The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, April 7, 1928, Page 4

Page views left: 0

You have reached the hourly page view limit. Unlock higher limit to our entire archive!

Subscribers enjoy higher page view limit, downloads, and exclusive features.

Text content (automatically generated)

PAGE FUUK — “4 The Bismarck Tribune An Independent Newspaper THE STATE'S OLDEST NEWSPAPER (Established 1873) Pablished by the Bismarck Tribune C mpany, Bis- * marck, N. D., and enterea at the postoffice at Bis- taarck as second class mail matter George D. Mann ............. President ana Publisher Subscription Rates Payable in Advance Daily by carrier, per year .. Daily by mail, per year, (in Daily by mail, per year, (in state outelde Bismarck) ..... Daily by mail, sutside of North Dakota Weekly by mail, in state, per year ......-.+..... 1.00 Week'y by mail, .a state, three years for . Wec':ly by mail, outside of North Dako'a, pe year ooo 1.60 Member Audit Bureau of Circulation Member of The Associated Press Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the tepublic.tion of all news ulspatches credited t not otherwise credited in this newspaper, and » t.@ local news of spontaneous origin published erein All rights of republication of all other mat- or hervin are also reserved. Foreign Representatives G. LOGAN PAYNE COMPANY NEW YORK - - - Fifth Ave. Bidg. CHICAGO DETROIT Tower Bldg. Kresge Bldg. ec (Official City. State and County Newspaper) f° Ste ereverscerenceere ei 1 H Easter Never did the world need the essential mean- ing and the spiritual stimulus of Easter more than in this year of grace. On every hand are those whom the state of the world disheartens. We ar® told, if we listen to their lamentation, mi that : 1 has failed, that the plain, homely virti ith and loving-kindness and merc as be men and their fellows are dead o inopera...e, and in this vale of tears the mourn- ers are the most sensible of mortals, since there is no reason to rejoice in anything we hear or see. To such an attitude of mind Easter comes as/ 2 shining and a beautiful refutation, as an angel seen by those who are in sorrow round atomb. Easter is not to be observed merely as the commemoration of triumph over the grave, a victory over death, nineteen centuries ago. It stands for the glory and the power Of a resurrection here and now—of a rebirth day, of the springing of new life in this glad hour for “a confident tomorrow.” The mean- ing of the festival is not to be confined with the ceremony of any sect or any ritual. It can- not all be told in music or in flowers or in the wings and fire of the most eloquent of sermons. It is not all in the glow of the hour of pray2r and praise and song. It goes far deeper than words can utter; it reaches the deepest of the truths we know, at the very heart of our hu- man lives, in the need of that which is higher than ourselves, and in their aspiration toward that which is true eternally. f RELOORELALOEDOATOLODEDD the ancient message of! We know, in April, that we are im-| That, perhaps, is why we feel so in-| dolent. What is time to a being who has all eternity? The whole earth is ours to do with as we like; what if this life is fleeting? Some- {thing deeper than reason or experience comes | to us on the spring breezes and whispers that iendless time stretches out ahead ot ike a, country road in April, ours to explore as we} please, What would happen it we ail gave way to the impulse of spring together some day? Sup-| pose we all yielded some morning and quit our shops and offices and strolled out into the | country, resolved to do nothing but enjoy the} ispring weather? Well, the wheels of industry } ‘would doubtless be put sadly askew, for the day; in addition, most of us probably would catch colds. : Yet it isn’t a bad idea. Industry would soon | jcatch up, and a cold is soon cured. And if we ,;could momentarily renew our contact with the | (earth, and draw from it an infusion of its eternal youth, it would be well worth anything. | insistently repeats ; Easter. mortal. | i Revenge | Through past ages wild justice decimated human beings. Even today, respect for prop- erty and human life is but skin deep in the anatomy of civilization. Granted a well-ordered | home in childhood, an education normally effec- tive, and adult activities in a community duly regardful of civil rights. “cultivated” justice for the most part prev. Lacking all this, or any essential part of it, mankind quickly ons of the jungle and the Do away with decent home life, with jeffective education and habitual regard for law, jand gang law takes its place. When a New York gangster was questioned y the police concerning the murder of a mem- ber of a rival gang his serious answer was: | “Listen, Captain. This is a