The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, February 4, 1924, Page 4

PAGE FOUR THE WORLD WAR AND ITS PROBLEMS. FELL ON HIM Will Be Remembered in His-! tory as One of the Nation's | War Presidents IN OFFICE BROKEN Health Failed While Engaged in Fight For the League Woodrow ur i ter} of Prince-| i first Dem-| Andrew Jackson to serve| two terms as President. He began smashing pre el most immediately afte rae \ into de rson by Pe tw befor to Congress to Hel ud finished attend the went abroad urOpe ce. , first in Dee ber, 1918, and nin March, 191 At times 1b the most idolize and the most bitterly assailed Pre: ident nee Abraham — Lincoln, Friends extolled him as “the peace- maker of the world”; enemies di he had thrown to the winds ashington’s warnings to beware of entangling alliances” with foreign powers. was Tr and th he pe in Par Helped Draft The war Versailles, helped to draft “the Big Four” George, Orlando ty Tregty nally had signed by -Clemenceau, Lloyd and Wilson-—the esident returned from France to begin a, nonths later Sep-| tember a 10,000-mile spe tour United States in b f of the League of Nations cov nant, which was part of the treaty. A. conservative threatened and did block its ratification. Dur ing 26 days of almost constant travel he delivered speeches aggregating 150,000 words Working his way East from Pacific cost, he had planned to make many more addresses in behalf of the League but reaching Wichita, Kans., suffered a physical collapse which caused him regretfully to abandon his tour. At times during the following months, he was desperately ill recovered only sufficiently ch 4, 1921 to accompany Harding, his successor, to the capitol for participation in part of the inauguration ceremony. Pre- vious to this he had made only one public appearance in all that’ time, on June 16, 1920, and there were man ming rumors regarding the state of his health Relieved of the cares, of office,| Mr. Wilson's convalescence was moré | rapid and although he did not regain entirely his one-time robust health, he was able to engage in the practi of law in Washington in partnership with Bainbridge Colby, his former Secretary of State. The former Pre: ident and Mrs, Wilson resided the in a beautiful home which they pur-| chased for $150,000 some months before his retirentent. Before leav- ing the White House, however, he was the recipient of a signal honor The Nobel Prize was awarded to Mr. Wilson “as the person who has pro- moted most or best the fraternity of nations and the dbolishment or d minution of standing armies and the! formation and increase of peace congr In accepting it, Pr ident Wilson wrote on Dec. 11, 1920 “The cause of peace and the cause | of truth are of one family. Even as | those who love nee and devote | their lives to physics or chemistry, | even as those who create new and higher ideals for mankind ‘in liter- “xture, even so with those who love peace, there is no limit set. What- ever has been accomplished in the past is petty compared to the glory pf the promise of the futur While President’ Wilson had fre- quent differences of opinion with the members of his cabinet, ther were only two or three “falling outs during the entire eight years of his administration.. Before his first in- auguration he had come to the part- ing of the ways with the late W m F, McCombs and with Col George Harvey, two “original Wil- son men,” both of whom’ had work- ed for his nomination and clection. The Wilson cabinet changes, not-, ably few, were started in 1915 when William J. Bryan, Secretary of State, opposed to the President’s handling. of his warning notes to Germany, resigned. A year later, Lindley M. over of which the 18 and rren Garrison, Secretary of War, relin-|anq who desired to see the devas- | quisheg his post as the result of a| tated world restored to amity and | sharp difference of opinion with the | happiness. President over the need for prepar- edness, Garrison maintaining thet the country’s military strength was -_ inadeguate. Bryan’ was succeeded. by kRobert Langing and Garrigon jby | forthcoming as at Versailles. iene \' rfl tee Baker, former. or. of leveland, one” te 1920 Lansing “way as Secretary of State for Colby, following: a state- | que | versity. in j were England, “the friend of humanity to al) wars.” times