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4 4 THE pany, 9 tered at the postoffice - The Bismarck Tribune i An Independent Newspaper |. THE STATE'S OLDEST { NEWSPAPER f Established 1873) TS Published by The Bismarck Tribune Com; Bismarck, N. D., and en- at Bismarck as second class mail matter. GEORGE D. MANN President and Publisher. Subscription Rates Payable in Advance Daily by carrier, per year........$7.20 Daily by mail per year (in Bis- Daily by mail per year (in state outside Bismarck) .......... +. 5.00 Daily by mail outside of North Dakota . ‘Weekly by ‘Weekly by Dakota, per year ........ ‘Weekly by mail in Canada, per Member of Audit Bureau of Circulation = ee Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper and also the local news of spontaneous origin published herein, All rights of republication of all other matter herein are also reserved. ——$<< (Official City, State and County | Newspaper) Foreign Representatives SMALL, SPENCER, BREWER (incorporated) CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON County Reorganization Students of county government have long since ceased to have any respect for the present set-up as a means to economy or efficiency. ‘There is a growing demand to abolish the township, an inheritance from the old town meeting which fails to respond to modern conditions and demands. Not only is the county a small and compact unit through which local Affairs can be administered with economy, efficiency and dispatch, but there are governmental experts who go as far as to urge consolidation of counties. They would check the tendency to decentralize functions of government on the theory that if this idea is carried too far, the expense and irresponsibility of government increase, Responsibility fixed in county executives rather than in from 30 to as high as 60 or 70 po- litical units with a full quota of of- Ticials means, as a general rule, bet- ter government. Unorganized townships delegate the handling of their government, under existing laws, to the county of- ficials. Experience shows that pub- li¢’ affairs in these townships often are handled better and more expen- ditiously than in the highly organ- ized townships. If responsibility for all tax and other fiscal affairs is fixed in the county, great savings can be effect- ed. Budgets can be drawn more consistently and along economical jines. In Burleigh county there are many assessors doing a job that could be accomplished by fewer workers under the efficient direction of @ county assessor. There are school treasurers and township treasurers with their clerks duplicating work that could be handled at less expense and more ef- ficiently under the county auditor. Another tendency that has added to the cost of government is the multiplication of school districts. ‘There are schools in some sections which have less than 10 pupils en- rolled according to the governmental survey commission which is prepar- ing a report to be submitted to the legislature. Many of these districts are finding it hard to maintain a School, Many consolidations could be made in the interest of better edu- cation and economical operation. The fetish of home rule and local control can be carried too far. Coun- ty control of educational facilities is sufficiently home rule in its intent, to satisfy the most ardent believer in that theory. If given the power, the county superintendent of schools could coordinate the county school system and bring the cost down. This should meet the approval of every home, now burdened with excessive school costs because of faulty organ- ization. Only a few reforms that are im- perative if taxes are to be lowered 00 banking with a capital B. have been pointed out in this edi- ‘torial. There are many more loose ends that can be eliminated in the interests of greater economy. Branch Banking James E. Neville, assistant secre- tary of the Northwest Bancorpora- tion, has mailed to many editors in North Dakota a reprint from the monthly magazine Fortune entitled: “Branch Banking: The First Step.” It has of late be- come more or less of a political issue. Jegislatures, in many instances, have made s sorry mess at regulation, Not ‘#0 long prominent financiers de- clared form of federal eontrol banking struc- ‘ture way to insure suggested that, every be foreed to} enter » system and + that be laid down the organ- ‘Many orgy of bank cemusnaoes iis aie 3a sone - 4 instances it took less capital to start @ bank than a first class pool hall. In some instances the pool hall man- agement was better than that of the bank. Thousands of bank failures throughout the nation have