personal affair, | | The police ain’t got no business interferin’.” The morals of the gang are those of the; jungle and the stone age. Gang law presumes | the individual to be a law unto himself ; or, that failing, his cause is taken up by his clan and, waged with all the arts of ambush and treach- ery. When one of its members is slain the; gang never appeals to the police for justice, but takes the law in its own hands. “Revenge is wild justice,” wrote Bacon, and he might have added that the instinctive desire for revenge is only partly suppressed in man, ever ready to resort to “wild justice.” | Editorial Comment | ree aa T Ca ctr erica || Secretary Mellon and Senator Couzens (Chicago Tribune) Senator James Couzens of Michigan has intro- duced a resolution asking for the resignation of Secretary Mellon. Mr. Couzens finds Mr. It is each man’s resurrection and not that of Christ alone on which this day insists forever. It is in your power and mine to cast off what is of the earth earthly, that holds us down to *se mundane and the material. Easter is the *“cedom and light, the upspringing joy of the -oneipation of the soul of man. Least of all festivals is it a time for selfish introspec- 4, for the backward look and the unprofitable vblance of failure and disaster, the sin ing and the shame disfiguring the pattern or human lives. It is, instead, the time ‘t 2 looking and thinking and acting beyond 1 vray from ourselves, 4s in the solemn and beautiful jubilee we consider the lilies, and hear the music, and feel the inspiration of the sermon and enter into the radiance and the rapture of the morn- ing, let us take thought how we may impart to other lives and bring to other hearts the joy we feel, knowing that as we are ministered unto it is our duty to minister and to spread abroad the message of the Eastertide to a world that-needs all the cheer that any has to give. April Hope! Every spring, when we celebrate the great _ Easter festival, the earth is rejuvenated. A hint of its lost youth comes back. We get a eg ad of what life must have been back in fabled Golden Age, when the globe was still new and unsullied. Those of us who live and work in cities and towns might be e: to miss this spring- pear in the woodlands ; except for little patches | of lawn and park, we are unable to keep tab | on the arrival of the new grass. We miss the | awakening of the forest, where black, barren ' branches suddenly become clothed in delicate | green mists. | _ But we know spring is here, just the same. | Spring is an insidious thing; it steals into our hearts and develops there the seeds that have | dain torpid all winter. The child of the slums, | who never sees a tree or a lawn, knows when pring is here as infallibly as the farmer’s boy. _ ._ It unsettles us and makes us restless. At times we feel strange impulses stirring within; |; the open road beckons more strongly than at | any other time, and we feel our latent kinship _ with the gypsies. Spring has taken the scales | off our eyes and enabled us to see that nothing , life can hold is worth as much as springtime | . Spring is contradictory. There is something in the sunshine. pagan about it; yet, at the same time, spring | IN NEW YORK | ° ‘yi aaa eee. \ New York, April 7.—Style sleuth- is one of New York’s busiest >ations, + St as a detective hunts down %ei man, or a baseball scout pur- s°3 his rookie, or a book collector tescke down his rare editions, just +a the style sleuth bobs up wherever women are likely to months, become styles of a nation. You'll find “styl; You'll see them in able music halls Many of them a teens, who affect accent and try so grown-up. Yet in want. They have py deportment,” A certain sense same zest for a activities of marks the | time rebirth. We don’t see the flowers ap-|Th and at the theaters, young, slender, lovely youngsters who seem scarcely out of their pasudo-worldliness now what the public is Mellon in turpitude because the secretary did| 8 not come forward voluntarily with the infor- mation that Will Hays was running about with Sinclair's Liberty bond contributions to the| di Republican chest trying to exchange them for personal checks and thus keep the oil out of his records. When Mr. Mellon was called before the sen- ate committee he told of his own part in Mr. Hays’ artful dodging. He was sent $50,000 in bonds and Hays $160,000 from Hi sti Sinclair to meet part Democrats that the part: getting itsel: Harmony. date. IT SEEMS BEA NATIONAL INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON LETTER BY RODNEY DUTCHER Washington, April 7.