The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, April 6, 1934, Page 4

THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1934 Whe Bismarck Tribune An Independent Newspaper THE STATES OLDEST IEWSPAPER (Established 1873) The Bismarck Trib- $7.20 marck) Daily by m ‘Weekly by , . ‘Weekly by mail in state, three ‘Weekly by tsi Dakota, per year . ‘Weekly by mail in year Member of Audit Bureau of Circulatio: Member of The Associated Press ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this F] mewspaper and also the local news of Spontaneous origin published herein. All rights of republication of all other matter herein are also reserved. A Strong Candidate Few citizens have received as spon- aneous a tribute as that which the Democrats of North Dakota paid {Wednesday to Thomas H. Moodie. Not a candidate for any office, he ‘was literally drafted to run for the governorship. The fact that this was one by the men who have known him longest and best is a pretty good indication of the nature and ability of this North Dakota citizen. He ‘wears well and the years do not dim the respect which his friends have for him, At Minot he was in the position fwhich many politicians envision as their dream of heaven. His friends would not permit him to refuse. To this extent they rejected his leader- ship and for him they upset the care- fully laid plans of some political leaders, even though Moodie had, himself, espoused those plans. ‘That the nomination of Moodie for the governorship gives the Democrats better than a fighting chance to win goes without saying. Of all the men suggested at the convention for the post of governor, Moodie was by far ‘the best. His knowledge of people, gained by years of experience as a newspaper- man of more than average ability, should stand him in good stead, both in the campaign and in the gover- nor’s chair in the event of his elec- tion. His varied business experience makes him no tyro in the field of ad- ministration and finance. By nature, training and experience he is fitted for the post. Throughout his entire career he has been a sound and consistent pro- gressive. Moodie has for years con- tended that the heart of North Da- kota’s prosperity lies on the farms of this state. In him the farmer of North Dakota has a champion who will not hesitate to fight the battle for agriculture, both at home and in the council chambers of finance. Probably the most remarkable thing about the man is the manner fn which the spark which dictates a fight for agricultural justice has glowed without diminishing through the years, His nomination proved that con- ventions can reflect the will of the People despite the efforts of politi- cians to control them. The Demo- crats who gathered at Minot wanted Moodie to run for the governorship because they regard it as the most. important office for which candidates ‘will be considered at the next elec- tion. For this reason they would not permit him to be endorsed for the senatorship, ordinarily considered a far more desirable position. They wanted him for the governorship and they got him, ‘The result is to put new life and hope into North Dakota’s Democracy. It will be a potent factor in this pear's election, “ a8BRakbo = ~ Sen P ames ee All Together Now Announcement, that Bismarck has geen entered by its safety committee in the national traffic safety contest should command the interest and support of every citizen, regardless of whether or not he drives an automo- bile. It gives North Dakota's capital @n opportunity to test itself in com- Petition with other cities of its size ‘and class in one of the most worth- while of competitions, the conserva- tion of tuman life. Our greatest national scandal is the manner in which men, women and children have been mowed down under the relentless advance of traf- fic mishaps. The rate at which this has been done exceeds the casualty rate in any of our wars. It has brought ruin and disaster to many homes. It represents only loss to the community; grief and sorrow to the individual. Now that we have entered this PERSONAL HEALTH SERVICE By William Brady, M. D. Signed letters pertaining to personal health and hygiene, not to disease or treatment, will be answered by Dr. Brady if a stamped, self-addressed envelope is enclosed. Letters should be brief and written in ink. No reply can be made to queries not conforming to