The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, January 18, 1924, Page 1

WEATHER FORECAST Generally fair tonight and Sat- Colder tonight. $< ESTABLISHED 1873 BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1924 THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE Laon PRICE FIVE CENTS MEXICAN SITUATION BEFORE CABINET 101 CARS OF GORN SHIPPED ON $00 LINES First Shipments to Eastern Markets Are Carried This Fall and Winter TOCK CHANGE! N EE LIV Corn Crop Results in Holding, Cattle and Marketing Better Condition One hundred und one car loads of corn were shipped on the Miss- ouri River division of the Soo lines during the fall and winter months prior to January 1, according to re- ‘| | cords compiled in the office of S. W. Derrick, superintendent of the divi-|- sion. | The year 1923 is the first’ year in! which corn as shipped en arload lots from this division, Mr. ick said today. The shipment of shelled corn to the Twin City, Duluth and Chicago arkets is one evidence of the tre- mendous increase of corn raising in western North Dakota, but the ef- fect of the shift in farm industry in the state is evidenced also in live- stock shipments on the division, All carload lots of corn shipped to the markets on the Missouri River division of the Soo was shelled corn. Sach car is estimated to have con- tained 1,400 bushels, and total ship- ments prior to Jannary 1 amounted to more than 140,000 bushels, Four From Bismarck Carload shipments were made from points on the division as follows: Bismarck 4; Brittin 1; Braddock 1 Kintyre 3; “Herried, S. D. 4; Meri- court 1; Fulleton Clement 3; y 5; Oakes 8; Hample 6; Nich- Cogswil Foreman 6; Ranson 8; Geneso 2; Lidgerwood 5. \ More corn will be shipped during| the winter. \ Three carloads of millet was saip- ped from Fullerton and one ‘from ricourt, also a new thing on the division, Change ments also is noted in livestock ‘ ivestock shipments in November and December ffl] off from a yeur ugo but have increased in January over a year ago and will, increase it February and March,” said Mr. Der- rick, “ due to the fact that farmers have an abundant amount of feed, the fall was good and they held their cattle over and are corn- feeding them, so that they may be sent to the market in prime condi- tion to weight, thereby getting ood results from the corn crop.” as Change Said General This condition is said to exist over all of western North Dakota, — Live- stock shipments generally will be ‘ger during the next two months, ince many farmers have quit send- ing in “feeder” stock and are fat- tening their own cattle rather than permitting Iowa farmers to buy them from South St. Paul and fatten them. Grain held in storage on the Miss- ouri River division of the Soo i proportionately greater than it was a year ago, according to reports to Mr. Derrick, although the total crop was considerably smaller./ It was es- timated that on January 1 there was 2,000,000 bushels of grain still in the hands of farmers in the terri- tory and there was 1,634,000 bushels of grain in elevators. This is com- pard to 4,900,000 bushels in ele¢ators a year ago and 1,000,000 bushels in the hands of farmers. MAY REQUEST LAW CHANGE - Insurance Commissioner Con- siders Recommendation, Heavy losses sustained by the state insurance fund from school- house fires may result in recom- mendations by: ‘Commissioner of In= suranc® S. A. Olsness for a change in the law governing this department, According to Mr. Olsness, there ap- pears desirability of changing the law to provide for greater reinsur- anee of the poorer, risks carried by the department. : Under the present law the jnsur- ance department reinsures single rieks in excess of $100,000. ~These risks are chiefly Iarger public build- ings on which the loss has not been great. The heaviest losses have been sustained in school house fires where losses range from $10,000 to $50,000. Many of them are frame buildings. Mr. Olsness may recommend, he suid, that the law be changed so that —risks similar to school house risks can be reinsured in private compa- nies and the state assume a greater part of ‘the so-called good, risks. ° LIGHT PLANT _. BONDS VOTED, *Owatohna, Jaz. 18.