—It will re- quire some able thinking—not to say a positive miracle—to keep the from discarding their chances for a 1928 victory by once more known as Harmon: throwing the lady that’s ny into the soup. The proposal o: perhaps the best to date. vided between To the dry De larmony means _ eliminating To the wet campaign deficit and all things considered he| Yt their combined voice is weak. did not want it to appear on the books. solvent, reputable and were asked to checks in exchange. Then the books would be as clean as a vestry record. Mr. Mellon conducted himself with personal scrupulousness. He made the $50,000 contri- bution out of his pocket to hel the deficit and he gave Mr. bonds. His hands were clean the transaction, it. And principally what he didn’t do was to a turn policeman. The question is whether he should have turned Mr. Hays up for the inspec-| @ tion of the senate committee on public lands. Hays was handling the bonds as the autumn of 1923. The committee Was ac- tively engaged with Mr. Sinclair at that time. Fall had been out of the cabinet since the pre- ceding March and every one knows why he was out but not then all of the reasons. The nomi- nations and elections were coming within a year, Democrats in congress were hoping that Teapot Dome would give them the presidency The Republicans were actively hoping that it would not. In these circumstances Mr. Mellon did not turn policeman. He was sufficiently distrustful of Mr. Hays’ game not to have any- thing to do with it himself. For this his rea- sons may have been varied. As a man of great wealth and of high place in the government and in his party he may have thou; ht that any help he gave on the deficit should be out of his own Pocket and should not be covered by Mr. Sin- clair's bonds, _. It probably it was within sanity to thin Various p out in meeting | th, of any part in ea: sui dry th never occurred to Mr. Mellon that the possible bounds of Political nk that he would go to Senator Walsh, the chief bloodhound of the Democratic party in the senate and on the public lands committee, and tell him that Will Hays was playing tricks with Liberty bonds to make upa campaign deficit with another campaign com- ing on immediately. In all partisan history no one ever had done such a thing as that, the outstanding | reputations at an early age, though they remain anonymous to the thousands of well-dressed women across the country who come to wear the things they have selected. One successful coup’ puts their salary at a nice figure. eee The most recent addition to this assemblage is the “ensemblist.” To ists” everywhere, the hotel lobbies in the fashion- ind at the teas. extraorlinarily an oh-so-English hard pear spite of tf this they have to likely to to build a “snap- I directly, with wholesalers and manus facturers. He ; punitars, rugs, tles, curtains, hang’ of adventure | ings and what not in ord to ve frilly] some sort of uniformity in scolor in. re is} and design. He advises the wall “scoop” that} paper maker to tint his Paper to agree with certain new tones in rugs or furniture, that the buyer may have a tasteful ensemble n he a: his home. This fellow is a step above the interior decorator, who merely tells you what to buy and how to place it. The professor of ensembles hot bricks in sd would Roper, for instance, would shelve a prominent Republicans | Smith for eight Freie es would 7" i mean _shelvin; im for he take the bonds and give their view oben lies present position the idea has marked elements of humor. The plan to persuade Smith to step out of the front seat isn’t new, but no one ever has returned from Al- bany or New York with the report. In at it had the slightest chance of Hays back the] working. There are these courses which the He did nothing more about] Party might pursue: 1—Nominate a wet candidate on vigorous enforcement plank. 2—Nominate a dry candidate on vigorous enforcement plank: 3—Nominate a neither wet nor idate—like John W. Davis ‘oid the necessity of any hard-hitting enforcement plank. Obviously, in the case of any tie- up at the convention, the third plan be, as it was in 1924, thel siest way out. But there is n> as- rance that the neither wet nor ‘y candidate would do any better an Davis did. But because of the present Smith +] strength, the second propositicn is virtually impossible. dry candidate with an: McAdoo’s 1924 1 There is no here near nor any OUR BOARDING HOUSE THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE Col. Dan Roper! gram in the convention just about solve its problem by ing elected and giving oe Prohibition enforcement an eight- year tryout under a dry president But} considered here. it doesn’t come anywhere near a solution, i The trouble is that the Party is two brands of! issue by the tail and fling ‘+ back mocrats, mol the prohibition issue as a cause of party rife and nominating a dry candi- Democrats Harm- only means eliminating the prohibi- tion issue as a cause of party