instructions. Brady, in care of this newspaper. Address Dr. William DENTISTS DO LISTEN Early in January the following item appeared in this column: Dentists Please Listen A friend practicing a branch of surgery has his office in a pro- fessional building. Repeatedly he has seen untoward reaction to novocaine or other local anes- thetic administered by the den- tist. He advises all dentists to give along with the novocaine or other local anesthetic a moderate dose of sodium amytal, perhaps 1% grains. This promotes desir- able amnesia and prevents un- toward effects from the local anesthetic. The suggestion brought an extra-| ordinary number of inquiries, some) from laymen but most of them from dentists. Most of the laymen who inquired | about it wondered whether it would offend their dentist if they called the! item to his attention, or perhaps) whether I could or would send the dentist the scientific data or give him the reference so that he might learn about it for himself. Most of the letters from dentists were quite frank and courteous re- quests for more detailed information. A few of them were scurrilous. The dentist of low intelligence and breed- ing will never, never forgive me for (a) not brushing my teeth and (b) for attempting to brand him “Den- tor.” Sodium amytal is otherwise called sodium iso-amyl ethyl barbiturate. It is now much employed in preparing! patients for operation and in prepar-| ing for childbirth. It may be given in capsule by mouth. Its effect is to! diminish fear and apprehension. It) contributes to the relief of pain and the prevention of shock. It aids in establishing the amnesia or forgetful- ness or indifference that is so desir- able for the prevention of surgical shock. The drug is hypnotic, seda- tive, analgesic (relieves pain) and amnesic, It is also a most efficient remedy for the convulsions which oc- cur in certain kinds of poisoning. By virtue of the license conferred upon him by the state or province in which he practices the dentist is per- mitted to prescribe or to administer whatever drugs or remedies, anesthet- ies or analgesics or hypnotics or seda- tives he deems necessary in any case. In short he is given every right and every responsibility that a physician has—so why should he not be a phy- sicilan in fact as well as in name? If any dentist render a sound, rea- sonable argument against this pro- Posal, I'll be glad to give it publicity. As conditions are at present it does seem that it is an unjustifiable ex- travagance and waste of human en- ergy and time maintaining separate Professional schools for the education of physicians and dentists. Any man who would practice ay form of den- tistry should have a general medical education as a groundwork, and then such technical postgraduate study and instruction as his special field who would practice any form of den- tists already have such a-sound train- ing. Others have by diligent study on their own hook made up since leaving dental school for grave de- ficiencies in their education there. But a good many dentists in practice today are not qualified to assume the medical and surgical responsibilities a dentist must assume. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Design for Dwindling Have you given your readers any advice on the use of the new reduc- tion medicine—I can’t give the name of it, but no doubt you will know what it is. (N. J. O.) Answer—Yes, In the handa of the Patient's own medical attendant it is @ valuable remedy in suitable cases, I have tried it out on the dog—the sly old dog who conducts this column —and I find it takes off weight at the rate of two or three pounds a week without injuring health. Send a dime and a stamped envelope bear- AUTO LABOR BOARD SETTLES ARGUMENT OVER MOTOR WAGES Strikes Involving 4,600 Em- ployes of Three Wisconsin Plants Adjusted (By The Associated Press) Latest developments in the indus- trial situation include: ‘The federal automobile labor board announced settlement of strikes in- volving 4,600 employes at three Wis- consin plants of the Nash Motor com- pany. The settlement agreement calls for a wage increase of 10 per cent and an hourly minimum of 50 cents for men and 44 cents for women. A short time before announcement of the strike settlement Edward F. McGrady, labor assistant to Hugh 8. Johnson, had cancelled all engage- ments and left Washington for De- troit following reports