—Citizens, here, by ‘a vote of 1,700 to"500, decided to authorize bonds for acquisition of a city-owned electric light plant. FAMOUS SONG WRITER ILL | | | | Mrs. Carrie is ill in he Bond wa jYresolved t jyears it wa of a Perfect | | 5,000,000 copies have been sold, s} Jacebs-Bond, show make her own living b: a bitter struggle, but e aper Work For 30 Year: of Publishing News| by members of the { winter meeting here. to the 30-Year Men,” and ar have been actively engaged in ne’ 130 years or more. “Running a newspaper in the early ‘days was frdught with many diflicul- ties and the editor in many instances was devil, pressman, ‘compositor, | make-up-man, office boy and business | manager all in one; in fact he was a many sided individual and his per- sonality touched the lives of all classes of people so that his influenc and that of the newspaper over which he presided was one of the potent factors in the growth and develop- ment of Nerth Dakota,” said Mr) Stewart. “Thirty years ago there were be- twean fifty ty newspaper | published in the state; seven of these were dailies, including the Bismarck Tribune, the Argus and Forum at Fargo, the Herald and Plaindealer at | Grand Forks, the Alert and Capital at Jamestown. There were very few cities of any size and the population was about 265,000. Today we boast of 700,000 people with many cities, metropolitan and up-to-date. The newspapers have grown in number, size and influence during the’ pas |thirty years until today they are among the best edited and most pros: perous in the Nation. They Aided State. “You have gained a niche in the hall of fame. In spite of handicaps and difficutties encountered in a new ccuntry, you were among the opti- mists who in a large measure were responsible for guiding the destinie lof the ship of state during these early ykars of her statehood. In every line of type that you set there has been a spirit of faith which has helped to remove, the mountains of adversity and disgouragement. This spirit dominating every effort for the upbuilding of the state has been the means of bringing North Dakota to the fore front and today we are reap- gng the reward of your heroic effort “All honor to our pioneer newspa- per men, may they be spared for many years to come and may their influence be felt through all time.” Seven: editors and publishers were honored. They are: Walter Tay- lor, Lamoure; P. 0. Thorson, Grand Forks; G. G. Thompson, Pembiras M. H, Crary, Devils Lake; Mott. Johnson, Bottineau; Sam Malmin, Sharon.and C. E. Boyden, Fargo, for- merly publisher of the Lisbon Free Press. President’s Address The editors registered at the Fargo Commercial Club-today. The program included invocation by Dean Crowly- Carrol; address of Welcome by Mayor IW. Geary of Fargo, response by JF. Bacon:of Grand Forks, address of President Edward Sullivan of New Salem and report of the secretary; M. I. Forkner, of Langdon. President Sullivan devoted much of his addres$ to “shop talk’” to the editors and publishers. Among other things he advised his brother editors: If things lag a little, become a floor leader in your Commercial Clyb and put something across. (Continued on Page Two) fornia home. The widow of a pa Fargo, Jan. 18.— Tribute to veteran editor: i North Dakota Pri n here, famous composer of son cian, Mr at the age ¢ Undaunted, she y writing songs. For a good many with the composition of “The End ce that song, of whici has written scores of other favorites. EDITORS, GATHERING IN FARGO, PAY TRIBUTE TO ‘30-YEAR MEN’ G. W. Stewart, at Reception For Editors Engaged in New: in State, Cites Difficulties paper in Early Days Dakota wa scfation, holding of No: ss As, W. Stewart, publisher of the Wilton News, gave “Our Tribute ption wa i honor of editors who Wi work in North Dakota for BUSINESS IS "GIVEN AWAY 10 EMPLOYES New York Manufacturer Turns it Over to Them; Enough Money, He Says ' New York, Jan. 18,—I. C. Her- ‘man, a twin brother of Al Her- ‘man, better known in the theatri- cal world as Al H. Woods, gave away his handkerchief and knit goods manufacturing business to two employes yesterday. The firm did a $2,000,000 business last year. ,..“I am rich enough,” said Mr. |Herman. “So why shouldn’t I re- |tire and give the young men a ‘ chance.” The employes who received the ‘business are I. F. Rossof, 25 years old, who has been with the firm eight years, and Frank M. Smith, | who-has been there 12 years. GRIFFIS OUT OF ‘SOLITARY 'Man Who Attempted to Kid- nap Bergdoll Shown Consideration lee | Chicago, Jan. 18.—Lieut. Corliss Hooven Griffis has been taken out of solitary confinement in a Ger- mén dungeon where he ways sen- tenced to serve a sentence of 15 months for the attempted kidnap- ing of Grover Cleveland Bergdo! according to word received here by Dr. James Whitney Hall. The American officer is now permitted to have visitors, it was said. _ Dr, Hall is. chairman of a na- tional committee which is working for the release of Griffis. | ELECTION WILL STAND Washington, Jan. 18.