The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, May 7, 1923, Page 2

PAGE TWO THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE MONDAY, MAY 7, 1923 IMORE RAILROADS REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD'S PRODUCING POWER By O. P. AUSTIN Statistician, The National City Bank of New York. New railways with which to reach the interior of the undeveloped sec- tions of the globe will be demanded by the consuming world in the im- mediate future. The number of mouths which must be fed and bod- ies which must be clothed goes on in- creasing at an appalling speed. World population, which was estimated at 780,000,000 in 1820, was 1,830,000.000 in 1920, having thus increased 135% in the single century. The actuai in- crease in numbers in the first twenty years of the century under considera- tion was 170,000,000 and in the clos- ing twenty years of the century 287,000,000, notwithstanding the fact that the recent twenty year period includes the greatest war that the world has ever known, Should the present rate of increase continue, the world’s population by 1950 would approximate 2,250,000,- 000, or nearly 25% more than at the present time. When we find that the present world production of the great food and clothing staples, wheat, corn, rye, potatoes, sugar, cotton, wool and fibres, is in practically every instance less than that of the years immediately preceding the war, we involuntarily wonder where the world is to obtain the necessary quantity of food and clothing that the in- creased population of the near future will demand. GREAT AREAS STILL UNDEVELOPED This question is answered by an examination of the accompanying map showing the land and water transportation facilities of the world and noting the enormous land areag yet awaiting transportation facilities, to enable them to send their possible products to the water's edge where a now plentiful supply of steamships will be available to carry them across the ocean to the sections of the world which do not produce enough for their own requirements. It will be seen that the interior areas of four of the six grand divisions of the world, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia, are yet lacking in railway facilities to enable them to move their possible products to the water's edge. The shipbuilding ac- tivities of the war and the years which immediately followed it have given to the world ample facilities for trans- porting merchandise on the oceans, but railway construction has been Practically suspended since the be- ginning of the war and when we ex- amine the maps of the continents above named it is apparent that they have within their respective interiors enormous producing areas whiciv have no facilities for moving their products or possible products to the water's edge. South America, for instance, with an area of 7,570,000 square miles has but 55,000 miles of railway while the United States with an area less than half that of South America has 252,- 000 miles. Africa, with an area of 11,620,000 square miles has but 32,- 000 miles of railway, while Europe with an area one-third as much as that of Africa has 237,000 miles of road. Asia, with an arca more than five times that of the United States, has less than one-third as much rail- way mileage as our own, and Aus tralia, which approximates the United States in area, has but one-tenth as many miles of road as we have. The comparative absence of ways in the four grand divisi above referred to, Soi America, Africa, Asia and Australia, is evi- denced by the fact that the number of miles of railway for each one thousand square miles of area is in the United States 83; in all of North America 36; in Europe 62; in South Asi. er Arabian and great’ Gobi Deserts, and Australia her great arid interior, but our own experience with that a which i century ago it American Des- at cultivation along its edges increased the producing power of the adjacent lands, and the application of water by irrigation has rendered the arid land extremely This development of the producing power of our own desert areas fol- food and manufacturing material ta the densely populated sections of the globe in whieh such materials are actually required, RAILROADS AND POPULATION True, the question of population with which to produce the foodstuffs and manufacturing material which new railways must stand ready to carry, would be in certain areas a further problem but when we recall the tremendous additions which other continents contributed to our own a: ee | A erowing use of agricultural ma- chacry including farm motors and traaors would increase enormously the producing power of the popula- tion as compared with that in which the pres.nt great producing areas were developed, and the use of the automobile and freight truck for transporting products from the farm to the couimon carrier would enable a given number of miles of ¢ailway to serve a much larger area than wag the case in the years in which farm oceans increased 14% in the same pe- riod. Thus the ratio of world rail- way mileage to world population or ocean transportation