was ever laudation or listened to with greater admiration. Europe hung upon the words that as a practical idealist, the represen- STANDI AT THE, SHIP'S! RAIL, Woodrow Wilson says good- by to the applauding thron, ut the docks to bid him God- speed on his trip to ance to tend the peace conference at sailles, Dec. 4, 1918. He was at th height of his power and popul y at this time. Pre Lansing’s import international opposed to his own. ment by the on ions were Three Interesting Periods Three interesting periods ch terized Woodrow Wilson's ent into publie li Slected of Princeton University in country that time obtained first glimp4e of him leguual figure. This was accentuateg ti what has been called his fight for the “democratization” of the Uni-} which student cliques | abolished and the rich | and poor men were fraterniz Eight 1910, he was elected New Jersey. Governor Wilson's administration | was notable chiefly for hi 5 of progressive lation, Political | oppone arged him with radical i ism. ven Sisters” laws, a] series ven bill drafted | recommendation, were passed al legislative contest. They forbade the | incorporation of predatory — trusts within the commonwealth, New Jersey | previously having been used rendezvous for monopolists The nomination of Governor son to the Presidency by the Nation-| al Democratic Convention in June,| 1912 att Baltimore, after a long dead-| lock, was one of the dram episodes in American political his-| tor: Then followed his election} the following November when he 1 ceived 433 votes in the Electoral Col- lege to 88 fo velt 8 for Mr, Taft who had been renom- | inated by the Republican party to succeed himself, World Upheaval During President Wilson's two there urred a world up- such had never betore| witne sinee the dawn of Empires crumbled and throne collapsed. The map of Europe torn to shreds. Chin old monarehy, had alr republic and. with the world war Russian autoer been humbled in the dust. German militarism was crushed, Austria-Hun- gary dismembered and Turkey driven out of the Holy Land, Two days nnouneing — in Congress his decision to go to Eur- ope to attend the 4 conferenc on December 4, 1918, he sailed for France with Mrs. Wilson aboard th steamship George Washington leav- ing New York amid one of the gre est demonstrations ever accorded American citizen. He H Brest on December 13 and upon eaching: Paris took up his residence in the mansion of the Prince Murat a guest of the nation. Following the big public reception upon his a rival in the Preach capital which sted four days, the President con- ferred with Premier Clemenceau, Colonel House and Herbert Hoover, who was later designated as Dire tor General of Allied Relief in Eur- ope, and who expended $2,800,000,000 in all in his mission of “me abroad. The people of Paris sented Mr. Wilson with the “great gold medal” and gave Wilson a diamond and enamel brooch. r the President and his wife ited the Kings and Queens hy Italy and Belgium. Upon his first trip to Paris, Mr, | Wilson was everywhe aimed as and the man who hag come to put “an end No monarch of ancient accorded great views as a ye | “The of most Colonel Roo on pns ome of the} y had] ending fier It seemed as if all fell from his lips. He was acclaimed | tative of a mighty new land, whose people were altruistic and unselfish Béfore -his departure, in an ‘ad dress to Congress, he repeated h famous “14 points” which, he said, | constituted America’s interest in the Presentation of “points,” One of which provideg for ihe Usaaus of Nations covenant, Precipitated the WOODROW, WILSON- Through the Camera’s Ey: ’ | dered onths on to upon secon le was lasted for many 1 such opposit lident’s plans to Europe his m It engen the Pres- his return stage 0 cordially specially this the ain parts of Italy where ttitude n Fiume, French news- ted him and he by a London utoctat.” the wa his was hi Iso exco denounced his name ed. criticized for senting to the tung decis for alleged ‘open coven of secret dexter, Republican, 1 him of being Americ » for in a speech the wo men- his labor and doctrine naires gross ©: he had ic| gifts, Pr the Pea is said, except for oce that disturbed his usual ion at him onal m ripples mene Clemenceau nier Hughes of Orlando of and Lloyd Australia Italy, the nd Premier ) bitter: controversy .in Congress. Which |DURING THE WAR ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING and unusual phatos of Woddrow Wilson .ever taken. Snapped dur: inga spirited address in 1918 while outlining the purposes of the allies during the war and explaining his famous'14 peace points. | news: | reported between; latter, at stage of the negotia- tions quitting the conference turning to Rome with his colleagues be of Mr, Wilson's attitude, on the ion, In to Italy's Fiume he was quoted having ifbnically told Orlando: “I am sorry ive you New York.” The ident’s stand on “self-determi- tion for small nations” encouraged tional aspirations in Ireland, Ko- pt and other countries al- nt ‘to certain of the Allied pow- The Russian catastrophe and irs on the Mexican border. also dded to the President's grave prob- lems claim for Treaty be treaty ed on ident the shortly after| Mr, iled for New York. Be-; fore his departure from Brest he ex-! pressed his satisfaction with the set-} tlements arrived at in Paris. Then followed his nationwide abrupt termination, Born in Staunton, Va. Dee. 28, of Scotch-Irish parentage and|{ christened Thomas Woodrow Wilson, | the future Tommy” until he graduated from| Princeton in 1879 and thereafter known only as | His father, the : i Signed \y Germany | . 1919 by the P engatives with was| of| 0 - x Rev. Joseph Ruggles | Wilsen, a promiment — Presby a minister, m: d to Augusta, {when Woodrow two ter the family went to Columbia, | ud there young Wilson, of 17, entered Daxidson Col- | ing soon to go to Princeton. | b ting he studied law in y of Virginia and in ° practice of law in At- was While in Atlanta and at Augusta, became engaged to marry M Ellen Louise Axsen, daughter of Presbyterian— clergyman. of “Say: nah, Ga. The young lawyer's clients | were few and he soon abandoned a legal care For two years there- fter student at Johns Hop- kins Univer id while there} published his first book, “Congres- | sional Government,” a study of Am- | eri pojit It won recognition | both in the United States and abroad and is believed to have been influen- | tial in evoking offers of professor- | from Bryn Mawr College and | Wesleyan University. He married | | Miss Axsen on.June 18852 ; | He became su ly, professor nd political economy at nd ut-Wesleyan Univer later professor of juris and political economy at where, subsequently,” he head of that institution. | Professor Wilko | gained high reputation as a write {Some of his works, with the date of, | their production, “The State—Eleme and Practical Politi | vision and Reunion,” (1893); 4G | Washington,” (1896); “A. Hist the American People,” (1902); stitutional Government in the’ United | States,” (1908); “Free Life,” (1915); The New Freedom,” (1913);,"When | a Man Comes To Himself,” (191 “One Being Human,” (1916); “An Old Master ang Other Political Es- says,” and “Mere Liferature and Other Essays,” were among: his earJi- er writings. His state papers, notes to belligerent governments and ad- | dresses fo Gongress, would fill many ; volumes, The honorary, degrée of Doctor*of Laws was bestowed, upon. bim - by Wake Forest College, (1887);, Tulane University. (1898); Johns.’ Hepeins (1902); “Brown University, (A803); Harvard Unversity.(1902); Williams College (1908); and Dartmouth Col- lege (1909), “Yale made him a Boc- or of Literature in 4901, i al an- | Princeton | was made | Meanwhile, | tion ! president | tire for Governor of until to take 1916 the nd re. {| Ponden would be dents the upon the ident fellow to every vf the United Stat strom, for nearly three years he drew, upon himse of some About ample of | that at any p Fighting Europe son’s tour and its] explanation United take a big part in the struggle, that the nation was not unitedly for war President was known as /by Woodrow Wilson. }1i side suggesting Mrs. at; her ginhood home in Rome, viously the President’ Eleanor, one to F . and the other to William G BISMARCK. TRIBUNE ON es WORDS OF WILSON THAT WILL ECHO DOWN TIME’S CORRIDORS: There is no such thing as a man being too proud to fight. The world must be made sufe for democracy. We must be thought as well as A steadfast concert for peace can’ never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic natio There is no hate in our hearts for the German people. We have