The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, November 15, 1929, Page 4

THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, FRIDAY. NOVEMBER 15. 1929 | T | he Bismarck Tribune An Independent Newspaper THE STATE'S OLDEST NEWSPAPER (Established 1873) Published by the Bismarck Tribune Company, Bis- i . N. D.. and entered at the postoffice at Bismarce Second class mai! matter. George D. Mann . t ¢ Subscription tates ily by carrier, per year ............ S iy by mail. per year (in Bismarck) . Daily by maui. per year. (in state outside Bismarck) sees Daily by mail. outside of North Dakota . President and Publisher H Weekly by mail tn state per year Weekly by mail. in state, three years for Weekly by mail outs'* of North Dako a, Der year ........... Member Audit i 4 Member of The Assoctated Press | P| The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitied to the use |} for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or fy Mot otherwise credited in this newspaper and ‘lsc the F ‘local news of spontaneous origin published herein. All| | Tights of republication of all other matter hercir are | also reserved. | Forcign Representatives | SMALL, SPENCER & LEVINGS «Incorporated? Formerly G. Logan Payne Co. CHICAGO EW YORK BOSTON (Official City, State and County Newspaper) | » In Danger of Overloading ‘y ‘The repercussion to the president's Armistice Day side | Temarks favoring the esiablishment of the freedom of the seas along with the proposed limitation of naval armament wii! bear noting. The reaction will indicate {whether his altruism is infectious or whether he has} Jecpardized a golden opportunity to accomplish a great, 1 deal of good in the direction of permanent peace among | } the nations. Already there is comment that he has en- angered the naval conference, although when he spoke 1 in favor of the freedom of the seas he expressly stipulated j i /of discussion that is to engage the London meeting. + and Great Britain in 1812. f! For Ergland the power to starve enemy peoples by E? the method of naval strangulation and at the same time 4 by naval protection assure §* Britain now would be willing to abdicate this policy is} 4 rather inconceivable. There has been no development i: | international politics or relations or in methods of war- ® fare that would justify such an assumption. To bring | 74) up the matter, even in a hint, it would scem, therefore, 1 might tend to throw the naval limitation steps so far | * > taken into some confusion before the conference even “gets assembled. . Perhaps President Hoover knows something that 1s to speak out as he did on Armistice day. If he spoke merely on impulse, the splendid initiative which he} Seemed to be taking may have, as one commentator has | put it, “started something.” The analogy has been pointed out that the president may reap an outcome such as he harvested in speaking out on the tariff. His proposal for limited revision in | favor of agriculture, followed up by his pronouncement | *for the flexible tariff provision, so far has produced * only what may best be termed a “mess.” He created ; hostility. Is Europe going to take an attitude similar | » to the insurgent senators. when the delicate peace pro- Pposals so deftly arranged by the president and the British Premier come before the larger circle of deliberators? That would be a calamity for the entire project of Placing the world on a basis of permanent peace and ‘making the Kellogg pact renouncing war as a means | of settling international friction a tangible sentiment Tather than mere words on paper. It all takes the mind back to the unhappy days when Woodrow Wilson, @reamer of a vaster vision than Herbert Hoover for the good of the world and the establishment of the kingdom of peace on earth, so encumbered his grand design that the load of it sunk the enterprise, except as the / Present League of Nations emerged from the remnants of the wreck. Is Herbert Hoover overloading his project for halting the race in naval armament by a limitation Fatio basis and thereby bringing the world nearer per- manent peace, when he suggests adding thereto proposals | beyond the probable willingness of the other nations to accept? For it is not only Great Britain, requiring food sup | _ Plies brought in by sea, that can advance the pretext for | ) great naval armaments that the peculiar character of her needs compels the use of a vast navy. Other nations, engaged in producing food that becomes contraband in _ time of war when in transport to a belligerent, can also _ Plead