—A house elections “committee “ unanimously reported to the House today there was “no good reason” for appoint- ment of a committee to investi- gate the election of Representa- tive Edward H. Miller, Republican, of the 22nd Illinois district, as de- ae by Rep. Rainey, Democrat, if, Minois. HELD CERTAIN Success of Giant Airship in Battling Storm Wins Over All Skeptics OFFICER SEES SUCCESS | Believes That Airship W Able to Make Polar Flight Successfully Lakehurst, J, A, P.)—Even thé skeptics have heen | ; converted. The Shenandoah'’s remarkable suc- cessful flight against one of the most severe gales that ever struck jthe Atlantic Coast despite the f jthat her nose was torn away and she ise battered, has won for the commendation of those navil officers who were inclined to doubt the practicability of ships of her type and ze. That battle of Wednesdty night nd early Thursday morning in a mile wind has convinced virtually every officer at the naval air station that the Shenandoah could sucecss- fully negotiate the planned trip to the North Pole. Won't Halt Cruise There was evident gratification when it learned that Secretors of the Navy Denby and Rear Admiral William A. Moffett, chief of the naval bureau of,aeronautics, had pre- dicted that the accident to the Shen- andoah would not prevent the pro- posed cruise. Lieut. Cammander M. R. Pierce, in command of the Shenan- doah on her wild flight, said he did not believe any such gale as Wednes- day night's would be encountered on a flight to the Aretic. He pointed out \that in flying to the Pole there would be chosen a season normally free from storm Most officers at the station expres the opinion unofficially that ship could easily stand any’ wind t might strike her while she was in north. d th: Nearly Hit Ground Capt. Anton Heinen, German Zep pelin expert, Whose advice to th on board during the Shenando:h’s runaway cruise largely was respon- sible for bringing her safe to port, Jan. 18.—(By the | Bok Peace Plan to be First Phase of Inquiry Under- taken by Committee Senate Committee to Find Out if Effort Is Made to Control Opinion Washington, Jan. 18.—A sweeping nvestigation of general propaganda in the United States will be started Monday ‘by a special senate commit- tee with the Bok peace plan its first subject for study Propaga lon tax program, the soldiers’ bonus ind other questions is expected to be considered later under thb commit- tee’s authority to “investigate and report to the senate whether ther is any organized effort being ma to control public opinion and the tion of Congress on legislative mat- ters through propaganda or by the use of money by advertising or by the control of publicit: Senator Reed, Democrat, Missouri, introdced the resolution under which the inquiry is to be conducted. New York, Jan. 18.—A report was made today on the first early returns in the “referendum” on the Ameri- can Peace Award which began Janu- ary 7th, and will last until approsi- mately the middle of February, Although many thousands of copies of the plan and ballot, shipped in response to orders, e nece: ily not yet reached their destination, a good deal of voting has already been done through the ballots in the dail press, At the end of the first five days of the “referendum” the vote stands 5,128 against the plan and for the plan. This is a per ntage of approximately 11 3-4 per cent against, and 88 1-4 per cent for. EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK FAIR ? already had expressed the opinion that the ship could weather any storm. A fact that had not generally been known until last night was the topie of considerable go This was the at the Shenandoah when gust of wind tore her from the mast started to the ground and only was about six feet from the earth when she started to rise and float av Capt. Heinen, Lieut. Commander Pierce and Lieut. E. H. Kincaid leaped for the levels that released the ballast, dumped out. 5,000 pounds of water and thus avert- ed an ignoble end for the prid the navy. Had their instincts ed them the giant craft probably would have crashed to the ground, a huddled Jheap of wreckage. GETS CLUE T0 MISSING MEN: Escaped Convicts May Have Left Minot on Freight Train Acting on a clue that Arthur Smith and William R, Burgman, who escaped from the state penitentiary here January 6, had left Minot Sun- day on the Great Northern “Twin Cities freight,” Warden J. J. Lee of the prison sent out requests to offi- cers along the great Northern and to Twin Cities police to be on the lookout for the escaped convicts Ac- cording to information received by the warden, the two men left Minot Sunday. The clue,*based on a “tip” which the warden hoped was authentic, wa that the two convicts after escaping made their way west, north across country and caught the Great North- ern into Minot from a little sta- tion west of there. They are said to have remained in Minot from Sat- urday night until sometime Sunday. EXPRESS RATE CASE HELD UP Washington, Jan. 18.