always said that we were the servants and friends of mankind, Peace must be planted on the trusted foundations of political liberty. impartial in ction. Drawn pen picture of by himself be Club in W on once said: the number of looking to me as the party, with the < of salvage from things they are struggling with, midst of it, it makes me It makes me tremble with w my own inadequacy and and if T seem cireumspeet it is because 1 am diligently ‘trying not to make any @olossal blunde Princeton, with its great oak Jed lawns and historic halls, «the setti which Mr. much of the literary later commanded the atten- the world. His family life nd serene, Surrounded and three daughter A and Eleanor the fierce Gntroversy which raged over the preservation of democratie ideals at the University disturbed him but little. Heretofore he Picture an intimate ident drawn National ington, M “When [thi men who are representative hoy the in the tremble. weakne In Ir the as Wil- work of was by h exsie (de had had not been regi 1 politi¢ Indeed, it been reported that — the of Princeton, never a man, was contemplating re- nent upon a teacher's pension In September of that nominated by the Demoe w Jersey. ovember he served March, 1918, when she resigned up his duties at Washington. The pelicy of the new administra- wealthy 1910, he w the following | tion was outlined in one of the brief. est 1 Co inaugural addresses ever made to gress, Among other innovations, Wilson announced a policy of publicity” and, until May, gave semi-weekly audiences to Washington newspaper corre He said the White Hou ¢ open” but correspon- not seen by him during Mr. Wils il When the European conflict bur: world in all its fury, Pres- Wilson in an address to his countrymen counselled them strictly neutral. Exerting effort to avert the wning s into the! macl- be the of his his ti bitterest criticism staunchest friends. speaking of the ex- merica in regard to peace, ne There is such a thing-as a man being too proud to fight. There natioy being so right it doe not need to convince others by force that it is right.” Resentment Felt sentment against pe: was raising in America. ridiculed» Mg. Wil- but later accepted the of his friends that he was manocuvering for delay, that the States was. not -prepared. to is uch a thing a: Popular ie policy reasons of its diverse population ang divided sentiment A tragic ife cam of h sage moment in the President's when, sitting at the bed- dying wife, he penned to the European powers pea@ful settlement. son died on Aug. 6, 1914, President took her body to. Georgia, le had a sho ne pre- marriage of two of daughters, Jessie and nees Bowes Sayre McAdoo, eeverien » of the Tréasury. Mrs. a me: a Wi d the for burial. The been broken. only by the family ,¢ t Woodrow Wilson and his to recovery from were signals for gre He x Californi: votes. There name, He landed at Brest Dee. 13. He was inaugurated in 1913. ‘Thirteen governors weré in line. Militia from 13 states were there. Thirteen educational institutions were represented. There are 26 League of Nations twice 13. It was Feb. 13 The marriage of hjs daughter, Jessie, to Francis B, Sayre, w: the thirteenth White Hous@ wed. ele "3. pivots! are 13 letters cles in his covenant— completed death left the President alone except for his eldest daughter, Margaret, who was absent much of the time in welfare work. ~ Mrs. Wilson's d plunged the President into. deep personal grief. With it came the anxiety of guiding the country aright in a world afire. To add to his perplexities, the prac of the German government particularly in submarine fare were inexplicableto men of hone: and candor. He found it hard to hi lieve that the innumerable atrocities charged agdinst Ustoat conmmnders could be attributed'to the orders of the German government but his a allusionment finally came*after, the most prolonged exchange of notes and warning: On M: the great steam- ship Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Ireland with the loss of 1,500 Jiyes more than 110 of them American and many women and children. There a wide- spread clamor jin the United States for Ship after ship had been sent to the bottom without warning and this climax came with the sinking on March 24, 1916. of the English Chan- nel steamer Sussex. The President, in a