strife 4 3 and nominating Al Smith. A few explained the dilemma. He had | leaders seem willing to disregard a of the|™an’s record on prohibition entirely, A Tree and Its Roots MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM TAPS APPROXIMATELY’ THREE-FOURTHS OF ALL STATES OF THE UNION ! dry candidate who can hope to mass the support of’the east alons with that of the dry south and dry west. The party would have a bare chance to win by forgetting the east and trying to carry the covntry with the western and southern electoral votes, but the wet Smith strength makes the feat of forging that pre- BY RUTH DEWEY GROVES Mom, darling: Don’t let yourself suffer on ac- count of any Swami’s influence in my young life. Your previous child remains true to her money-grub. He doesn’t rate it after his behav- ior at my party but as it turned out, the laughs are on both of us. And I guess a good laugh is one of those realities you mentioned. Any- way it did as much good as a ser- mon. Thank heavens, I have a sense of humor. Everything bleached out perfect- ly. I think TI told you that Florence had as much success with Billy as she’d have trying to+ vamp the Prince of Wales. He just couldn’t see her at all. But one look into the eyes of Alan’s blond friend and prerto chango! he was cured of puppy love. Though what to call it hopeless. The contention that Smith is ihe only man who can win need not be But if the party | plays smart politics in the can.paign | after he or anyone else is nom- inated it will grab the prohibition into the Republican party. Republicans themselves __ realize perfectly well that when they took office with the mandate to enforce the laws the issue became very much theirs. But without being themselves lashed into zealous en- forcement, they have becn able to sit by contentedly and watch the poor Democrats wrestle with this oes Porcupine and get their ides full of quills. If politics con- sists of getting into office and hold- ing on, the Democrats simply aren’t| now. For he’s in again. With the politicians. blond. ‘ It is the verpetual amazement of| Alan saw it right away and be- some dry Republicans with whom your correspondent has talke® that the opposition hasn’t translated the! wet-dry issue into a pure issue of} actual enforcement and nailed it on the G. O. P. door. oer gan to razz me on the sly because I'd lost my boy friend. But he had to sing a different melody when it became apparent that his gal was in the same gondola that was rock- ing Billy to sleep, The two have @ real case now. I can’t see what Billy discovered in her to fall for, but I’m relieved to have hin. off my hands. And I guess Alan won’t be getting any more letters from that particular home wrecifer, Now when I need a driver, how- ever, Alan will have to pay for serv- ices rendered. I'll miss Billy, for there’s nothing so pleasing as know- ing someone who likes you so much he won't criticise you in little whys like a husand always does. I've never yet gon. to sleep after a party without a harangue from Alan about my errors of the even- ing. But I notice that he pays more jattention to the live wires among my girl friends than he does to the few who behave as he’s always ad- visting me to. Men are problems. They fall for a girl because she is peppy and ° Everyone who has investigated knows there are great areas where prohibition isn’t being enforced. Senator Borah knows it, for in- stance, and views the situation with considerable alarm. He knows that the blame can’t all be tacked on the | administration; that men charged with enforcement have to be ap- inted on recommendation of po- itical leaders in their districts and that political leaders in many large cities, such as New York, Philadel- phia, Chicago, Detroit and St. Louis, are wet. But even if the Democrats could not improve enforcement when elected—and they could if they wanted to badly enough — they could at least promise better en- forcement. And, once in power, they could hardly do worse. By Ahern " DUMMY For —TH! “TRYOUT WOULDAYT A Got CAR ARGUED THAT GAME OF Wr YouUR AVIATOR'S SAFENV- sur ! \F You SET ME oUT~To GET AN ELEPHANT, I AS T DID Wr tis “THING 1. THREE “TIMES WAS FLAGGED BY-TH’ LAW, AccUSIN’ ME OF BEING GINNED! ~~ CONDUCTOR ON A aww A NEAR SIGHTED DOCTOR WANTED “To GNNE FIRST AID! ... WISECRACKERS SAID I WAS “TAKING MY BoY FRIEND HOME FROM A STRIP POKER !. AND -fo You ARE AMARTIR “TO =} SCIENCE! « You WILL BE WELL PAID FoR YouR “TRIBULATIONS, WHEN THAT DUMMY FLOATS GENTLY “To EARTH IN “HE OF MY GREAT SAFEN surf (S HALF AS MAKY SAMS I HAD“To PAY “Wo FARES!. SToP tT, A POLICE DOG REED ME, AN CHEWED OA ENCLOSE STANPEO RAINY WEATHER PAINS Many people boast of the fact that they can tell when a storm is approaching by a change of feeling which comes over