that they require a big navy to protect their sca- ; borne commerce. The president must have spoken on impulse when he Propqed giving food ships in time of war the status of hospital ships. He must have spoken out of that ) broad humanitarianism he developed when feeding the | Women and children of Belgium. Whether he can in-} {spire England, France, Mussolini and Japan with the/| 4 game generous spirit only their repercussion can reveal /%t hardly seems possible that the problem is viewed _ | @broad in the same state of mind in which the presi- & dent speaks on it. At the utmost it would seem to be a Proposal that might well have been left to be taken up in a future rapprochement on the subject of per- Manent peace by piecemeal. Third Degree Adopts Talkies It is quite possible that the Philadelphia police author- | jitties, in making a talking movie of a prisoner's confession | % j} te @ crime, haye started something that will have far- | 4feaching influence on American police practice. Safety 4 | Director Schofield, of Philadelphia, is sure of it. q i ‘Within a short time, he predicts, every big city will he @ talking movie studio as part of its regular police » and every man arrested will be taken there fense program to make and photographed. The resulting film, says the | from the congressman's will make identification much easier than is under the present rogues’ gallery system. 4. Xt strikes us, however, that there is a more important ‘way in which the talking movie may be useful in ss 3 a ay to get = convicticn @ to get the prisoner to confess the crime himself. ry effort, consequently, is always made to gain this is, however, an institution in American police sions known as the third degree. Under this system rs dre beaten, deprived of food and sleep, threat- often badly injured, in order to force them to n obtained in that manner is worthless. Th? , in addition, is 8 matter of common knowl- ir has heard of it. #8 i | times it is utterly false. In either case an injustice is apt to be done. Many a man whose confession was hammered out of him has been unable to make the jury believe it; and |many @ man who confessed of his own free will h made the jury think that he was given the third degree and has, as a result, been acquitted. The talking movie might remedy all of that. The jury could see and hear the confession being made. thi em. quite apparent. 1 OUR BOARDING HOUSE By Ahern | FAUuGH fae BEGONE WITH | If there were coercion or threats it could see and hear | Uf the prisoner had been beaten that would be f, on the other hand, the confession | | were obtained tn a perfectly proper manner, that. too, would be self-evident. for the disgra wi Som-> cf the quirks of our legal system are grotesque | j be: InE ha It may be that ll justify tts ¢: ful third degree problem. istence many times over. the “talkie” can provide the solution If it does it Legal Nonsense ‘yond words. id the robber a tla, O., one Harry Welch was robbed of $20. He | sted, as any man in his situation would—and then found himself tossed into jail, The court had ness and put him under $300 bond. ordered him held as a material wit- Unable to furnish the bond, he was locked up. For four months Welch remained in jail. Finally the trial was held, Welch's robber was convicted, and Welch him a of pa Ev freed—with $123 which his stay in jail had earned witness fees. A situation of that kind is simply idiotic. man is locked up like a criminal for four months sim- ply because he is trying to get justice for a wrong that has been done him! An innocent The laws that permit such an out- ‘5s ‘ut of idiocy should be amended at once. Pasteurization Saves Lives Just how important to the public health is the process teurizing milk, anyway? ‘ybody’s Health, a magazine issued by the Min- nesota Public Health association, gives the answer—an answer that is worth keeping in mind. It quotes the health commissioner of New York City, Dr. Afcer carrying through a notable survey of surveys. |the Johns Hopkin Institute of Law anncunces that the | | United States now has under way approximately 1.200 | ie F ‘Wynne, ; Pasteurization of milk in New York cit that he was in no sense adding the proposal to the field! the tives of 180,000 babies, Dr. been the maker of international trouble for some cen-' milk supply is kept pure, however, the summer montis | | Which, we submit, settles the pasteurization question. | Multiplicity of Crime Probes } Japan’s il sf is H Hi as saying that in the last decade the Wynne points out that the hot summer months} For the freedom of the seas is a proposal that has | used to take fearful toll of small children. Now that the | + turies and even led to war between the United States | actually have a lower mortality than the winter months. ! (New York World) | Investigations into law, law enforcement, crime repression and related subjects. | 8aged, 67 foundations, and national, state and municipal ) ‘commissions galore. This is striking evidence of the painful way in which the prevalence of crime, the siow- Concealed from the publics of the several naval nations | ness of justice and the ineffectiveness of law have im- who are to join in the confcrence that made it possible | Pressed the American people. It 1s as if we realized some cancer is eating at the national breast and were making | desperate efforts to find a cure. Probably no other sub- | jects in American life today are being investigated so thoroughly and expertly. To Mr. Hoover's commission on law enforcement, which rises in importance above all these bodies, the news that | 1.200 investigations are under way ought to carry a spe- cial warning. The chief danger this commission faces is that it will thresh over a lot of straw that is already | being flailed and reflailed by others, and in so doing will | neglect the one subject which the lesser bodies unani- | mously surrender to it—prohibition. of other laws and the general improvement of justice are getting plenty of study. But the enforcement of prohibi- | tion and the more vital question whether prohibition is | really enforceable or not are for Mr. Wickersham and his associates to deal with. They will lose their best oppor- tunity if they do not make these topics their chief study. Typical Parley Reply (Kansas City Journal-Post) Japan has made a typical reply to the invitation to the naval reduction conference in London. the most honorable inviting nations that it is sincerely | for peace and much against the evils of war and that! naval expenditures should be limited and, of course, it | will have delegates at the conference, thank you very; much! It is not committed to any special terms, as yet. it will take up with its honorable ally, Great Britain, certain preliminaries and it is optimistic over having an; agreement with such ally prior to the conference in January. ‘What these preliminaries are is left to conjecture. Bu’ | that is not difficult, in view of the firm atiitude Japan | took at the Washington conference in the matter of the | naval bases and fortifications in the Pacific. much incensed over the elaborate work at Singapore, which the sensitive Japanese interpret as aimed at Japan, | since it is the only power with a fleet worthy of the/ name in the Far East. This work was suspended during the previous Labor minisiry, and Premier MacDonald is opposed to it now, although adequate appropriations for continuing work were made by the Conservative parliament. and New Zealand have been very solicitous about push- ing the work. Even Mr. MacDonald is on record as j@onying that the work violates the Washington agree- ment. Japan is also averse to applying the capital-ship ratio! of the Washington conference to all classes It insists on more vessels especially fitted for its needs in the part of the earth it dominates or can dominate. So Japan will be at the conference, either with Great Britain acceding to its wishes or lined up with France | and Italy to battle for the kind of naval equipment each | feels that it ought to have. All the expressions of polite- ness on the part of the Japanese or of the United States will not alter this condi'ion. Each nation must protect its own interests if they are to be protected. | Defense Up-to-Date (Charleston, 8. C., Evening Post) It is possible to call for a revision of the nation’s de- | fense program a3 Representative James of Michigan does, without coming under suspicion of being an alarmist or Sixty-eight universities are en-' The enforcement | It assures | But It is very Australia of vessels, | aa i He i 5g BR y alone had saved! ___ o ot MONDAY, AN’ oF Ducks! ~~ So, Sas WELL, S'LONG UNTIL Nou FALSE -FACES! «I've RENTED THiS HUNTING REGALIA, AN” IM GOING ouT BRING DOWN A SHOWER OIL uP YouR JAW BEARINGS For A BIG FEED OF MALLARDS! we 1 AINT LIKE TH’ MAJOR ~ as HE GOES OUT HUNTING FoR GAME, AN’ COMES BACK Witd A REDDER Nose, * A ROUND GOOD LUCK JAKE! ~ IF You HAVEN'T ASY WOODEN DECOYS, YouR BRAGGING!) Go WiTtd You; BuT You'RE “foo MUCH FOR ONE MAN “To CARRY HOME ESV, _—e—— BARBS Hint for movie scenario writers: It may heip to change, -* * her day for throwing the furniture | © We forzet Ping a: Try a little work in the garden once Anywa: in a while. | the plot. { | - ' a supply of food sea- | Editori: | borne from other countrics has been a vital policy. That | al Comment ‘out of the window. It's pretty hard lighters? Ji A man was arrested in a hotel the mia’s birthday there Have you scen ene | Pianos are not ADEE. nephew of MMISSIONER oi jared hor anders: RA BAR ER. planta LTER NOW GO ON WITH THE story CHAPTER If Bosse DUNDEE had knocked over his chair and was half- way to the dining room doors when Mrs, Rhodes intercepted him, smi!- ing grimly. “That was just a parrot, Mr. Dundee. Mrs. Hogarth’s parrot up- stairs, . . . Dusty!” she called to a thin, oldish, sullen little man in a crumpled white coat, who was vi es of food to a table of “mealers.” “Just run upstairs and see if old Mrs. Hogarth is all right . . . I'm sure she is,” she turned back to Dundee, “but she made us ail promise to come running, night or day, if we heard the pzrrot scream those words. She's been and pretends not to hear. out something she hasn't even tried is. The smartest parrot I ever heard of.” cause of the excitement he had be- lingered on the threshold of the folding doors that led into the hall. “Dusty” Rhodes, the landlady's husband, to whom Dundee had al- ready been introduced, came shuf- fling down the stairs, a look. of disgust and sullen resentment on his weak, unpleasant face. there, laughing her fool head off ‘cause Cap'n kicked up a row,” he told his wife, “Well, Dundee!” Lawrence Sharp boomed a hearty Inugh from the end of the table. “You've had a fine introduction to our prize ex- hibit! Yes, sirree! No dull mo- ments in this house—" “Now, Lawrence!” the plump, motherly-looking little woman who Hogarth now as later... . Talking about cases, there's one for you, acter, if there ever was ons.” ; eee ONNIE. casually: “What sort of character, Mr. Sharp?” “She's a dear, and 1 don’t think it’s nice of you, Mr. Sharp, to make just a funny stery out of her!” pro- tested the very pretty girl, with auburn hetr ‘and wide, innocent WR. and MRS. SHARE. | i | when we only became engaged last | Dundee, feeling very foolish be- night?” Norma asked ingenuously. “Up with your fice tea glasses, trayed, laughed apolozetically, but j and drink a toast to the bride and groom!” Mr, Sharp boomed. “She tcould get herself engaged just the night before I come,” Bon- nie Dundee groaned to himself, but he smiled gallantly at the blushing sirl as he raised his own glass. “May I congratulate you, Miss * he sald aloud, “upon being in heiress and a—very happy \ Dundee. Yes, sirree! She's a char-! DUNDEE. soft-pedaled his acute interest, and inquired ; Paige,” “Sure, she's all right. Settin’ an|nen girl?” é “Thank you, Mr. Dundee!” she sald, “But after tonight I’m afraid you can congratulate me only upon being engaged to Walter—I mean, Mr. Styles. You sec,” she began to explain, in a little flurry of words, “Mrs. Hogarth has—has warned me against getting engaged to Walter. He was her favorite and heir after —after Cora —I mean, Miss Bar- ker—" She hesitated, her blue eyes imploring forgiveness of the thin, ig woman who cat on Mr. Sharp's dee wise, anyway. a | Be can Hust; ABYTHING BUT A JoB '@ sometimes to find those collar but- tons. *e how many more shop- re until Christina too many. *-* * the t the thing for grand- BAVenGin THIS HAS HAPPENED RONNIE co / age in some homes. new cigaret pineapples, however. aes & Chicago police have been put on - as. diet to keep every member of the force under 200 pounds. order doesn't say anything about | pineapple. Each stem of the wild furniture | from 10,000 to 60,000 seed Dust WADE our ax EGAD, A IW “TH? LAKE UNTIL’) Lot You KNow ONLY YouR HEAD ABouT DUCK SHOWS! —~ TD HUNTING f WHAT A JOKE IF I CouLD BE IN THE BLIND NEXT To You ~~ TD THROW FEATHER DUSTERS IN THE but could be used as such to advant- fg. i | | i a | The new! poppy has Dr. McCoy's menus, suggested for the week beginning Sunday. Nov. 17: Sunday Breakfast—Grapefruit, all desired. Lunch—Baked eggplant and toma- | toes, stuffed celery. Dinner—Roast veal with Melba toast dressing, McCoy salad, ice cream. Monday Breakfast—Coddled eggs, retoasted shredded wheat biscuits, stewed rai- sins. Lunch—Lettuce soup, baked par- snips, salad of chopped cabbage. Dinner—Salisbury steak, small peas (canned), escalloped celery, salad of shredded lettuce, pear sauce. Tuesday Breakfast — Whole-wheat muffins with peanut butter, stewed prunes. Lunch — Combination salad of cooked and raw vegetables (such as celery, tomatoes and string beans), glass of milk. Dinner—Roast mutton, grated tur- nips and carrots baked; salad of raw ‘spinach leaves; jello or jell-well with cream. Wednesday Breakfast—French omelet, waffle, stewed apricots. | Lunch—Baked potato, celery, ripe (Copyright, 1929, NEA Service, Inc.) | olives. Dinner—*Vegetable soup; broiled steak, baked tomatoes; salad of shred- ded raw spinach and parsley; prune whip. Thursday Breakiast—Baked stuffed apple, Melba toast. Lunch—Cooked okra, buttered beets, ‘ttuce. Dinner—Broiled steak with mush. rooms, string beans; moulded vege- table salad (celery, cucumbers, peas); applesauce, Friday Breakfast—Cottage le cheese, sliced Lunch—Corn bread, spinach, celery. Dinner—Baked sea bass, cooked oy- ster plant; stewed tomatoes (canned) ; salad of cold cooked asparagus; no dessert. eR HS Service, Inc. igeon; Norma smiled upon him. “Would you seally like to meet her tonight? She adores meeting new people.” “That, my dear’ Norma,” Mr.! “Oh, you won't be a stranger: did, and no hard feelings on my part, either—she picks out another favorite, and as Cora says, I guess you cap be the fair-haired boy next, if the idea appeals to you.” “But—why?” His admiring eyes, Norma, advertised the fact that he could not conceive of Mrs. Ho Barth's getting tired of her, “ity Sharp laughed, “is because happen to be her favorite and heir- ess for the moment. another tune when she cuts you out of her will, #s she did Dais Cora and Walter—” “That's not true!” Norma Paige trying to teach them to him for a flashed, her lovely eyes seeking week, but he’s stubborn sometimes, ' those of the young man who sat be- Then, | side her. “Shall I tell them now, when you least expect it, he screams Welter?” she asked. ] a think it's a secret,” Wal-! to teach him. A queer bird, Cap'n ter Styles laughed. you You'll sing seated opposite her. long —not unless you're like Mr. Dowd here—” and she arched her brows at a slight, difident, very ordinary-looking man of 35 or 40 “Mr. Dowd's been here @ week today, but he's not what Mr. Sharp would call a 8000 mixer. But that's neither here nor there, I guess what you're in- terested in is old Mrs. Hogarth, If ‘you're not, you ought to be.” Dundee was startled. Had he be- trayed himself in some way? “Why “Why, how could they know, Should I be, Miss Barker?” “Ob, shoot the works!” Barker retorted bitterly, her heav- ily rouged mouth twisting unpleas- antly. “Or if you're too much of & shrinking violet, I'l put Mr. Dun- I might as well, hear the whole story before dark + + + You'll think us a {funny crowd, I suppose, Mr. Dun- dee,” she added, with a startlingly swift change of manner. rr THINK you are all most amaz- ingly friendly to a stranger,” exes the color of dewy wood violets. | Dundee answered sincerely, Cora Barker's cynical, ter?” pet, wasn’t it, Daisy?” before her, Cora He'll reason she much. When smile was again “Because you'll be next in ilne for the great hidden hoard, it I'm not a poor guesser. As Norma has told you, I was our fairy god- mother's favorite child before Wal- ter Styles edged me out of the will. ‘That was in May, wasn't it, Wal- Norma's young man flushed and lowered his brown eyes, “I—think 80, Cora, Lord knows I didn't try to vamp her, but she was looking around for a new heir, and—" “And you got the job of dancing long, and the pay too far in the future—if ever. Pretty expensive, too, being her. The big, jolly-looking girl seated next to Cora Barker tore her at- tention reluctantly from the well- filled plate which had just been set “T' say it was expensive!” she chuckled good-naturedly. “You Mr. Dundee, old Mrs. Hogarth miser, Got a big wad of money hidden away in her room some-|She where. Keeps the keys of her trunk and desk on » chain around Ker |#h neck. She's fatter than I am, by the way—believe it or not!” and Daisy Shepherd laughed whole- heartedly at herself, “Weighs about 300, I guess, Can't come downstairs, because she's got a funny heart. She loves excitement. That's the inges her will so gets tired of one of us, or we get tired cf her—as I 'T was Norma’s soft voice that had returned to her dinner, “I thought I explained,” she j Smiled, her blush deepening under the ardor of his gaze. “Walter and Mrs, Hogarth had a dreadful quar- tel, or rather, Mrs. Hogarth acts as if it were dreadful. Walter won't tell me what it was about, but any- way, almost as soon board here on the third of June, Mrs. Hogarth cut Walter out of her will, and put my name in, instead. But yesterday she told me that it Walter and I became engaged she'd cut me out of the will, too. But we became pd We're going to tell her about “Foolish child!” Sharp, wagging a playful 5 “Don’t tell her till you're married. ton Pate dont say i" Nort “Oh! n't say it!” Norma begged, Norma smiled upon him. “Would * you really like to meet her tonight? be able to get her into such an amiable mood that she wouldn't be quite so angry with me, I—I—* The soft little mouth quivered, “I hate terribly to upset her, because she really is fond of me. 1 could take you up to meet her after din- up together when you've left her.” Dundee puzzled. fixed upon answered, for Daisy Shepherd I came to engaged anyway, and to- boomed Mr, finger. adores meeting new people. awfully lonely and very interesting. You might 3; then Walter and I could go (To Be Continued) SATURDAY Breakfast—Coddled eggs, re-toast- ed Shredded Wheat Biscuit. Dish of berries (canned). Lunch—8-ounce glass of grapejuice. Dinner—Roast pork,-cooked turnips and tops. Combination salad of celery, cucumber, tomatoes and lettuce, Jellc or Jell-well. “Vegetable soup: To make sour stock use 1 pound of meat (ground) to two quarts of water. If any bone is used, and less meat, have your butcher break it into small pieces and use a little less water. Cover in cold water and slowly bring to a boil. Continue boiling for an hour, remov- ing any skum that may form. Strain and let cool. Skim off all fat that rises to the surtace. If stock equals 2 quarts, add the following quantities of vegetables, or more or Jess, accord- ing to the amount of liquid: 2 or 3 finely diced small (unpecled). 1 emall stock of celery and leaves cut fine. 1 tablespoonful of chopped parsley 1 small cen of tomatoes. Any other green vegetable desired, such as spinach or lettuce. Return to fire and simmer until vegetables are tender. Serve with croutons made of Melba toast. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Electricity in Paralysis Question: F. D. asks: “Can you advise me concerning the use of the infra red or the violet ray as a cure for paralysis? I understand electric- ity administered is very harmful.” Answer: The infra red ray is very Good, but the violet ray would prob- ably not have any effect. The ultra violet might prove beneficial if pro- Perly administered. Slow sinusoidal currents also seem to produce very Good results in paralysis. Baby's Dict Question: Mrs. R. A. B. asks: “What is the best artificial food for a baby? How old must a baby be be- fore he may have vegetable juice?” Answer: After changing from breast nursing the baby should be given nothing but Holstein milk and orange juice up to about two years of age, after which he should take a little less milk and begin using the minced, non-starchy vegetables. Varicose Veins Question: Mrs. F. H. W. writes: “I am greatly troubled with varicose veins, in one leg, which aches a great deal. My doctor ad- vised me to have a medicine injected into these veins which will gradually destroy them. The process is very slow, and he tells me it will take me off my feet. What is your advice?” Answer: There is a definite hazard with injection treatment for varicose veins because of the danger of em- bolism, which means the lodgment of a blood clot obstructing circula- tion. I would suggest the ice treat- ment—that is, rubbing ice on the veins several times daily for as long as five minutes at a time. This is especially beneficial if taken with the limbs elevated so that the blood will empty from the veins when the ice is applied. a it, 1929, by The Bell Syndi- inc.) cate, f Our Yesterdays ] o— carrots FORTY YEARS AGO “Lafe” Grover who graduated from the Bismarck telegraph office, is now working at the Western Union office in Helena, Mont. Senator Diesem and family have arrived from La Moure, and are set- tled in Bismarck for the session. Miss C. E. Drummond of Louisville, Ky., sister of R. W. Drummond, ar- rived yesterday to spend the winter in Bismarck. Auditor and Mrs, Bray arrived to- day from Grand Forks, and are stop- Ping at the Sheridan. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO Judge Winchester returned from Mandan this afternoon. Judge Palda is holding court for him for a few days, 'W. E. Coates left today for Car- rington, where he will lcok after leasing some land. General E. 8. Miller gave n house- warming party at his new cottage on Fourth street to which he and Mrs. Miller moved recently, ~ - ‘Miss Cora Strauss left today for St. Paul, and later may go to St. Louis for the fair. Japan has about 14 national holi- SAYS: “¢ trr* a) | | | Nn ,