declined during the period 1914-1920, but meantime the demands of the world for food and the facilities for moving it across the oceans continued to increase, COMPARATIVE COSTS OF RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION The cost of these needed new raile ‘ways per mile, in proportion to thosd which have been already constructed, 1 jsecntes Map Showing How World's Steamship Routes Excecd World's Railway Development and the America 7; in Australia 8; in Asia 4, and in Africa 3. PRODUCTIVE LANDS READY FOR RAILWAY DE- VELOPMENT Nor can it be argued that the ab- sence of railways in the undeveloped continents is due to a lack of pro- ducing power of their great interior areas. South America has probably less of what migh: be termed “des- ert” land in proportion to its total, area than the Unied States had in the early stages o/ its “¢ -elopment, and her mountain areas are in no greater proporticn than our own Africa, it is true, has her Sahara, lowed the extension of the railways int@that area, and similar experiences might be expected to follow, an ex- tension of transportation facilities to and within those areas of Asia, Africa and Australia now looked upon as deserts, and enable them to not only support a greater producing poputa- ‘tion but contribute largely to the wants of other parts of the world. Aside, however, from the now “des- ert” sections of Africa and Asia there are great areas of absolutely fertile lands ci high producing pow- er which only need transportation and a larger population to cnable them to contribute cho:mous quantities of population during the years in which we were extending railways to the interior of the United States suggests that fertile areas of the interior of the other continents would not lonz awa't producers if they were supplicd witi facilities for moving their prdducts to the water's edge, and especially in view of the growing demand for food and clothing materials in other parts of the worid, Recent developments in the appli- cation of mechanical power to pn- duction and transportaticn would also facilitate local prodwetion and at the same time increase the width of the belt which a railwzy may serve. The products were grown and harvested with only man power and transported to the railway by the aid of horses or oxen, which necessarily consumed Jerable percentage of the food of the area which they and which could now be served in Ix:ge part by mechanical power. Railway development in recent years has not kept pace with the de- velopment of population, commerce, le power on the oceans. The wage of the world in 1920 was <eactr:ally the same as at the te a.nmng of the war, while popula- tion increascd 10% and the noménal tonnage of steam vesscls on the Vast, Areas Still to be Opened Up by Railroads. would probably fe tess than fhe world average, for they would be chiefly aon« structed in areas now spafsely popas Jated and therefore the “right of way” including the cost of the land actual- ly utilized by them would be in most cases nominal and in other instances where the population is dense but wages low the labor cost of construc= tion would be comparatively small, though this would be in some de- gree offset by the higher prices now Prevailing and also by@the cost of transporting the rails and equipment which would necessarily be ome from other parts of the world. The gost of railway construction, of course, varies greatly not merely ia relation to the physical characteris- tics of the areas through which they Tun but especially in the sums de- manded for right of way, and the Jand on which the roads are built. Rail- ‘way construction in certain countries of Europe where the population was already dense and lands and existing buildings of an expensive character was extremely costly and in certain of the European countries which were fully developed prior to the advent of the railway the cost including the right of way and land upon which they were built brings the present es- timate of “capital per mile” to from 1 $150,000 to $250,000, while in the - ‘New countries where railways pre- ceded population the capital per mile is stated at less than half that in the older and already developed com- munities, averaging from $25,000 to $75,000 per mile, as against $150,000 to $250,000 in the more densely popu- dated countries of Europe. Recent tabulations by the Bureag of Railway Economics and other high authorities put the “net capitalization” per mile of the railroads of the United States at $68,787, while the capital per mile in the European countries (which were already devel- oped when railway construction oc- curred) is double and in some cases treble that of the United States. The “capital per mile” of the railways of France (exclusive of state railways) is stated at $186,394, and the United Kingdom $274,605. In densely popu- lated Japan the capital per mile is set down at $111,156, while in the newer countries where railways pre- ceded density of population the cost is much lower, ranging from $24,839 in Western Australia to $60,043 in New Zealand, and $65,714 in Canada. The total capitalization of all the railways of the world apparently ap- Proximates $70,000,000,000 ‘covering the 750,000 miles of road, suggesting an average cost of $93,000 per mile, while as above suggested the cost per mile in the areas not yet developed would, even at the present higher Prices, probably be materiafly below the world average of earlier years. RAILWAYS OF THE WORLD, BY GRAND DIVISIONS Pe Area Population ‘Total Per 10,000 Sq. Miles per Miles 1,000° Intmbe (a) Population Sq. Mile of Railway Sq. Miles itants Europe . 3,872,600 476,000,000" 1229 = 237,000 62.2 49 North America .. 8,589,300 136,000,000 158 313,500 36.5 = 23.0 South America .. 7,570,100 ASIA a nnicnnenens 17206100 Africa . 1,622,600 Australia 2,974,600 United States (b) 3,026,800 (a) Exclusive of Polar regions, (b) Exclusive of Alaska. 65,000,000 8.5 921,000,000 53.5 142,000,000 12.2 5,437,000 18 110,000,000 363 55,000 74 83 72,000 41 38 32,000 27 22 25,000 84 46.0 252,000 83.2 «22.9 FIND WITNESS IN VARSITY Chicago, May 7.—J. Allen Mills, a freshman at Northwestern university in September, 1921, when Leighton Mount, also a fi peared after @ class fight, and who has been Sought by authorities since a’skeleton partly identified as that of Mount’a week ago, has been found by the Akron, Ohio, police, according to a message received here today. MINE OWNERS MUST PAY | * | BACK TAXES St. Paul, May $5,000,000 back taxes will become continuing or reply on the tions. STILL HAY Berlin, May acriminous tenor of the French German reparation note the foreign office is not in- HAZING CASE clined to interpret it as wholly! Washington, Me path to negotia | states can compel masters of ar-| $6.80 to $7 a barrel. baracading the IN SHIP CASE 7.—De ite the ving vessels to t-year man, disap- Approximately due from mining companies oper- ating in Minnesota under the de- cision of court the Federal in sustaining Minnesota's law levying a 6 per cent gr * earnings tax on all oar mined in Collection, has ‘been held up by the mine companies at- tacking the constitutionality of the law. DANES PROTEST UM RULING London, May 7.—The Copenhagen correspondent of the Times says that 2 several Danish Trade organizations have requested the government to protest_to the United States against a. recent prohibition ruling of the supreme court of the United States + which thy hold is contrary to inter- . national law. They have also asked = the government to. approach other ‘ May 7A telephone ,com- jon from Ralph mmnleeti le Great Northern Railway 6 i said, however, that there ‘of the to inducing 1, presi- railroad: dis- ing those whose ay 7.—The United | changed. submit manifest | $28.50. Committee Named To Study Business Cycles Urges Caution In - Boom Periods In MATTHEW WOLL ° The Federal Reserve banks now hold a much larger amount of gold than is needed to support all the credit requirements of American in- dustry and agriculture, according to the committee on Unemployment and. Business Cycles, appointed by Herb- er Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, which has just made its report. One the propositions brought forward the investigators, who have been seeking a way to guard against futtre periods'of depression such as those- nie feyad ess tolowed prosperity in the past, is to set aside & special mete of this gold against the ign demands that will come with resumption of normal world ‘business, thus removing from the of temptation an easy means of ac aaa to ir point. Banks are urged by the report to use-extreme precaution in granting loans near the peak ot the business ise; Individual business men are ‘warned that their best: protection is to study: all-available sources of au- thentic information regarding world and national-etocks of their respect- ive commodities guiding their pur- chases accordingly. The Federal Government and the states are asked Report ./ust Issued MISS MARY VAN KLEECK to delay.public works: and not com- pete with private building expansion during the current boom, 4 Many other interesting correctives ‘are advanced by the committee, {whose persohnel makes the report carry. weight, .Owen D Young, resident of the General Electric mpany, is chairman. The other members are Joseph Defrees, former resident of the United States Cham- ber of Commerce; Mary Van Kleeck, {of the Russell Sage Foundation; Matthew Woll, ‘vice-presiden’ of the American Federation of Labor; Clarence M. Wooley. president of the American Radiator Company, and Edward Eyre Hunt, secretary of the President’s Conference on Un- employment, of which the committee rt. the . The National Burcay of Economie Research gathered the mass of “acts from which the findings were de- duced.’ Its material, edited dy Wesley C. Mitchell, nationally known authority on the business ‘cycle. is shortty to be published in book form. ‘The committee report itself will be part of the book, and ean be had tely by applying to the Presi- den Gonference on Enemplosment, peperenit of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C, ise prohibited, the supreme court held today in a case brought by the gov-|: ernment against Weslay Sischo. MINNEAPOLIS FLOUR. Minneapolis, May 7—Flour un- Family patent quoted at showing all articles aboard includ-' NOTICE OE SALE REAL ESTATE importation is Notice is hereb certain mortgage of the premises in hereinafter descr do years 1920, one and 89-100ths after delinquency gagors, together with two intercst ade, exe delivered by W. J. Richard and Cora Richard, his wife, August 'E, Johnson of Washburn, N. -D., mortgagee, 1920, and filed of ?ecord in the of- Bran, $28 to | fice of Register of Deeds of Burleigh county on April 8th, 1920, and r corded in book 161 of mortgages page 555, will be foreclosed b; of the Burleigh county court e at Bismarck, N. o'clock p. m., on May 17th, 1923, to satisfy: the amount due mortgage on the day of sal Default has occurred under th conditions of said mortgage, 72 ror gagors have failed and refused to two installments of Fort 100ths Dollars ($40.00) exch April 6th of the years 1921 and respectively; and the 21 and 19; ly in the sum of Two Hundred FORECLOS MORTGAGE, given th: that Sues Se * niortgagors, to dated April 6ti, uch mortgage ed, at the front D., at two upon such e. and No due on respe; Dollars ($261 by these mort- installments of One ‘Hundred Twenty | trialists. and No-100ths Dollars ($120) each, due on the 6th of April, A. D. 1921 and 1922, respectively on a prior re- corded mortgage on said premises, and which taxes and prior mortgage interest the mortgagee includes with interest thereon as mortgage indebt- edness, together with all ments of this mortgage indebtedness closure. install- otherwise immatured, because of sai defaults declared and payable. as provided by this such mortgage and which will be sold to satisfy the same are e Northeast Quarter (NE%) of Sec- immediately duc{W. L. SMITH, tion Fwenty-two (Sec. 22), of Town- ship One Hundred Forty-three (Twp. 143) north, of H, G, HIGGINS, ‘Attorney for Mortgage, + = Baldwin, N. D. ROTICE OF MOR ty CLos! . Notice is hereby given that that éertain mortgage executed by Thom- Jar as Garross and Emma. Garross, his wife, mortgagors, to D. mortgagee, dated March 15th, 1917, filed for record in the office of the | So the flakes are Register of Deeds of Burleigh coun. 24 partly cooked. S ty, North Dakota, March 23rd, 1917, and duly recorded in Book 138 of peas i on pas ea will ne fore- closed by a sale of the premises in} Y sich mortgage and hercihafter/de-| Quick and the regular. If you want the’ this. quick cooking ask for Quick oe Range Seventy-nine (Rge. 79) west of 5th P. M., and the suf due on said mortgage on the day of sale will be the sum of Six Hun- dred Sixty-six and 54-100ths Dollars ($666.54), together with the costs and disbursements of this sale. AUGUST E, JOHNSON, seribed at the front door, of court house in the city of Bismarck, urleigh county, North Dakota, at the hour of 2 o'clock in the after-— noon of the 22nd’ day of May, 1923,° to’ satisfy the amount due on such mortgage on the day of sale. The premises described in said mortgage and whieh will be sold to satisfy the} same are described as follows: Lot) number 11 of section 3, township: 137 north of range 80 west of the} 5th Prin, M., containing 40.6 acres,| A The premises described in Mortgugee. (3-20-27-5-4-i1 jaker Oats. sma! quickly. Quaker. from New York to join the Willia are the sixth group to leave America for the Kuzbas colony of indus- ee RR more or less. There will be due on such mortgage at the date of sale $286.75, besides the costs of forc- Dated this 13th ye April, 1923, Attorney for Mortgagee, Bismarek, North Tribune Want Ads Brirg Results BREAKFAST - IN A HURRY Ask for Quick Quaker Oats if you want breakfast in a hurry. It cooks in from 3 to 5 minutes as ; tis well as an hour could cook it. No' TGAGE FORE- other oat flakes on the market cook JURE SALE. . ,anywhete near sé quickly. e | "The same delicious flavor as regu- Flaked from the finest \grains only. T. Owens, Quaker the oats are cut before flaking. They are rolled very thin r—that is all. And those small, thin flakes cook ler and thinne: ' Your grocer has both styles—the ff - Now, a Quick ‘Cooks in 3 to. minutes ‘The quickest cocking eats ia the world RE) OFF TO RUSSIAN’ KUZBAS COLONY Waving red banners and singing xongs, these men and women sailed Haywood colony in Russia. jPhey . OWENS, Mortgagee. '-5-4-11-18 But in Quick Oats Maroone wc: “ve saying. long—”’ A blue ripping glare Allie Briskow “Weill be alive!’ she "9 trap! REX BEACH'S |NOTICE TO TELEPHONE | SUBSCRIBERS | The printer’s forms for the |June issue of the telephone directory will close May 10. Please telephone the Manager, No. 1000, now, if you desite any corrections or change made in your listing. WANTED Man with teams to break from thirty to one hundred acres of ground for Flax in vicinity of Mc- Kenzie at once. Box 375 Bismarck In a Sea of Blazing Oil read about sort of thing,’’ Allie was “Tanks bursting and rivers afire!” “One ‘thing sure, this lightning — won't explosion the lie to Gray’s words, recoiled. burned “Roadted like rats in a <novel, ig full of sueh gripping cies) . BEGINNING THURSDAY, MAY 10, IN The Bismarck Tribune