of discontent because the automobile board was not acting with greater rapidity. A strike at the Mack avenue plant of Motor Products corporation brought out 1,000 Detroit workers, labor lead- ers said. At the same time it was an- nounced tool and diemakers employed in Job shops of Detroit will vote Sat- urday on a proposal to strike. Both groups seek wage increases. Alabama Mines To Close A shutdown of all commercial coat mines in Alabama, affecting 15,000 miners, was voted by operators who declared it was “impossible” to pay the new wage scale of the bituminous coal code. They seek restoration of the wage differential between north- ern and southern states. At Camden, N. J., demands by 3,000 ing your address and ask for booklet “Design for Dwindling” if you intend to reduce. . Healthful Site ‘We plan to live on a hillside over- looking a bay. There is considerable marshy or swampy land around the site. Our basement is water proof. One doctor says the place will be un- healthful for me and for my baby. Another says it is a healthful spot. (Mrs. M. J. D.) Answer—So far as the marshy or swampy land goes the spot is health- ful enough. Only objection would be mosquitoes. But there is no malaria in your section of the country. (Copyright, 1934, John F. Dille Co.) in only one way. That is by learning the habits of safety and practicing them. All together now. Let's give Bis- marck a place in the safety sun. Let's do ourselves and the town a good turn by checking over our own hab- | its, determining just what we, as in- | dividuals, do. Only by so doing can each of us contribute toward the de- sired end of a new distinction for Bismarck. | Additional Society ———e eee 75 A. C. Alumni Meet For Dinner and Talks President and Mrs. John H. Shep- Pperd and wives of three North Dakota Agricultural college faculty members were honor guests at the banquet and reunion of the Burleigh-Morton alumni chapter of the school, held ‘Thursday evening at the Lewis and Clark hotel in Mandan. John Thysell, Mandan, president of the organization, welcomed the guests, numbering 75. The response was given by R. W. Lumry, Bismarck. Mrs. Shepperd spoke of her travels in Europe last summer with President Shepperd when they were members of the General Federation of Women's clubs annual friendship tour. Improvements at the Agricultural college during the last two or three years were described by President Shepperd in the main address, He stressed particularly the ingenuity shown by students and various organ- izations in securing needed improve- ments with little or no outlay of money, Pep singing added to the festivity of the occasion. In addition to Bismarck and Man- dan alumni, there were several from other places. The faculty wives pres- ent were Mrs. H. W. McArdle, Mrs. O. A. Stevens and Mrs. H. L. Walster, who, with Mrs. Shepperd, came here to attend the two-day session of the North Dakota Federation of Women’s clubs board and council, **e* * ‘The public library invites all chil- * || oe! Saturday afternoon in the children’s : ek hk Miss Helen Brownawell entertained the M-S bridge club Thursday evening at the home of her sister, Mrs. Don- ald Snyder, 713 Avenue F. Score prizes in the games played at three Juniors meet with Miss Lois Jean Peterson, 912 Ninth 8t. while the Seniors are to meet with Miss Doro- thea Arness, 223 Thayer avenue, west. se * : The Harris Hustler class of Mc- Cabe Methodist Episcopal church. will and Ruby Wilmot at 516 Sixth &t., at 7:30 o'clock Saturday evening. The program, to be presented by a group of high school students, will include book reports on Lewis Adamic's “The Native’s Return” by Miss Virginia Cayou and George Sha- fer, Jr., and readings by Miss Beth ‘Wheeler. Miss Wheeler will give “A Few Bars From the Key of G” and ae | City and County if John Grass, manager of an elevator at Golden Valley, N. D., spent Friday in Bismarck attending the meeting of the Farmers Union Terminal associ- ation and the Farmers National Grain corporation, |“What William Henry Did Next.” Allan McManus and Attorney Hen- ry Owen of Grand Forks were visitors in Bismarck Friday. Owen is a broth- er of Owen T. Owen, state beer com- missioner. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hagerott, Man- dan, are the parents of @ son, born at the Bismarck hospital at 9:30 o'clock Friday morning. WORK 10 IMPROV SCHOOLS OF STATE Institution Heads, Administra- tive Board Meet Here to Discuss Improvements Heads of all state educational in- stitutions and members of the board of administration assembled here Friday for a conference on problems and policies looking toward greater efficiency and general improvement in the educational service to the state. Nelson Sauvain, chairman of the board of administration, heads the conference and President C. C. Swain of Mayville Normal School is secre- tary. A program of educational service was being considered in harmony with the action of the last legislative as- sembly relative to the elimination of unnecessary duplications. Under discussion was a broad pro- gram of association and cooperation Mrs. Stuart A. McDonald, 928 Sixth St., was guest of honor at a shower given by about 20 Mandan and Bis-| marck women Thursday afternoon at the home of her mother, Mrs. John Sann, 109 Fourth avenue, northeast, on the part of all the institutions of the state. Questions to be brought before the educators were a modified program ef education, changes in curricula to meet the requirements of the new social order, the training of teachers, @ plan for a better adjustment be- tween the supply and demand of teachers, a more adequate plan for financing institutions and a compre- hensive program of evaluation and in- terpretation of the educational pro- gram. Attentling the conference are Nel- lowing presidents institutions: John West, Forks; J. H. Shepperd, Fargo; C. E. Allen, Valley City; George A. McFar- land, Minot; C. L. Kje: meet with the Misses Ruth Rowley | Motor striking shipyard workers for a 37% per cent wage b6ost were met by an offer of the company of a 6 per cent increase, union leaders said. The New Jersey regional labor board sounded out strike leaders at the Campbell peed company on a meditation pro- posal. Officials of the Nash Motor com- Pany and the Seaman Body corpora- tion, an affiliate, whose workers walked out six weeks ago, agreed to bargain collectively with their em- ployers as a result of the labor board’s action. They agree to return all strikers to work as quickly as production sched- ules permit and to reemploy without discrimination between union or non- union workers, Unions Must Approve The agreement is subject to the ap- Proval of three unions in the Nash Plants at Racine and Kenosha and the Seaman body plant. Several thousand employes of the Products corporation .and the Ex-Cello-O Aircraft and Tool Co. have walked out in Detroit, but set- tlement of differences already is well under way. Meanwhile Matthew Smith, general secretary of the Mechanics Educational society, announced that tool and diemakers employed in job h would take a strike vote Satur- day if wage increases were not forth- coming. 400 CCC MEN WILL BE STATIONED HERE 200 Given Medical Examina- tions at Bismarck Prior _ to Enlistment Until permanent camp sites have been chosen, approximately 400 civi- Han conservation corps men will be stationed at Fort Lincoln, according to Corporal Oliver M. Strand, U. 8. army, who has been in charge of en- listment for this territory. the medical examination and were|m., with community singing enlisted here in the COC, and 18 ve- md ieee celina terans were re-enlisted. Friday 90) stunts will be given by Scout troops|manship, first aid to animals; Roy jwendsen, horsemanship: night to Custer, 8. D., where it will be stationed this summer, The ve- terans include Otto Alber, Christian According to Strand, 136 boys who enlisted at Minot will be stationed here; from Devils Lake 10 will stationed here, and D.; 95 from Grand ‘90 from Jamestown Herbert Broeckel, Carl Paul J. Duma, Howard Erb, George W. Ferris, Harold Forsman, Arnold M. Granlie, Julian C. Hanson, Ru- dolph A. Hummell, John Polensky, Ole Lockren, Clayton J. Mattison, Fred Mautz, Alec C. Orluck, Harley Ovre, Robert D. Renfrow, Edwin H. Steinwand and Steve Zwarych. From Burleigh county—Carl An- derson, Clarence Anderson, Richard Clausnitzer, Adam Fisher, Joseph Fritz, Erwin A. Geist, James Gamling, Arthur E. Hokana, Wilhelm Kaiser, James F. King, Ray Pfau, Oscar F. Potts, Daniel Schwartzenberger, Or- ville R. Tollefson, Edwin A. Waiste, Edwin E. Weist, and Robert A. John- son. From Morton county—Leo Banning, John Bier, Everett Bratton, Albert Bosche, Harold Davis, Albert Fechner, John G. Geiss, McClelland E. Good, Carl Haeger, Harold Hermanson, Joseph Hoffman, Don Iverson, Mike Koch, Albert Petrasch, Anton Sin- kula, Clifford Sjoberg, Herbert ©. Smeder, Mike Wachler and Henry Welsh. From Emmons county—Elmo G. Al- baugh, Edward Backmann, Lawrence Chandler, Jack M. Feist, Kenneth R. Jadin, Loranz Kieffel, Lester Malone, Harold Myers, Peter Quenzer, Anton Schlosser, Walter Umber, and Mike M. Wolf. From Kidder county—James A. Bennett, Lawrence Buck, Dale A. Bunker, Ray Davis, Eugene Kraemer, Perry H. Leland, Robert F. Loudon, Harold Niess. From Sioux county—Peter Blokske, Dennis Dokken, Harold Jarris, Ebert Johnson, Emil Kiemele, Richard 8. Lewis. From Sheridan county—Kenneth A. Aldrich, Elwin W. Bergen, Donald C. Hempel, Reinhold R. Hinsz, Robert E. Holems, Gust C. Iselen, Adolph Rivinius, and Ted Schlaf. From Oliver county—Joseph Dilger, Ralph Dunn, Daniel Feist, Clarence J. Hotchkiss, Erwin C. Keller, and Theodore H. Seggerman. SCOUT HONOR COURT ‘TO BE HELD FRIDAY Mercer Will Be Host to Boys From Denhoff, M'Clusky, Pickardville, Goodrich Boy Scouts of Mercer, Denhoff, Mc- Clusky, Pickardville and Goodrich will be honored Friday night at a Court of Honor at Mercer, according to Executive Paul A, Netland, Bis- marck. ‘The high point of the court will be the presentation of the Scoutmasters’ Key, representing the completion of the Five Year Training program and five years of satisfactory service as a Scoutmaster, to F. W. Perry, McClus- ky. Perry will be the second Scout- master in the Missouri Valley Area council to receive this recognition. Robert Byrne, Bismarck, was the first to be accorded this si On Thursday 113 new men took ingular honor. ‘The program will begin at 7:50 p. HORIZONTAL 3,5 Who is the man in the pic- ture? 11 Tumultuous disturbances, f 13 Mountain pass. 14 Smallest in degree. 16 Girdle recepta- cles carried by the Japanese. 17 Carved gem. 19 Century plant fiber. EELEN IE Ie IN EID AGG AIRIE Ke} Wit IMIMIE 20 Vigor. 40 Mister (abbr.) 21To assail vig: 41 Right 43 Dignified. 24 Lava. 49 Seventh note. 25 Myself. 50 Hideous giant. 26 Type standard. 52 Maniple. 28 To subsist. 53 Polynesian 29 Sunburn. chestnut. 30To implore. 55 Fence bars. 32To corrode. 57 Courtesy title. 33 Mature person. 58 Female horses, 84 Simpleton. 59 He is —— by 35 Beret. race. 36 Interjection. 60 And is a lead- 88 Third note. ing —— of 89 Deity the stage and orously. 23 To sink. In the Theater Answer to Previous Puzzle IE MIAIOLLISION! ILIOIOIE | A | SmmAIVIE! ANTE MEYIE IT mele PRIOSIPIE Citic creature. 13 Eccentric wheel. 15 To pierce with a knife, 17 Company, 18 Either. 4 21 Avail. 22 Argued. 25 Feminine CHIE! ae courtesy title. 27 Badge of valor. 29 Also. 31 Tooth tissue. 37 Heart or jung. 40 High priest's headdress. VERTICAL 42 Spruce. 1He was 44 Preposition, educated ——, 45 Long cut. 2 Pattern. 46 Black bird. 3 Indian. 47 Law. 4 Corpse. 48 Half an em. 5 Fowl's crest. 49 Hawaiian 6 True olive rootstock. shrub. 50 Native metal, 7 Dye. 51 Measure of 8 Corded cloth, cloth. 9 Platform. 53 Hurrah. 10 And is also 4 Onager. a— 56 Note in scale. 12 Dolphiniike 58 Mountain. af al Nod dma ‘Hill City, 8. D.; and 80 from Dickin- | Adk will be Krug, Mercer. A number of from Stutsman county were enlisted.|before honors are awarded. The veteran group was sent Friday Perry and Dan by Charles will \7 certificates to Perry, Roy C. Morley, Van Vleet, Christ Swendsen, Fand- tich, Frank Swendsen and Lloyd Baker, will be made Bismarck. He ler. Executive Netland will give a talk on “The New Troop Camping Pro- gram.” Rev. C. W. Busse, Turtle Leke, will speak on “The Value of a Scout to ‘his Community.” Attending from Bismarck will be Charles Liessman, vice president of the council; Netland, and Eagle Scouts Arnold Anderson and Samuel Tolchinsky, and Life Scout Lynn The Scouts receiving Second Class badges at the meeting include Wilbur Augustadt, Goodrich; Robert Cramm, Denhoff; Peter Péterson and Donald Van Vleet, Pickardville. The Eagle Palm will be presented to Harvey Fin- stad, McClusky; and the Star badge to Douglas Mutschler and Raymond Craft, Goodrich. The First Class badge will be presented to Milton Mil- Jer, Goodrich. To Receive Merit Badges Receiving merit badges will be the From Goodrich — Osroe Pfeiffer, animal industry, handicraft; Victor Jasmann, reading; collecting, leathercraft; Hieb, personal health, leathercraft, Pathfinding, Ing; Arnold From McClusky — Dale Schwartz, zoology; Ralph Roote, personal health, animal industry, handicraft; Samuel Skaff, carpentry; Roy Schroeder, ani- mal industry. From Pickardville—Lawrence Peter- son, farm layout, reading, civics; ‘The Court of Honor will be intro- | Vieet, Scoutmaster Peterson, animal industry, aid to animals; Carl Swendsen, horse- Prepared bacon-and-egg breakfast dish requires merely & preheated hot. oven, some muffin tins and some aaa bacon and eggs. you are preheating your ovan, allow the bacon slices to cook partial- ly, not enough so they are cooked but nn 80 that they are heated well tins with the partially cooked bacon slices, being careful that they stand up well against the sides of each muf- fin compartment. Drop an ess each cup, ye sure that no pieces of shell find their. way into the cup with the egg. Place the muffin tin in the now hot oven and bake until the eggs are set. You will find that only a few minutes are necessary. Slip the egg and bacon out of the muffin cups by using two forks. Serve each round of bacon and egg on toast or on tea rusk and garnish ever so slightly with parsley. TT? | Barbs | ——<—$—$—___.. The U. 8. Patent Office is begin- ning to make money, which is more than can be said for many of the in- ventions listed there. xe * It’s been discovered that half of your body’s energy is radiated in waves. That's what you get Hd listening to crooners over the air. eee German scientists have succeeded jin cultivating a nicotine-free tobac- co. Now they should find a way to keep the smoke out of your eyes. xe e “Residents of Shaker Heights, O., will have to pay water taxes accord- ing to the number of bathrooms in their homes. They'll have to come clean, too. (Copyright, 1934, NEA Service, Inc.) first 8 n, he ; Allan Van agriculture; Donald Van Viet, animal industry; James Van Vleet, Personal 5 ‘0 aid to animals; John Pederoon, first | Why do all taps drip? Why doesn’t (aid to animals, ith; |someone produce s dripless tap?— George Gardener, first aid to animals,|King George, irritated by a dripping farm home, farm mechanics; Edwin| water faucet. Rennick, farm mechanics; Bruce ee * Hijelle, farm mechanics, farm home, In our schools we sadly neglect the reading; Alvin Just, farm home, farm English language—Mrs, Franklin D. Roosevelt. +a * It is necessary to distinguish be- tween positive and negative Fascism. Positive Fascism knows how to de- stroy the old and rebuild the new, whereas negative Fascism knows only how to Cy ‘Mussolini. * * ‘Wine must be bitten and not swal- lowed. You Americans must learn to appreciate the difference between the tongue and the palate—Dr. Adolph Lorenz, famous Viennese surgeon. ‘The Mount of the Holy Cross, in Colorado, is one of the best known of all phenomena of the United States, but few people have seen it, because of its inaccessibility. ‘The game of chess is taught in the public schools of Strobeck, Germany; children carry their chess-boards to and from school like books. ‘THE LONE. WOLES SON’ 1y LOUIS JOSEPH VANCE SYNOPSIS eye enced ers that fee secre have been sub- to try and retrieve the emeralds. supplied gratis by ard rena Maurice Parry, a envi stituted for the » He youthful fellow-passenger, who Fite roseeth resemb! and diate impression than that a casual from France to America| glance aft from the forward com-| entrance marked the assorted but all mind, i [ i i i i (3 i 7 ? a £ if i if | : £ it é § ¥ Esk i x E 3 i aly 4 ‘ il FH ry fi 5 E i i i 3 i Fee s Ef Bd el “ ae i i I FS & rid f i i ! Epaa af 4 Pal 5, you made before you knew “J said he was, like you, danger- but somehow sweet, didn’t 1?” She played teasing eyes in a pause of mock uncertainty. “Well, if you must know, I find him far less dan- pecous than he thinks he is and far sweeter than he wants to be thought. mean—very much a man; ‘that is to say, at heart a child. world I might be more astonished. But I have learned that there are women who are born manwise, m; dear, from the cradle wit an insight into our hearts that is, frankly, terrifying.” “Nonsense. That all men are children is what every woman “And think Maurice will a child in your hands? ‘That gee won't need five days more to make him call you hard names?” A eds two!” She delerated, but TY eyes, lon’t_know, though. Maybe I'll change my mind, After names are ‘4 Lanyard gave a littl t “rf rede yea pone ees F z z 5 if i i i i fs is i i f : =; i F i i Li rE iH # Hl hy i Zee s E Z 5 i cat iy ‘fi |