following the afternoon recess to analyze, in an expert capac- ity, the transfer of funds from “The Leader” account in the Bank of North Dakota to the Governor William Langer account in the Dakota Na- tional Bank and Trust Co. Analyzes Iie car gener cars Lanier produ governms - hibits 66, 69 and 71, which are ledger sheets of “The Leader” account, both general and advertising, and also of the governor’s personal account. “On my request, have you made an analysis of these accounts?” Lanier asked the witness. ‘Yes sir, I have,” Lidecker replied. “From your of these ac- counts, are you in a position to give an opinion as to the withdrawals of funds from ‘The Leader’ general ac- count, transferred to the Willism Langer account?” Lanier inquired. “I am,” he answered. “I will ask you now to take these accounts and point out to the jury what in your opinion are the items of transfer,” Lanier said, The statement brought a storm of Protest from the defense. Sinkler Tose to announce that “we—all of the defendants—are willing to admit at this time that these deposits, as shown on deposit slips, came from ‘The Lead- er’ account in the Bank of North Da- kota and that all items mentioned and described (by the government) were deposited to the account of William Langer in the Dakota National Bank and Trust Co.” He continued with an objection, “we hibit 71 (the ledger sheet of Langer's account in the Dakota National Bank and Trust Co.) from the records.” “The objection and motion are re- ‘The court asked Lanier, “What is the purpose of this offer?” referring to Lidecker’s analysis of the bank ac- Leader’ account in the Bank of North Dakota to the governor's per- sonal account in the Dakota National,” Lanier said. “We also expect to show,” he add- ed, “the amount of money transferred. We expect to trace the money further to the Langer Bi Sinkler’again got to his feet, He said, “we desire to strike from ‘the records at this time exhibit 71 as im- material—.” “Motion denied,” the court ruled. Lidecker then began his review of the transfer of “Leader” money to the jDer cent collections were deposited in| Personal account of the governor, build Safety ground up! and calmed, agains dozens of deposit slips introduced in Case | been testifying to collateral evidence, evidence, Month Expenditure Load | relative to solicitations of state em- This Lanier refused to do “unless | April, 1933 ..... $193,883.19 12,994| Ployes for five per cent of their sal- instructed by the court.” Judge An- | Mi Fs 165,199.05 13,733) 8ry to go to a fund to support the drew Miller said he understood the 140,601.25 9,886 | Leader. | identification was for the purpose of ° 112,912.39 8471 Lidecker Traces Transfers showing that collections received un- | August 122,401.81 7,674| Uldecker, with ledger sheets of the der the 5 per cent arrangement had | September o+ 132,472.76 8,323|two Leader accounts—general ana been deposited in “The Leader” ac-|October .. 178,370.47 11,186] advertising—and of the governor's count, and refused to instruct Lanier | November 387,923.48 20,706) Personal account, began his tracing to designate the remaining deposits, |Dec. (humai 379,169.29 23,398| Of the transfers. Thorp objected to the introduction (stock) 114,518.14 He testified to transfers starting of a statement of totals transferred |Jan. 1934 (human) 273,922.46 — 25,292| in July, 1933 and ending in January, from one account to the other as|Feb. (human) .. 332,095.00 30,000| 1934. | “emphasizing testimony” The court (stock) ..... 492,131.56 In some instances, Lidecker said, upheld the objection stating he had/March (human) 310,311.37 —30,912| deposits of certain amounts would “some doubt that the memorandum” (stock) .... 812,569.11 be made in the Langer account, and on the same day, the Leader general| accounts would be debited exactly the same amount. In other ins! ministrative office, Judge Christian- | testified. son said there were eight in May and June and nine in July, August and September. Efficiency Was Aim “Were those in the administrative office employed on the same basis as thers?” Lanier asked. 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