them. or by some| ache or pain in some portion of} their anatomy. Such people should not be proud of the fact that they are good barometers, and will be surprised to learn that the reason they are so sensitive to changes in the weather is because they are suffering from some vicious toxe- mia which is poisoning the body. Many animals have the faculty of perceiving barometric depression indicating the approach of storm, but the reason they can foresee’ bad weather is because their systems are so sensitive to any change in nature. All animal life is con- stantly fighting aginst the ele- | ments and destructive forces of na- jture, and animals, guided only by instinct, are protected in a measure so that they can take the necessary precaution in view of the approach- ing storm, the door to seek shelter h slightest danger of rain. Bees will return to their hives only partially loaded with honey. Ants will bury themselves in the ground, and dogs will set up a whining. When man is affected by an ap- proaching change in the weather, fis corns will hurt, or a rheumatic joint will start aching. These pains humidity in the air, and as a blan- {ket of fog or even invisible mist \ descends upon the earth those peo all their pains are becoming exag- gerated on account of the extra amount of repression of elimination, due to the moist air. | If the pores of the body could be tirely stopped for four minutes it would not be possible for one to e, for if all the radiation of poison from the skin were suddenly stopped the body could not stand the | excessive poisoning which would re- { sult. As the barometer falls, these j pores become partially stopped, for eliminate as completely if the air is full of an unusual amount of mois- ture. All nervous neople will be- come more nervous and irritable un- Flies will gather around | at the! | come on because elimination is in-| terfered with on account of the) ple who are already toxic will find | | the moisture from the body will ris t ler such conditions, and one suf- | time, | you are a good “health barometer” should suggest to you that it is nec- which have produced the poisoned | State of your blood, making you so i sensitive to changes in the weather. | All eliminative functions should be elimination, properly regulated, exercise taken vigorously enough to induce copious perspiration daily. | dress.s emartly; take all the class out of her after marriage. I wonder why they don’t pick out the kind of wife they want in the first place and not try to sire after the altar scene. They must think we are mental and phy- sical chameleons. Alan doesn’t like my new evening dress because it hasn’t any back. But it’s fashionable and I noticed What would like that? With much love, MARY: NEXT: MHusbandly criticism. | ios. S | Dr. McCoy Suggests | | Menus For a Week o—_—___—_——_______ Dr. McCoy’s menus suggested for ne week beginning Sunday, April ths Sunday .Breakfast—Waffles, with a small amount of maple syrup, stewed figs. Lunch—Baked egg plant, string beans, celery and ripe olives, Dinner—Roast veal, cooked spin- ach and parsley, salad of id to- matoes, ice cream. Monday Breakfast—Poached eggs on Mel- ba toast, stewed prunes. Lunci—Baked ground beets, head lettuce with cream cheese dressing, Dinner—Broiled lamb chops, as- aragus, salad of shredded raw cab- age, grapejuics whip. Tuesday t Breakfast — Wholewheat mush with milk or cream, stewed raisins. F Hanehetroniee glass of orange juice. Dinner—Vegetable soup, Salis- |= steak, cooked celery, onttered carrots, baked pears. Wednesday Breakfast—French omelet, toast- ed _cereal biscuit, stewed apples, Lunch—Baked potato, salad of molded vegetables in gelatin, (beets, carrots, celery). Dinner—Roast of mutton, baked j barsnips, cauliflower salad, cup mus- ard, Thursday reabfest—Cortmonl mush with milk, Lunch—Baked squash, cooked let- tuce, salad of grated raw carrots. Dinner—Celery soup, roast Bors, stewed tomatoes, baked egg plant, plain jello or Jell-Well (no cream). Friday Breakfast—As many oranges as desired. if ie! |e Lunch—*Spinach and cheese en casserole, shredded lettuce. Dinner—Tomato and celery vege- table broth, broiled white fish, mashed turnips, combination salad of raw cabbage, tomatoes and cel- ery, stewed a eots. ki urday Bre..kfast—Cottage cheese, baked apple, Melba toast. poe 6 peg ee ame —Khoust ri] 8) mas of celery and tomatoes” past *Bpinach and Cheese ole: If the peticy e fering from any disease will find! his symptoms more acute at mel | One experience of realizing that, would appreciate very much remold her to suit their heart’s de-| finely him casting admiring glances at a| with the grated cheese, woman who was wearing one like|a very slow oven until the cheese it at the theater the other night.ibegins to melt, but