—The Inter- state Commerce Commission today { temporarily het@~up ifs recent deci- sion ordering a reduction in express rates on food. * Seventy-five years’ indefatigable labor among the sick gnd poor has FOR THIS YEAR U.S. Labor Office Makes Re- port in North Dakota For Ensuing Year The outlook fo North Dakota in 1 “fair” by the United States Employ ent Service, in a booklet compr ing a specidl survey of 44 states, showing present employment condi- tions and the general, Industriat and agricultural prospects for 1924. Re- garding North Dakota the survey sh labor demand in is considered Phere is some unemployment ap- parent in this state at the present time which, however, is due largely to the seasonal curtailment of man activities. The outloog for 1924 i considered fair, though the present indications are that the demand for skilled help will not be as great as during the past year. program of the past year has bi practically completed, and it thought there will be activity in this line during the new year. The mining of Tignité coal is increasing, with its subsequent saffect on em; ployment. The farmers of the state aging year. Labor was scarce and cost of production great, and the out- look among the agriculturists is not bright unless conditions change ma- terially.” 4 The Weather | c= For twenty-four hours ending at noon today. Temperature at 7°A. M. . Highest yesterday Lowest yesterday Lowest last night Precipitation .... | Highest wind velocity . WEATHER FORECAST For Bismarek and Vicinity: Gen- erally fair tonight and Saturday. Colder tonight. For North Dakota: Generally fair tonight and Saturday. Colder to- night south portion. WEATHER CONDITIONS The pressure is high over the northwestern Rocky Mountain region causing continued cold weather over the northwest while a low pressure area centered over Wyoming, Colo- rado and Utah is accompanied by warmer weather over that region. Light, scattered precipitation oc- curred at many places throughout the northern states. ORRIS W. ROBERTS, Meteorologist. A. beekeeper in Ontario has ob- tained a ton of honey from 31 hives won the cross of the Legion of Honor for a yenerable French, nun, Sister Francis Xavier, now 93 years old. i : in less than ayear’s time. American industries used 80,000,- 000,000 cubiz feet of gas in 1922. . t MELLON TAXES NEXT) da dealing with the Mel- | The building } did not have a particularly enzour- | ‘POLAR FLIGHT | PROPOGANDA TO UTAH MAN, CONVICT BYSHENANDOAH BE PROBED BY. WIFE, EXECUTED; CLAIMS INNOCENCE SENATE BODY, He Did Not Commit | Salt Lake City, Jan. 18.—Omer I Woods, convicted wife murderer, v executed by a firing squad at the Utah state prison here at 8:17 o'clock this morning. He met death calmly and protested his innocence tu the end. The killing of Mrs. Woods occurred in an apartment house here January 9, 1922. execution was employed by Woods and his lawyers, but all failed Woods’ crime, that of slaying an in- valid wife and then attempting to set fire to the bed upon which her hody was reposing, is listed among the most grewsome crimes of the j West and the evidence against Woods | seemed so strong to members of the if y, to the supreme court H revieWed the case and to the Governor who reviewed the board of pardons that each of these held Woods guilty. “Fear is nothing to me,” Woods said last night. “Lam at peace with the world and will walk to my death GOLD VALLEY TO HAVE LIBRARY Reach, N. D., Jan. Golden Val- ley county is the first in the state to This wa made possible by citizens of Beach who moved the city public libra into ‘special quarters in the new ¢ den Valley Court house recently con structed’ here and in return for the rooms furnished will serve county taxpayers with library service. INSURGENTS FAIL TO WIN RULES FIGHT Plan to Cut Number of Peti- tione: to Discharge Committees Fails R have « county library. w STILL Ways and Means Committee Continues Its Hearings on Mellon Tax Bill Washington, 18. —The house struggled again’ today Iposed new rule to unable members iby petition to institute proceedings ie jth econsideration of legislation after ‘failing twice yesterday to fix number of petitioners to be required Each of the contending groups in the rules revision battle ization Republicans and the combined Democratic and Republican gent forces—-was day the former losing on a proposal by Rep. Graham, Republican, Illi- nois, that the names of at least half the house membership be required on ‘such petitions but succeeding short- \ly afterwards in defeating an effort to place the number at 100. This left the rules committee recommendation of 150 signatures around which the fight is centered in the position of a compromise pro- today. CALL EXPERTS Washington, Jan. 18. the end of its hearings on revision of the revenue att’ in sight the house ways and means committee today called upon treasury experts to ex- plain the government's _ financial needs for next year and also her fu ther appeals for cuts inthe rates af- fecting various interests The committee is planning to b gin ‘work on the rate sections of ii new bill next week. Time has been alloted at today’s scssion of the hearing to representa- tives of several organizations, includ- ing the American Bankers’ league which has endorsed the Mellon pro- posals. IN PORTLAND, Score one for the male jurors of Burleigh county. Thoy are a lot more courteous than the male jurors of Oregon. Fof while news dispatches reported that Mrs. Louise Palmer Weber, promi- nent Portland woman, severely criti- cized the male jurors for smoking and expectorating, and was excused by the judge, Mrs. F. R. Smyth and Mrs. F. A. Lahr of Bismarck, who are serving on the panel of the present term of district court in Burleigh county, find things much different here.- “The men have been very cour- teous, “both Mrs: Lahr and Mrs. Smyth declared. “There hasn’t been any need for swearing, “it was added, with re- ference to the dispatch which said that Mrs. Weber “swore like a Goes to Death Before Firing Sq Statement in Which He Reiterated Statements That TRUGGLING| with the pro-, for the discharge of committees from | the | the organ- | insur | victorious yester- | posal when the debate was resumed | s| leadership of our Nation ED OF SLAYING ad Without Fear After Brutal Crime Alleged jwith a firm step. I have only to ra- jgret that I must meet veath in this | manner, but I have nothing to fear. My wife knows I am innocent and vAen I meet her in the hereafter, if there is one, she will greet me with open arms.” “At this moment, the last few hours of my life on this earth, Tam anxious to go—to meet the judge who knows the heart of all men. 1 wish the people of Utah and the board of pardons might look into my heart as he will do and sec that I am an innocent man.” ROPE BREAKS. Fort Madison, Ta., Jan. 18. | Maupin, negro, was hanged 2 a. m. today for the murder of Joc Hayes, Carney, miner, As the trap was sprung and Maupin drop- | ped the rope broke midway between the noose and the knot which fas- | tened it to the gallows and the body | fell to the ground ALL-COOLIDGE ~ DELEGATIONT0 BE NOMINATED “Real Republican” Committee in Fargo Decides on Mass Convention Feb. 14 i REJECT COMPROM Will Not Confer with R. W. Frazier in Effort to Secure Harmony, Decision | | { { | Fargo, Jan, 18—A state-wide con- | vention of Republicans will be held lin Bismarck on Thursday, Febrasry ‘14, under the call of Burleigh F. | Spald “Real Republican State Committee A set of delegates to the Republi- | cun National convention to be held Jin Clevland who are favorable to President Coolidge and who wili go linto the March 18 primary will be | chosen at the convention. The basis of apportionment for } del to the convention to he {held in Bismarck will be one dele- h 400 votes cast for the last election. The probably will have —300| tes: in overnor at convention delegates. L. B. Hanna, idge campaign | speech before which he adv; manager of the Cool- | in the state, made a the convention in ted harmony and Mr, Hanna said that ier, chairman of the Re- state committee controlled ns, would return to] suggested that the should get together. Resolutions Adopted The following resolutions adopted before the committee journed: were ad-/ 1 committee, in meeting assembled 17th day of January, j tra Fargo this | 1924, do hereby reaffirm our belief in I the necessity and efficiency of party government in National affairs. “We do hereby affirm our legiance to the time honored and tested principles and doctrines of the republican party. We deny the loyalty of any citizen to the princi- ple of his party who works against its accepted policies. The Republi- can party cannot be properly repre- sented on its National committee |by one who has not always been a true and loyal Republican. “We most earnestly deplore the | untimely removal of our late Presi- |dent Warren G. Harding from the and our | party and desire to express our great sense of appreciation of his services for the benefit of all mankind. Indorse President Coolidge “We heartily commend and indorse the administration of President Cal- (Continued on Page 3) i H al- | MEN JURORS HERE NOT LIKE THOSE WOMEN JURORS SAY | trooper” in the Portland court room | because of condition | The men jurors smoke in the jury room when considering a case here, but both the women jurors agreed that the men were careful to see that windows were raised jso that the smoke would seep out without causing them annoyance. No one smokes in the courtroom. Some do chew tobaeco while on the jury, and they do find it necessary to expectorate, but it also was agreed that the use of tobacco Had decreased considerably since Christ- mas. Both Mrs. Smyth and Mrs. Lahr have served as jurors in many cases since the December term opened under Judge Coffey, and‘ there is at the present time no indication of: an early end of the term. | j int, meetings jed “We, the real republican state cen-|/¢ PRESIDENT AND ADVISERS HOLL LONG MEETING Situation Is Complicated B: Blockade Announced For Tampico by Rebels ASK TROOP PASSAGE Mexican Government Wants: To Transport Soldiers Across Texas MAY SEND WARSHIPS Washington, Jan. 18.— Indications are that war- ships may be sent to pro- tect American interests at rebel blockaded Port of Tampico, were strengthened today when it became known that Secretary Denby of the Navy Department would make an announcement shortly on the subject. Pending issuance of a statement officials would not talk. Washington, Jan. 18.—The situa- tion in Mexico, complicated recently by declaration of a revolutionists blockade at Mexico, was considered by President Coolidge and his ad- | visers today at one of the longest cabinet sessions in recent months. There were indications that more active steps to protect American in- terests in the blockaded port were considered at the meeting but cab- id afterward that any must come from the White House officials announcement President | were silent REFUSES PERMISSION Austin, Tex., Jan, 18.—(By the P.)—Permission to transport can federal troops across Texas was refused by Acting Governor T W. Davidson in a telegram to Secre- tury of State Hughes. Possibility of trouble with Mexican residents or. the Texas border prompted the refusal, the acting Governor said. If the federal government showed that the demand for the passage of the troops is urgent and guarantees ample protection to Texas citizens the request will be reconsidered and every effort will be made by officials of Texas to co-operate with the na- tional authorities, according to Mr. Davidson CREW GOES ASHORE, Washington, Jan. 18.—Part of the crew of the cruiser Tacoma, stranded ov a reef near Vera Cruz, was put ashore yesterday, according to a mes- sage to the navy department. The remainder of the crew and the com- monder were still on the ship last night. The ¢ the relic uiser Richmond, ordered to of the Tacoma, was expect- to reach the scene today. She will remain at Vera Cruz to perform the duty originally assigned to the Tacoma--that of maintaining wire- s communication between the port and the United States. BOMBARD CITY. Tampico, Jan. 18.—Rebel gunboats bombarded the city and port of Tam- pico. The news of the bombardment was received in a telephone message from the observer stationed at La Barra. The message said: “Jesus M. Palma, chief of the coast guard, at 9 o'clock yesterday morning, sighted the rebel gunboats Tampico and Saranzoza, which had prevented six ships from entering the port. The vessels were five tankers and the Dutch steamer Maas- dam “The rebel gunboats fired four shots. The artillery stationed at the entrance to the fort replied and forced the rebels to retire outside the range of the guns.” SEEKING LOAN Mexico City, Jan. 17.—The Excel- sior insists that negotiations are on foot for a loan of $100,000,000 to the Mexican governmnt to be delivered in four installments of $25,000,00( each. J. M. Buckner is named as the leading representative of bankers in the United States inte ested in the deal and the newspape say he is expected to come w Me: ico City for a conference with gov- ernment representatives. Alberto Pani, secretary of thi treasury, declined to deny or confirn the report. WOMAN BURNED. Fargo, Jan. 18.—Mrs. O. Kraglin] 18 Hogan apartments, is recovering at her honie from bad burns aboui the face, sustained late Tuesday when a broken bottle of vanill: which she threw into the furnace, ex- ploded. “ Mrs. Kraglin was baking a cake al the home of her mother, Mrs. H. 0, Rask, 313 Fifth St. N, when the va; nila bottle broke. She put the pieces of bottle and the: vanilla into a cu! and threw it into the furnace, wit the explosion resulting.| |