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‘posed to the farmer’s program THE WEATHER Generally Fair Lett ttt f— THIRTY-NINTH YEAR es BISMARCK, NORTH DA FOUR. BILLION GOVERNMENT RRR AA AAA ARR RRA ARR ee BURTNESS PUTS TOWNLEY ‘OUT’ BEFORE CROWD Two Meet on Same Platform, | After Boss of League Tries to Dodge TOWNLEY’S ABUSE FAILS Fails to Make Good His Bluff When it is Called Hard at Park River Park River, N. D., Oct. 20.—A. C Townley was utterly routed in the| presence of a crowd of his followers here by O. B. Burtness, Republican candidate for congressman from the first North Dakota district. He brought it on himself when he rashly offered to make good his indis- criminate abuse of the business men of Park River and other cities against all comers. He didn’t know when he made the offer that Mr. Burtness was in Pisek only five miles distant. The Grand Forks han jumped at th: chance to meet the league boss, and when the dust Cleared away the lat- ter:fvas about the sickest socialist tc be found in North Dakota Jt happened thus: Mr. Townley was holding one of his “unadvertised’ meetings at Park River and the great majority of those present were his staunch supporters; there were, how ever, a few business men of the city in the rear of the hall, and agains them the socialist boss launched th: full force of his abuse. Finally, how ever, he went too fy. and a farmei in the hall who has’ hitherto been supporter_of the Nonpartisan League arose and said: \ Called b y supporter. “Mr. Townley, you are going toc far in your attack on these busine: men.” The socialist boss came back witi another tirade, and an offer to up hold his statements against anyone who cared to dispute him. |Thereup: on someone in the body of the hal demanded: “Olger Burtness is at Pisek tonight will you argue this with him?” Town ley was evidently taken aback, an tried to back out, but this even h: own followers would not permit, “an¢ finally agreed to wait for Mr. Burt ness. The lattef’was reached by tele- phone, the situation explained to him. and he-immediately left for Park Riv- er by automobile, arriving half an hour after, Townley had uttered his challenge. In the meantime the latter had, no- ticeably begun to “crawfish,” quali- fying many of his previous state ments and showing a decided lack oi pep.” When Mr. Burtness arrived the terms of the discussion were quickly arranged each man being given 10 minutes to question the other, and 24 minutes for answer. Demands American Flag. Before proceeding frther, how- ever, Mr. Burtness demanded that an American flag be brought into the hall. “I have just finished speaking to an audience of which 50 per cent was foreign born, but which was made up of good American citizens who displayed the Stars and Stripes: I have always had a flag in the hall when I speak,” he said. “I want tc see a flag here before I go further. One Thorlif Moe, a henchman of Townley’s attempted to tell why there was no American flag in the hall, but the big chief was apparent- ly afraid he would “spill the beans,; and, qnickly shut him off. A flag Was brphght &ddythe debate ‘began../i Mr. Townley asked’ Mr. Burtness in effect, “why the business men 0! Park River and other cities are op- Not Against Farmers. Mr.. Burtness’ answer was prompt: “The business men,” he said, “are not opposed to the farmers’ program. they are opposed; however, to des- potic rule of self appointed bos many of wgom are not even citizens of North Dakota. In suppoxt of this claim he cited the records of the stare Jegislature showing that the independ- nt members had «loyally supported all of the real farmers’ program. Mr. Burtness’ Questions. It was then Mr. Burtness’ turn to question, sind it wa then that ‘Townley’s downiall ¢ are some of the questions ~Burtness shot at the socialist evar: “Which has the est In this state, you or I? “What expianation have you for the fact that every law passed by your majority at the special session of the legislature which was referred to the people was voted down by them? “Whe did not the people of the state follow your urzent ad- vice and yote down the Anti-Red Flag law? “Why were such hooks as Up- ton Sinclair's “The Profits of Re- ligion’ placed in the state library to be sent to people who wished books on social problems? “Why did you place your ad- yertisement for leagne organizers in the arch-Socialist periodical, “The Appeal to Reason?” “Why did not you and