final note, served notice on the German Emperor that he might ex- pect’ war with the United States if the “inhuman ang illegal” practices continued. His warning to that she would be held to “a stric accountability” “and his later declar tion that America would use “fo' without limit,” stirred responsive ‘ords in the hearts of. most Amer- iean UE) WD. President Wilson aggordingly broke off diplomatic relations -with the Berlin government and, gave Count Wife and Ever-present Compaen * ? it crowds to gather “MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4,, 1924 WILSON FACED MANY GREAT PROBLEMS AS PRESIDENT | broke the confinement of the sickroom illness by taking long drives through the parks of Washington. along the line of passage and cheer the, former he is shown doffing iis hat in salute to the homage being paid him after t him back occasions Here ne had nur: The president. ABOUT WHISKERS, NICKNAMES AND FATAL DAYS — INTERESTING PRES- IDENTIAL FACTS.AND SIDELIGHTS presidents of the United Stat have died in_office. Three were a sussinated—Abraham Lincoln, James. A. Garfield and) William McKinley. Three dted of natural causes—Wil- liam Hemy Hafrison, Zachary T lor and Warren G. Harding. They were the 9th, the 12th, the 16th, the 20th, the 25th, and the th, in the presidential line. Figur- ing Grover Cleveland as one, inst of as two as in most records, it will be noted that Death struck with | startling regularit; fourth man to hold the ex seat since 1844 with the single exception of the interval between the deaths of Har- rison and Taylor. By a likewise strange coinsidence Harrison elected in 1840, Ltncdtn in 1860, Garfield in 1808, MeKinley in 1900 and Harding, in 1920—each 20 years apart—wete stricken down in office. As another coinciderce cénsidét Monday, Thursday and Friday as the fatal inauguration days for the pres- idents who died in off Taylor and Lincoln were inaugurated on Monda: Harrison and MeKinley on Thur and Garfield and Harding on Other presidents have been inducted into the presidential office on- Mon- day Thurs and Frid: Ruthe: ford B. Hayes and Ynjamig Harri son were inaugurated on Monday, Washington, Grant. and Taft were vorn in on Thursday. John Quincy Adams and Franklin Pierce became president on Friday. Inaugurated on Sunday. Woodrow Wilson was the only president to be inaugurated on Sun- It w the commencement of his second term. and during the criti- cal period just preceding the great World War. His term of office end- ed at noon on March 4. ‘It was, Sun- day and rather than leave the nation technically without a chief executive for a single day he took the oath of office at the Whi'e House on Sunday afternoon, March 4. 1.17, Washing- tcn, Monroe, Pierce and Hayes were born on Friday. Polk and | Pierce died on Friday. Lincoln and | were shot om Friday. As coincidence, consider that Garfield. and Marding were born in November, Harrison and Lincoin were born in February. McKinley, born on January 29, 1843, came close to it. Thomas Jeffer: s the ‘first president to be inaugurated in Wash- ington. George Washington toys the oath in New York City, then the na- tional capital. Delay in inaugura- tion arrangements and the difficulty travel from _Mount Vernon, brought the inauguration on April 30. When the Hour for the administra- tion of the presidential oath arrived, it v provided and one had to be borrowed from the Masonic temple across the ' a , President Garfield's first act after ing the presidential oath was to kiss his mother.” John Quincy Adams, sixti? presi+ dent, ‘was the son of John Adams, second Presidents Witton \Henry, as found that no Bible had been | was the rrison, Harrison, ninth president, ther qf Benjamin nty-third president. — W Henry Harrison was the ‘eighth and Benjamin the tenth generatjon from Poechontas and John Smooth Shaven Till Li John Adams and Thomas both died on the same day, 1826. Monrée died on Jul After leaving the presider Quiney Adams and Andre’ 1cturned to Congress. Both died i office. President Tyler died while representative for Virginia in Confederate Cong Until the time coln, all Presidents been smooth shaven. Linvoln ave that the pressure of civil war duties did not give hin ‘me to shave. Grant was the i:ist prosident to wear a mus- tache, James Buchanan and Grover Cleveland