do not you do with a manj to brown, SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 1928 * LTHeDIET ADVI HEALTH DIET A "She Saat ley. penne tts ” » Il people who are sensitive to sepeoehing wet weather will find their skin not in good condition, The pores will be found stopped Dr. McCoy will gladly answer nal questions on health and die dressed to him, care of thi june. Enclose a stamped addressed envelope for reply. with poison because the skin is not i: a healthy condition and cannot carry on its proper elimination. It is a good plan to take two or three cold shower baths daily in order to restore proper tone to the skin. After such baths the skin should be rubbed vigorously with a coarse towel until every square inch of skin glows with the flow of red blood. ; : Do not be satisfied until you have tace your skin so healthy and have increased your eliminative functions to such an extent that you will no longer be so hyper-sensitive as to actually boast of being a good “health barometer.” QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Question: E. C. writes: “I enjoy reading your question and answer column, and would like to ask a question myself. I had my tonsils taken out about four months ago, but when exposed to wind or in a real warm place I have cough- ing spells. Please advise me if you approve of having tonsils taken out if they are diseased. Also if the exposure to wind and heat after a certain length of time will cease making me cough. Is it an early sign of tuberculosis of tt> throat?” Answer: The cause of any cough should be very thoroughly investi- gated. Yes, it is true that it may be an early sign of tuberculosis of the throat, but not necessarily so, as it may be simply a result from your operation. I do not advise Promiscuous removal of tonsils, They are composed of lymphoid tis- sue and when diseased can be made healthy again through dieting and following the proper hygienic habits. * Question: Mrs. J. O. & asks: “May one, while on a reducing dict, drink tea with lemon once a day?” Answer: It is better not to drink any Jiquid except water while re- ducing. Question: R. M. V. writes: “I if you would give me a general synopsis of erysipelas, stating the cure, and essary for you to study the causes' the food the patient may eat. He is 70 years old, and has been laid up for eleven months.” Answer: I have prepared special articles on this subject which I have | stimulated, and every effort made| sent to thousands of my readers, to stop further interference with’ many of whom have reported com- The diet should be! plete cures. and physical] self-addressed Just send a large- stamped envelope, and I will mail you the same article which has helped many others. then they want to! final washing affords enough mois- ture for cooking in one of the heavy aluminum pans tightly covered, Af- ter about ten minutes’ cooking, fill the bottom of a casserole with the chopped hot spinach (if canned, heat before putting into cas- serole) and add a generous sprink- ling of grated cheese. Add more Spinach; another layer of grated cheese, and so on until the cas- serole is filled, covering the top Place in allow it or to even become tough through actual coking. Serve im- mediately, while hot. es I receive hundreds of letters daily from readers asking me to give them the basic few rules of proper food combinations. I have there- fore prepared a special brief article on this subject. You can obtain this by writing to me care of this news- paper. Ask for my article called “Food Combinations.” [BARBS + ? Our actions in Nicaragua and Panama to protect the canal are simply scandalous, says our_neigh- bor, the British press, But, if memory sérves us right, hasn’t Brit- ain priority rights on some canal down there between the Mediterran- ean and the Red Sea? eee If things get too tough down at Houston in June, of course we al- ways can send Lindbergh, A British scientist told Yale stu- dents the mind does not die with the body. Suppose the body does not always with the mind, eith r. ene These are bad days for the timid man. He’s sspecting, any day to get &@ summons from the collector of internal revenue, demanding an ex. Plansiion of how, when and where we gave $500 in church contribu- tions, cee or Lindbergh has offered to take any and all members of Congress for a ride. Somebody’ always ride ing Congress. The American Hairdressers’ As- sociation declares there isn’t a nat- urally beautiful woman in Amer- ica, “It must be true if the barbers say so, [ A THOUGHT * LU Greater love hath no man than this, that fer hie @ man lay down his life friend-—John 15:13, Love lives on, and hath a power to bless when h hidden in the Fis ll, ” The 10th is she last day of discount on Gea tile’ “©

Other pages from this issue: