The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, July 31, 1930, Page 2

THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, THURSDAY, JULY 31, 1930 arth Undergoes 30,000 Shudders a Year, Some Like Italy’s Disaster BVERY {7 Y {7 MINUTES TREMORS OCCUR IN SOME AREA OF WORLD Volcanic Regions Most Subject to Quakes, but Crustal Rock Fractures Produce Worst OUE TO SURFACE SHRINKACE Molten Mass Inside Forced Into Explosion, or Solid Parts Undergo Displacement Cleveland, July 31.—(NEA)—Once every 17 minutes—which means 30,000 times in the course of a year--old Mother Earth shakes or shudders and there is an earthquake some- where in the world. Most of these seismic disturbances, of course, are slight; many of them are never noted except on the deli- cate recording instruments of scien- tists; some deal widespread death and destruction, and others may oc- cur harmlessly far under the surface of the sea. For no man really stands on “solid ground”; far below the surface the restless forces of nature that brought the planet into being aeons ago are still at work. Occasionally, an ex- tremely vioient shudder occurs be- neath a densely populated community, as has just been the case in Italy, and then we have a major disaster with widespread death and destruction. Two Kinds of Quakes “There are two kinds of earth- quakes,- according to Father F. L. Odenbach of John Carroll university here, one of the world’s most noted seismologists. “These two types are voleanic and tectonic,” explains Father Odenbach. “Those of volcanic origin are limited in extent. Tectonic earthquakes are caused by shrinkage of the earth with accompanying displacements of huge masses.” Geologists, he says, once thought the center of the earth was a fluid mass. Now they believe that it is solid, though they admit that this solid interior may, under terrific heat and pressure, become sufficiently plastic to flow like wax. Volcanos Cause Italy's “Italy's volcanos are responsible for her many earthquakes,” says Father Odenbach. “Many theories have been advanced for the cause of a volcanic eruption and accompanying tremors of the earth. It was believed at one time that seepage of water into the molten interior created steam that caused the periodic upheavals. Ex- plosion of gases also is blamed for eruptions. “But many now think the most probable cause is that the earth shrinks, causing the crust to collapse, and pressure of the crust on the mol- ten interior forces it upward through the volcano’s crater. This terrific churning beneath the surface causes the tremors and destruction. “Of course, Italy oculd be rocked by a tectonic quake, but most of its dis- turbances are of volcanic origin. After a volcano starts erupting, its action causes further disturbance below the surface.” History of volcanic eruption in Italy begins with a vague record of one supposed to have ocurred some 1500 years before the Christian era., Vesu- vius, most celebrated of Italian vol- canos, was built up from the floor of the Mediterranean by prehistoric eruptions as was the surrounding land. Its first outburst recorded in history as in 79 A. D., when the cities | Explanation of Italy’s Newest Terrific Earthquake hele LINE EARTH SUIRINKS AND CRUST. FALLS, FORCING ake UPWARD a much greater disturbance and over ‘The cause of Italy’s great earthquake is shown in this striking diagram which reveals how the restless underground forces of nature work in both kinds of subterranean disturbances—voleanic and tectonic. In the volcanic kind, occurring in Italy because of the presence of Vesuvius and other vol- canos, the disturbance is iimited in areca because the forces find an outlet through the voleano. Thc cause of this disturbance is the same as that ot the tectonic quake—shrinkage of the earth shifting of the masses under- ground, and consequent pressure of these hot masses upward and out. But the tectonic uake has no easy outlet, like the volcanic, and therefore causes a wider area when it does force itself through. At right is Father F. L. Odenbach of John Carroll University of Cleveland, one of the country’s greatest seismologists. of Pompeii and Herculaneum were destroyed. Whole Island Exploded “One of the greatest volcanic out- bursts in many years was the ex- plosion of the volcanic island of Krakatai in the East Indies in 1883,” | Father Odenbach said. “So com- pletely did this eruption blow up the Island that it was completely sub- merged into the sea. The island is now reported to be reappearing.” ‘This outburst is said to have lashed the ocean into waves 100 feet high, inundating neighboring coasts and drowning thousands of persons. And yet, as an earthquake, the disturb- ance was mild, a more or less local affair caused by pressure of gascs within the! volcano and was recorded only by nearby instruments. This earthquakes. “The other kind of earthquake, more powerful and far-reaching in its vibrations, is called the tectonic quake,” the scientist said. “These are caused by slipping masses along regions of weakness sometimes called fractures in the crustal rocks, and the break may be far below the surface. ‘The most destructive quakes are tec- | tonic. North America Shaken “Such an earthquake was that of 1661, which violently shook much of North America. Old records tell us how forest trails were shifted so far that Indians lost their way. Mud flowed in, the St. Lawrence river and nauseating gases, evidently from far underground, caused fish to leap from the murky river.” Some quakes move up and down. Others have a rolling motion, while still others give a tremendous jerk. The horizontal movement along the surface may be considerable. A court suit once resulted from an earthquake which shifted a fence between two Properties. The Charleston, 8. C., disaster in 1886 was of the rol kind, billowing along like an ocean of earth with the waves two feet high from trough to crest. t ‘There are several regions where earthquakes are most likely to occur. debe Ian Deere Tractor Binder utting 10 Fect Each Trip Gat Your Grain im Half the Time wth this Power-Driven Binder | With the John Deere Ten-Fdot Tractor Binder you can cut twice as much grain in a day as you can horse-drawn binder. You save valuable time during the rush of the harvest season. You work when your grain is “just right” for cutting—you take advantage of good weather. The binder mechanism is driven direct from the tractor by a power shaft—a fea- ture which means better work in wet ground and looge soil. The same high-quality materials, work- manship and design that have made the * Light-Running New Binder so popular are Deere Tractor Binder. to give trouble-free service during its long life. x It will pay you to come in andsee this profitable binder. We'll be glad to help you with ies harvesting requirements. Bismarck Implement Company Bismarck, N. Dak. : ie have You Geot_ © DUALITY -- SERW) CE | is true of practically all volcanic | These include Japan, Mexico, Asia Minor, Sicily, the Aleutian Islands and the Pacific ocean. In many in- | rad volcanic proximity is respon- sible. ‘AGENTS GET BIGGEST U8. LIQUOR OUTFIT |New York Officers Seize Brew- ery and Cafe Valued at Mill’ and a Half New York, July 31.—()—Federal prohibition agents today were taking |inventory of a brewery and cafe, jvalued at $1,500,000, which was seized lin what they described as the “big- gest raid in the history Of prohibi- tion.” The property seized consisted of the North American brewery and the Palm Garden cafe at Wilson and Greene avenues; Brooklyn, William ©. Nolan, assistant admin- istrator in charge of Brooklyn, led 15 agents in thé raid last night. They said that large quantities of beer in thousands of kegs in the brewery as well as beer on tap in the cafe tested 96 per cent alcohol. The North American brewery is one of the largest in the country and cov- ers an entire city block. The cafe is adjacent to it. Several hundred bottles which the agents said contained whiskey and wine were seized in the cafe. The haul also included a fleet of 12 motor trucks in the brewery garage. The raid was made without « war- rant. The agents explained that they had purchased and tested beer on the Property several times, using an ebulliometer to determine the alcohol content, Raid Dolan’s Place Chicago, July 31—(#)—The fash- ionable Club Huron under the man- agement of John (Cozy) Dolan, for- mer coach of the New York Giants, was raided by prohibition agents ‘jearly today and several cases of liquor, wines and beer were seized. Dolan, who figured in the Philadel- 1924, was arrested. A dozen well dressed couples, as well as the club hostesses, were not detained. Four waiters and the bartender were taken with Dolan. A card index bearing the names, the agents said, of several. hundred persons, was seized and the names will, be investigated. STAGE TOT’S SCHOOL New York.—You've no doubt won- dered when these {Mfant stage stars get an opportunity to go to school. High up in one of New York’s sky- scrapers is a school devoted solely to the education of these children. 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ON ILLEGAL USE OF | j | INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL | Prohibition ion Director Sa Says They Aim to Get Big Violators In- stead of Petty Fellows Washington, July 31.—()—Super- |visors of industrial alcohol oermits |were summoned to Washington today |to consider the problem of effectively |combining their efforts with those of |the prohibition enforcement ynit of | the justice department in an inten- | sive battle against the traffic in illicit | liquor. | While the twelve prohibition ad- |ministrators, in charge of enforce- jment in the field, continued their two-day conference, the supervisors were called into a separate meeting | with their chief, James M. Doran. The subject of united action thus was approached in two days, with Dr. Doran addressing the administrators and Amos W. W. Woodcock, the. di- rector of enforcement, speaking to the superivsors. Oncecoordinated in the treasury de- partment, the two branches were separated by the transfer of the en- {forcement unit to the justice depart- ment. Today’s meeting was the first for the supervisors since the reor- ganization on July 1. Woodcock late yesterday issued a statement saying the primary object of the present enforcement regime is a reduction in the consumption of intoxicating liquor and not the num- ber of convictions which can be ob- tained for violations of the p:ohibi- tion statutes. \against the larger commercial viola- tors wil] be followed, he said, and his/St. agents will not be-permitted to waste their time in drives against petty. non-commercial violations. In addition he announced schools would be established for training agent poof ombior of daily reports from jall enforcement districts instituted |and an effort made to obtain umiform Excess Acid Sickens (WILL KEEP UPDRIVE, |[—__ eis Stowar sentences for violations of an ap- proximately similar extent. 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