were bachele en they were ele.ated to the presidency, but Cleveland married while a resident of the White House. Pre: first wife died m the White House nd his secohd marriage took place trere. ‘ Of the 45 states, only ten have sup- plied presidents, Kight were born in Virginia, seven in Ohjo, three each New York and North Carolina, two each in New Jersey, Massachu- setts ang Vermont, and one caci New Hainpshire, Pennsylvania Kentucl Lincoln, born in Jefferson July 4, 1831. John the of President Lin- sw! and Ken- ytucky and elected while a resident of western” pres- dents Korn Ilinois, was our most “ ident. ‘All of the six p in Ohio were elected since 1880, Williem Henry Harrison was the oldest man elected to the presidency. Hoe was 67. Roosevelt was the est. He was ant was months older than Roosevelt ant was christened Hiram Ulysses, but changed it ‘to U Simpson. Cleveland’s full Christian name wa Stephen Grover. Woodrow Wilson's first name in Thomas, but he never us ung six Ses Jefferson Given the “Bird.” Washington, Madison, Polk, Pierce andl Harding ne any children. President Tyler 14, eight boys and six girls. Since the days of the blunt old John Adams, gripsark in hand, who lid” out of the White House in the rly morning dawn of March 4, 1801, to avoid extending his hated rival Thomas Jefferson, the hospitalities of the executive mansion, there: has been no break in this formality tended to the new presidents, unl there be excepted the personal m understanding which se between President Johnson and General Grant which madt their intercourse a rigid formality Presidents of the United States are technically immune from arrest. But, a colored policeman “pinched” Presi- dent Grant for the fast driving -of his team in Washington. Grant put up $20 as a bond for his appearance on the charge and forfeited it the next day. He complimented the po- liceman on his adherence tothe per- formance of his duty. von Bernstoxtf, the German Anibass-| ador, his passports. Everybody knew | it meant war, that the conflict was close, at hand, | Meanwhile, a happy domestic:event | in the President's life served to lighten, the burden of his official cares. He wag majried to. Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt, the widow of a Wash-| ington” merchant, who immediately became! ‘hig “Constant companion and confidente. Internal Affairs Hail, Internal affairs in the. United States early in 1917-were in, a state of restiveness verging on turmoil. Enemy propagandists were busy night and day, The ‘increasing cost of diving was of grave conctin to wage earners. Scores of strikes in indus- trial‘ plants and on” railroads were fomented’ by Austro-German plotters finaneed by Count von —Bernstorff and aids of Dr. Constantin Theodor Dumba, the Austro-Hungarian Am- bassador, who had been. sent back to Vienna, ty The Uniteg States never had been a military nation. Her regular army establishment of 75,000 men seemed pitifully weak,,.when England and | France were sending millions _ of | fighters,to the battle line. President Wilson ‘at once urged the .passage! of a Conscription Bill by Congress by which men from 21 to 31 were to be,drawn by lot. It was called the “Selective Service Act” and based upon the experiences of the other Allied nations, was intendeg to raise an army without demoralizing essen- tial trade and industry. The lay enacted ‘after an exciting but Short debate in both Houses on April 28, 1917, just three weeks after the Unit- ed States declared herself to be in “4 state of war with Germany. Subsequently a similar declaration Wis issueq against Austria, Draft machinery was put in motion andMlespite the derision of the Ger man General Staff, “the most re- markable achievement in the history of all warfare,” according to General Peyton C. March, the American chief of staff, was accomplished. © Train- ing camps were located throughout the country and within a year near- ly 2,000,000 armed~and equipped sol- diers were landed in. England and France. A second draft, registering men from 18 to 21 and from 31 to 45 Was ordered to bring America’s fight- ing force in-Europe up to 4,850,00 men, but fewcof these were called as the Central Powers shortly after col- lapsed. Meanwhile the United States Navy / (Continugd on Page 5) ident Wilson's GX Johnson +4 ,