focused,| as never before, public attention up- on the banking structure of the na- tion, Canada, with a strict system of branch banking, and dominion as against local control, has had few failures. The great parent institu-j tions of Canada have given the nec-| essary credit assistance and great losses to depositors have been avoid-/ ed. The Canadian system is branch The United States has been a land of easy banking laws and wildcat fi- nancing. This nation has found to) its sorrow that, in banking at least, there cannot be too strict regulation in the protection of the depositor's money. When branch or chain banking ar- rived in North Dakota there was the usual outcry of monopoly, stifling of | business and the inauguration of| hard-boiled tactics. As a matter of fact, the easy and lax practices of} many years spoiled many bank pa- trons and they should realize that] the only remedy that could be ap- plied is the one now in process, not} only in North Dakota but through-| out the nation. Bank operations {must be standardized and banks made safe depositories for private and public funds. | Fortune's article points out “how inexorable economies have slaugh- tered our small banks. Now there can be no happy ending until our bankers learn that bahking must be @ conservative profession.” The article is a true picture of banking trends during the last de- cade or so. It concludes with this comment: “The other paramount interest of the public is that its bank deposits shall always be repaid, dollar for dollar. During the years when most of our industries were infants, we as a nation may have profited by hav- rather than carefully. But the years of childhood are past? Now we re- quire a banking system which at- tends to the cardinal duty of bank- ing, which keeps deposits ject easier to attain, but no bank- ing system can of itself replace the need for better bankers.” News from Germany North Dakota farmers will be in- terested in the report from Germany that scientists at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute have developed a new wheat which will yield twice as many bushels per acre as any now planted. ‘The basis for the development was laid in the work of the late Luther Burbank, American plant — wizard, and if the report is true, it portends additional difficulty for wheat ex- Porting nations, including the Uni- ted States, If generally adopted and enough seed is available, the alleged new wheat would make Germany self-| supporting, with respect to bread! grain, by 1934. Other importing na-j| tions also might go off the list of| world purchasers, or nearly so. ‘Unquestionably the development is | & good one, if true, and of vast value | to the world when considered over a Period of time. It hastens the day when man will truly be lord of crea- tion with relatively little work to do to keep society supplied with its needs. But it will not solve our surplus problem which now presses so heav- ily upon us. It will do us harm, rather than good, until and unless | we learn how to transform these ad- vances from the curses they are now to the blessings they should be. Airtight laws to prevent gasoline tax evasion are being urged upon the state legislatures by the Standard Oil company. This great firm con- tends that bootleggers and racketeers are making millions by evading the law and, at the same time, making it difficult for other firms fo do business. Blending, adulteration and similar frauds also put the reputable dealer at a disadvantage, it is point- ed out. If that sort of thing is going on in this ‘state steps should be taken to correct the situation. Increase in the purchasing power of the American dollar has been fix- ed at 37 per cent since the summer of 1929. The chief worry now is to get a hold of this dollar. Editorial Comment Editorials printed below show the trend of thought by other editors, They are publis! 1 to whether they agree or di with The Trib police read, “North Dakota, real estate, loans, insurance, milling, bank- ing and wheat farming, etc.” How- Capacity to Pay BISMARCK TRIBUNE. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1932 Suyiock!-. safe.| Writes a perfect letter, and I believe it .jrequires an I. Q. better than Branch banking may make this ob average to do that. \ WONT Pay /e tl pt e tic comments and picks up odd data. self-addressed envelope is enclosed. in ink. No reply can be made to ing bankers who lent money freely SHOULD CHILDREN TAKE TEA OR COFFEE? | Here is a letter 1rom a girl probably 12 or 13 years old but with the men- tality of one 16 or 18. At least she the . My Dear Dr. Brady Our class had a discussion on the subject of tea and coffee. Our teacher tried to convince us that we should not drink it, but I think she failed. ‘Would you kindly give your rea- sons for not wanting children to drink tea or coffee. The children in our class are between the ages of 12 and 13 and some of them drink it at break- fast timie. . If you will prove to them that it is not good for their health I will be very grateful. Very truly yours, A cup of coffee contains a fair med- icinal dose of caffeine, an alkaloid of the same class as strychnine, mor- phine, atrophine, etc., tho caffeine is comparatively nonpoisonous. The pur- pose for which physicians administer the drug caffeine by mouth or by hy- podermic injection is stimulation. It stimulates the heart; it stimulates the cerebrum; it stimulates the spinal cord; it stimulates the kidneys. A cup of tea contains a small dose of a similar alkaloid called theine. Tho theine is not used in medicine, its effects are similar in all respects to those of caffeine, tea being somewhat milder than coffee. It is conceivable that in certain cir- cumstances these beverages or drugs might be beneficial for a child, but that would be a matter for the physi- cian to decide. Certainly the effects of tea or coffee are not desirable for the normal, healthy child. That is why we think children under 16 years of age should not take tea or coffee. If children must have a beverage other than water, soup, milk or any fresh fruit juice in season, cocoa or chocolate is less injurious to them child is given cocoa or chocolate as a beverage the greater the amount of milk or cream and the less chocolate or cocoa in the drink the better for health. Often the child who has been spoiled at home will refuse to take tors.” these 700,000 acres, paying full price, loss according to law. the state of Rh entitled to the ‘title, “realtor.” North Dakota is a “farm manager,” PERSONAL HEALTH SERVICE By William Brady, M. D. Signed letters pertaining to personal health and hygiene, not to disease diagnosis, or treatment, will be answered by Dr. Brady if a stamped, tions. Address Dr. William Brady, in care of this newspaper. than is tea or coffee. But when a 6. The state can farm this land in competition with the heaviest tax- payers and so force the farmers of the state in self defense to buy up for the state cannot sell land at a North Dakota has foreclosed acres | equal to more than half the state of Delaware, and nearly equal in size to Island, it should be This | realtor has land to rent or to sell. Letters should be brief and written queries not conforming to instruc- Plain milk as a beverage, in school or elsewhere, but if the milk is flavored with caramel (burnt sugar) or with chocolate or cocoa the neurotically trained youngster will take it without the usual fuss. Tea and coffee, we said, stimulate the spinal cord. They increase what we call reflex activity, and that, in makes you “nervous,” restless, twitchy, makes you “enrvous,” restless, twitchy, jumpy, irritable, cranky. In childhood the kidney function is plenty and it is sheer mischief to stimulate it. Nor is there any sound reason for the blood pressure of a normal child. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What To Teach, What To Teach. I teach general science and the head of my department kindly tho perhaps not wisely allows me to teach what I choose under the heading of health and hygiene. I admire your candid- ness and respect your opinions. What do you advise me to teach high school freshmen? (Miss H. E. H.) Answer—Candidly I don't think it matters, if the health and hygiene must be just a part of a course in “general science.” That's all humbug education, in my opinion. Dampness Is Healthful ~My husband suffers from nasal ca- tarrh. We live on the river and the dampness does seem to make it worse... (P. J. T.) Answer—No, I am certain dampness has no such influence. Invalids or valetudinarians who are absessed with proved health after they move to a drier climate. But that, I am con- vinced, is logically due to the fact that stimulating the heart and increasing | the fear of dampness often enjoy im-| be im conspicuous contrast to what The Brooklyn house painter who saw $35,000,000 slip through his fin- gers when his claim to the Wendel fortune was thrown out of court, can't be blamed if he loses his grip on the,paintbrush now and then. ee * An “Institute of Fermenta- tion,” beer college to you, has been reopened *in Chicago to teach the ancient art of brewing. Gossip from the college towns indicates that some extra-cur- ricular work has been done in this direction right along. * * ¥ will sit. x * * These are the days when Sunday's leisure lies buried under the ashes in the basement. ee The government plans to for- bid transatlantic stunt flights. But the venturesome still can go rabbit hunting on the first day of the season. * Oe * Some are born great, some have greatness thrust upon them, and others put real originality into home- made Christmas greetings. | (Copyright, 1932, NEA Service, Inc.) In Manchukuo today there is a! civil government, the like of which does not exist anywhere in China. As soon as that government over- comes its present disorders, the con- dition of the Manchurian people will! prevails throughout China. We can-| not throw the new state into the melting pot—vYosuke Matsuoka, Ja-| they live outdoors more hours when they're not so afraid of the imaginary evils of dampness and chill. (Copyright, John F. Dille Co.) pan’s envoy to the League of Na-/ tions. ee If a woman can carry around a Famous HORIZONTAL 1 Inventor of 17 To ebb. eanage wireless tele 18 Spar of tim- CHAPTER XXI. i graph (high ber. aA F Maskell were under sur- frequency). 20 To tell. veillance, I wouldn’t mind ; 7 Hoariest. 1OMM] 21 Cubes. delaying but”— | 12 Otherwise INIOINISIEINISIE] 23 Compendium. “all nant, Dougherty. Would called. IPIRIOWIET TSITIEMT} 24 Sea skeletons, ou like to talk to him?” 13 Optical effect RI LIOIe Is} 25 To infer. iia seen on NIOTELTAIVIEIRIT) [AILJEfE] 26 Aria, barren ene deserts. ANI MIAITIEISTISIAITIVIRIE! ,_ tract. pols Oe "| 15Halt quart. [PIUILIEISI (SITIETAIL] 27 Month of tast- Whore? eer 16 Combining ls ing for Mo- “Here. Tony, bring in Doctor A it Chinese. RIOP | 17 Queer. 19 Guided. 30 Rearing of a 20 Having a horse, 32 To entertain. kK rounded, in- i dented end. 33 Humped des- y Answer to Previoffs Pazzle ert beasts. 34 Mother, 21 Caterpillar hair, 22 Half an em. 23 To go. 24 Shrubs ‘yield- ing cocaine. 25 To expand. 26 Sorrowful. 27To feast. 28 To ridicule. 29 Students at West Point. specifying crops to be raised’ and methods of farming to be employed. North Dakota is a miller, grinding flour at .her mill in Grand Forks. North Dakota is a banker and a bond salesman. North Dakota manufac- tures twine, operates her own gravel | Pits, and there are several other lines of business in which the state operates extensively, but the name we feel should be inscribed above North Dakota’s new business head- quarters when it is completed next 36 Givers, 37 Drone bee. 38 Poem. 39 Powerful. 40Golf cry. 42 To iron. 43 Chants, 41 Horse fennel. 35 Delicate men- tal perception. year is—“North Dakota, Realtor.” WHAT PART OF THE BODY 1S THE THORAX P Inventor | 16 Calyx leaves, hammedans. 28 Fiendish. 29 Down (com- bining form). 30 Switchboard compartment. 31 To fondle, 33 Doves’ homes. 34 Inventor of the magnetic telegraph, 36 To apportio medicine. 37 Accomplishes. 39 Writing im- plement. 40To and ——~? 41 Therefore. 42 Italian river. 44 Selects. VERTICAL 1 Acer shrubs. 2 Stranger. 3 Bark. 4 Pussy. 5 Bone. 6 To mock. 7 Material for a brewing. 8 Contest of speed. 9 Since. 10 You. son ‘for 12 years. fleet in the Pacific unnecessarily ir- ritates the minds of the Japanese public—Admiral Keisuke Okada, Ja- pan’s Minister of the Navy. BUT THE GOLD’S GONE despite the bad hair ruffling it has been getting the past few years, man- ages to maintain much of its well groomed appearance. sidewalks one would say that every- body was as busy aS usual; in fact, there seems to be more people about. There are, as a matter of fact! ly haunting the old gold fields. are looking for work, or hoping that something will turn up. ing with them through the narrow —— — ] One sees spring topcoats held over to o | the shivery season; one sees well- bar- | Barbs bered men whose double-bréasted ry suits have been worn to mirror shini- knocked off six million by 1928—” You turn... walks with eyes straight ahead... . But one thumb has crept out of a glove and there are signs of patches! on the cuffs of his trousers. . . well, he had it once! ... ably got it easy... i PAPER MILLIONS tical building fronts. . . strians and each other. . . then-they reconvene in building lob- | bies to warm up... The election settled another an-|polder ones borrow cigarets. . . noying question: where Dolly Gannjof them recognizes me... He helped! me get into an office a few years ago to get a story of an office boy who rose to prominent position. pearl necklace worth $750,000 ane! “Come around next week, kid,” he| and knows where her breakfast is com- ing from—and she knows where she ean get strawberries and cream on| Dec. 10, even if that pearl necklace goes.—Arthur T. Barry, noted jewel thief, recaptured after an escape from Auburn Prison, N. Y. ee & Qur national pastime is passing the buck. Eyery man or woman in this life must work out his or her own problem, but how many have the courage or the will to do so? And that is a defect not confined to|in those who go to jail—Rev. William E. Cashin, chaplin at Sing Sing pri- ee * The presence of the American Lg free I can get you gli m4 on how the same guy back of office boy.” ” Similar banter makes the rounds. They talk in the most casual fashion of so-and-so who once contributed freely to charities and now seeks to get up nerve to ask for help himself. They point to a man who launched & vast investment scheme... And as they talk, millions seem to drop from everywhere and pour down the sewers. “But did many of them ever cash millions?” I ask. . Ha Ae lege a clerk. “Most of it was always riding on paper.” Which is what I thought. ee % A COBRA TRAINER New York, Dec. 22.—Wall Street, From the crowds on the streets and But hey are not working. They are mere- They Standing with these throngs, mov- lanes and listening—one hears fantis- ess. “Ssh—there goes a fellow who He is tall, well built, Oh, And prob- * & * } Groups of former clerks play, prac- jokes while leaning against They kid pede-/ Now, and A couple of the One { An old-fashioned «ee REVERSE ENGLISH There is one block in New York ted all the houses are turned back- ward. the street and the front doors are re- versed. It is in 19th Street, off Irv- ing Place, and here live many of Man- hattan’s notables. Dorothy Gish—and so does Ida Tarbell, the writer. idea was conceived by Albert Sterner, the eminent artist, who started a fine garden in the combined back yards That is, the back doors face The FLAPPER, FANNY SAYS: The pen is mightier than the hoard when some people write a check. by Coprrier sy covicr, The nude, hacked body of Gerel- dine Foster is found buried a short distance from the Peddler's Road house. The grave is filled with a pine-scented fluid, and nearby are two bottles similar to that found in the office of Dr. Humphrey Maskell, Geraldine’s employer. (0 women were seen leaving the doctor's oftice carrying sim- ilar bottles. Colt picks up a blond hair at the scene of the crime. Mrs. Morgan, a neighbor, corrob- orates the doctor's statement that he was with her daughter the day of the disappearance. He claims a strange woman was wait- ing outside his office when he re- turned. Other suspects are Geral- dine’s brother, Bruce, who is to inherit her estate, and Harry Arm- Strong, the victim’s former fiance. Armstrong states he phoned Geral- dine from Hartford, the night be- fore she disappeared to suggest they elope, but she refused. Colt learns that Bruce Foster is an adopted child, whose father was hung for murder. It is believed, however, that Mr. Foster is the boy's real father. Mrs. Haber- horn, owner of the Peddler’s Road house, identifies Dr. Maskell as her tenant, “Mr. Bigsbee.” Humphrey Maskell.” the “laughing ington Square,” stared in dumb amazement, a Pullman about to make | “Sit down, Doctor,’ after presentiny Poughert?. " ten: logan. "The ohtsician sank easily, al him with disarming mildness. * Master of Himself ter is dead?”, waiting outside. she was murdered, the poor girl “No—certainly, no!” “None,” answered the night I talked ce?” wih?” from New York.” “Where?” ‘When did you get back?” “Two days ago.” ‘Thursday, January 5.” turned home and found a detec tive whe told me I should come ‘-ANTHONY FRIEDE, £NC., —~ DISTRIBUTED BY KING FEATURES SYNDICATE. INC Into Thatcher Colt’s office I led er physician of Wash- while Dougherty To his full height stood Hum- phrey Maskell; his hat was held tt his heart, his chin was up- here—that something had hap- pened.” , “Can you account for your time since your return?” “Surely.” “Please do, then—here and now. Maskell glanced with a superior air from Dougherty’s red and frankly skeptical face to Hogan’s shrewd, | pale countenance, and then, with a sigh something akin to relief, he turned back to the Commissioner. pa il OE |___ Mysterious Phone Call | “I atrived in town early Thurs- day morning and went to my of- fice. All day I was busy with my patients. But about three o'clock in the afternoon I received a tele- Phone call that gave me the shock of my life. “From whom was that?” “Mr. Colt,” Maskell, his voice vibrating with a ring of conviction, “I talked with Geraldine Foster.” “Geraldine Foster!” Dougherty’s voice was squeal Many are the strange stage proper- ties sought by drama producers, bub this year’s oddest performer was & trained cobra. A play titled “Singa- Pore” wanted the snake for “local color.” Days went by before an Arab ‘was located who could put on a cobra taming act. The dancing bear used in @ scene of “Music in the air” was] not easy to locate. trained bear who will somersault and do other street tricks is not easy to find these days, it seems. World's Fair, He was s protege of the late Victor Herbert... Anson Weeks, who conducts the swanky St. Regis Hotel band, began life as a meter reader for an Oakland, Calif., gas con- says hhas traced croonérs to Mil- ton’s “Oomus,” where he finds the quote: ‘ filled the air with bar- barous ee.” g CAMELS AND PLANE Cairo—aA Cape-to-Cairo mail plane would not have reached its destina- tion recently if it hadn’t been for some camels. The ship was forced down for lack of fuel in the rocky hills of Wadilalfa, Egypt. Camels were loaded with cans of gasoline and delivered them to the plane. Trade Mark Reg. a ol Can You Make Th 1 Owen, Sloth With These Pieces? 92 HI-HO Puzzle No. 22—A sloth comés into view on the HI-HO hunt- ing grounds this time. He's a pretty big beast to be hiding in those sev- en mystic pieces, but he’s in there. Cut the pieces apart and see if you can rearrange them to form the Sloth’s silhouette? Colt was not answering questions, he was asking them. “You knew the police were looking for Geraldine Foster,” he resumed. “Why didn’t you come = tell me about that telephone call?” “Geraldine told me she was in trouble of a priate character. I ‘wanted to talk with her first.” Dougherty snorted and winked at Hogan, as Colt veered to another tack. ™~ “Doctor, you have an office in Washington Square and an apart- ment on Fifth Ave. Do you rent or own any other property?” “A good deal.” — . “Mind telling me where?” Doctor Maskell then enumerated some farming land that he owned in upper New York State, a house on the West Side which he rented out, and a fishing shack down on declared Doctor | the E: e Eastern shore of Maryland. “Well, but don’t you and I both know that you also have a bunga- low on Peddler’s Road?” Masel was plainly taken aback is. ited so that he reminded me of a politician on the rear platform of e a speech. invited Thatcher Colt, in a colorless tone, him to the grim the particularly most with affected carelessness, into a chair, and crossed his legs. Thatcher Colt began to question “About three o’clock in the afternoon, I received a telephone call that gave me the shock of my life,” said Maskell. of surprise. We were all as-| “Right you are,” he admitted. tonished; the only person who|“I gu: you knew when I saw seem to regard it without|Mrs. Haberhorn. But why do you emotion was the doctor himself. | bring that up now?” “You know that Geraldine Fos- “ sk talk while I was ‘| heard some i bi ate rae have no. details. Will ‘you fal me‘how che was killed and n’t you any suspicions?” “Haven't yt adetat: Where have you been since the to you in your “] was travelling in the West.”|see you there?” asked “So you left town on Thursday, December 29, and returned on “Yes—two days ago, as I told ‘ou. But I have been visiting my rather in Scarsdale. Tonight I re- “She said it was, and it sounded| I noticed a fugitive note of || }ike her voice,” he added calmly.| anxiety was in his voice. : “But the connection was bad.” “What did you use that house “Go on,” urged Colt. “What| for—way off there in the woods?” ene asl er Col “ ryagghts a eka eas dat iked Thatcher Colt. inform me e 1}some terrible trouble, but she| | No Hideaway telephone, so she begged me to core fo her at once, which I tied 10. “You tried to do,” snarled Ho- “What did you do?” “Geraldine asked me to meet her at the entrance of Bronx Park ox "= alo gern Bt. the ere ne, Bey waited two hours, and saw nothing of her. home.” “Did anybody who knew Lie Colt. “Nobody, I am sorry to say.” “And when was er “This\ was Thursday last, Jan. 5, in the afternoon.” “The time she was murdered,” thundered Dougherty. “‘And that *Wetawe does. that affect me?” i? low does that affec is countered the doctor. But Thateher could not tell me about it over the’ Then I came | in Doctor Maskell cleared his heat “You 't be embarrassed with me,” pursued the Commis- sioner. “Did you have it as a hide- away he, week-endg that required ctor Maskell shook his head. “No, J hope that you do net assume— Thatcher Colt held up his hands “I am_ ot Doctor Maskell,” he assured hi TBE you ever take For. te it place?” “Absolutely never,” said Doc- tor Maskell, “Not even for a short visit?” “Never.” she know of its existence?”. “I—well, I don’t think so.” The. two men looked at each other in silence for a moment. (To Be Continued Tomerrew.) toes tag tei ical ak a 2 Bee Mewes © ws ee mewn moe mwah