Mr. Lemke accept the opportunity (Continued on Page Three) greater inter- Mr, Townley, Bittner ter rtm DROP RAAT LIGGETT USES TAXPAYERS MONEY, TRAVELS IN LUXURIOUS MANNER, KOTA. W! BALLOT WITH 8 STOPS IN FASHIONABLE HOTELS) COLUMNS HELD. Immigration Department Employe Uses State Funds to Boos League—Kositzky Stops One Bill Approved by Governor and Others on Auditing Board a Charges have been made that the funds provided for the state immigration department have been used for spreading Nonpar- tisan league propaganda, and have been denied by league leaders. The first open confession, how- evér, that is done comes in an ex- pense“account filed by W. W. Lig- gett, whom the department “sta- tions” at Washington, D. ©. Ligget presented a bill of $4.56 ned the foilowing note: \ “To stenographic — service: re article to newspapers in ¢ nection with talk at Ethical cul- ture Society on behalf of the No partisan league on Sunday, 1929, 11, Received Stenography Service Co.” The firm ig a New York firm. The expense account went before ate auditing board of which is ¢ the si Governor Frazier Auditor Carl Kosi “wate dogsof the treasu who wi 5 moved from the augiting board, has marked the amount off Lig- ze Xpense account, however, as an improper charge. At Fashionable Hotels, Liggett’s expense account indi- cates that the state is paying for pleasure trips for him to New York and other places. Included in it are two separate charges of a room at the Hotel Commodore, New York, one of gfe newest big airman. NITIATED LAW PERMITS MONEY KEPT AT HOME Local Communities to Con- trol Own Cash j ducts 948.40; dairy and hog depart- ; - ment $4,632.17; chickens $452; canned S ‘PRO AND.CON’ fruit and vegetables $500. Total \RGUMEN Editos’s Notes+-This is the second of a series of articles dealing with the initiated meas— ures to be voted upon by the peo- ple of the state Nov. 2. Shall the people of the various communities of North Dakota have he right to keep their own money at 1ome? This is the issue presented in the second of the five initiated measures > be voted on by the people on No- vember 2, It involves one of the fundamental orinciples which have been followed hrough the country. Every attempt wt deviation has brought a storm vf; criticism. The Federal Reserve bank ‘ormed because, those who argued for was | INCOME FROM ;North Dakota training school, which i | i he system said, too great wealth was! yeing placed in control of a small co erie of bankers in Wall street. Many vays have been devised to keep North the use of the people. And in offer- ing an initiated measure providing hat the money of the various schow! listricts may be kept in local banks, che same principle is followed. The initiated mi re amends sec- tion 7 of Chapter 17 of the laws of the state of North Dakota and reads is follows: All state funds of all state penal. educational and industrial institutions shall be, by the persons. having con- rol of such funds, deposited in the Bank of North Dakota.” Does Not Hurt Bank It is claimed by those opposed to vhe measure that it is intended to wreck the Bank of North Dakota. Thi is denied by those supporting the in itiated measure. They point out that the measure given above provides that all the state funds, which :mount to millions of dollars, shall be kept in the bank. More ‘than tw che amount of money loaned to tarm- ars by the bank would be kept in the bank by the requirements of the law. j (n addition the bank would also have the proceeds of the ten million real estate bonds now authorized by law Those favoring the measure can- not see how -the initiated measure could defeat the purpose for which tfe Bank of North Dakota was estab- i lished—making loans to farmers. The law would make it possible fo: all local boards to keep their money wherever they can get the most sat- isfactory sevice and results accord ing to their own judgment and ex- perience. They may -put the money in the Bank of North Dakota, of they fmay put it elsewhere. The approval of the law will not deprive the Bank | of North Dakota of the right to eive deposits from individuals, or- nizations ‘or corporations. It will have all such money in gddition to the state funds for which it will, be the exchequer. Aids Schools. School taxes in many parts of the! ! state have-been increased because the | {local communities are not receiving | formerly did. that they to get the best rate of interest they | could. (Continued on Page Three) Dakota money in North Dakota for) jonly the two t ithe United States on the socialist ba!-' no sign on the weather map of snow} {lot, to. be voted on at the presidential or rain, it |primary to be held in said state on the, bureau today. |21st of March, A. D. 1916.” | would give the local boards the iJzht |year, according to L. A. Gibson, pr New York hoteis, of $4.00 each, and another charge for an $8.00 room at the same hotel. One of Liggett’s trips to New York, includes the following items: June 17, Pullman berth to New: York ...... i June 18, taxi, depot to hotel Breakfast Lunch “Supper Hotel bill Pullman berth, } Washington June 19, taxi, hotel to depot Breakfast ene The explanation of t of 95 cents for each meal is for any expense of $1.00 or over a receipt must be presented Strong on Pullman: Liggett’s expense account shows a charge on May 31 of $2.70 for a “Baltimore Pullman,” a charge on June 1 of $3.60 for a room in Hartford, Conn.; on June 3, for $4.00 for a room in New York; of $5.00 for a room in Phil- | “adelphia on, June Pullman to | New York on May 10 of, $3.20; | and sev New York taxi bills at 65 cents each. If one might rely on Mr. Lig- | gett’s expense account, he is seeking immigrants for North Da- kota on Pullman and in fas | ionable hotels in Philadelphia and | New York. j ' y York to | M al 39 SCHOOL FARM NINE THOUSAND Mandan, N. D., Oct. 20 be done on a small farm has again | received illustration this year at the | operates a model farm of seventy-five i ent, summ: the season's produc- tion on seventy-five acres thus: Garden products $3, farm pro- nue $12,610.57. Omitting garden products and canned fruit and vege- tables, the income from ordinary farm products wag $9,032.57, NONPOLITICAL 4 1 ~1§ SUSTAINED Supreme Court Rules that Stark County Man Cannot Get on Ballot ! ( The supreme court has decided that | —What can " = ‘ ‘court showing any Measure Aimed to Give Right of acres here. J. M. Devine, superintend- j ; square placed’ opposite. 10 BE LAWFUL Lemke Loses One Contention in Supreme Court Decision—No Fraud is Found | DEBS NAME IS BARRED Socialists Having No Right. to Individual Column, Debs Name Must Be Removed The three-column ballot which Wil- liam Lemke said was illegal is held legal by the supreme court in its unanimous ruling in’ the fraud case.” The placing of the word “Debs” the side of a braciet after the fi socialist. presidential electors 1s held improper, and defendants are re- strained from use of this namg,on three-column ballots. No finding of fraud is made‘by the ab | court. No necessity of a separate column for socialis and other individual jnominations is found. These are-the outstanding téatures of thé decision of the court, written by Justice Bronson, in the case, han@éd down late yesterday after- noon. *The court finds that in 40 of the counties of the state there was no ob- jection raised to the form of the bal- lot, although Mr. Lemke named county auditors among the detend- ants, . A separate answer was filed by the auditor of Richlahd county to the ef fect that a four-column ballot was being uged. . The orneys named with Lemke in the case are Barnett and Richard- son, of Fargo, Clair D. Brickner, of Fargo, and Charles Crum, of Mandan 0 evidence is mentioned by the conspiracy be- tween Thomas Hall, secretary of state and other persons, of an attempt to defraud the Nonpartisan league. Grouping Not Proper * In the thtee-coluin ballot, as well as in the fourcolumn — ballot, «the names of the socialist presidential {electors were grouped together, and with bracket, and: one Judge Bron: enclosed a it is not proper Yc son Holds that a 'group them or to place the name Debs opposite and also that there must be five squares instead of one. EDNESDAY, OCT. 20, 1920. 30) BISMARCK TRIBUNE LAST. EDITION PRICE FIVE CENTS LEAGUE DEFEAT WILSON’S FAULT ~ ROOT DECLARES i i In Only Speech of Campaign He Says President Killed Convenant Himself EUROPE READY TO CHANGE , Would Not Object to Covenant Reing Altered to Meet Objections fr i; New York, Oct. 20.—Elihu Root, ‘in his only address on the league of nations during the presidential cam- “ballot Spaign, last night, declared that the} jtreaty of peace with Germany would shave been ratified and America would have been a member of the league} CHICAGO---The picture shows it President Wilson “had been will-; Walter A. Sadler, New York ing.” | stock broker, whose expose of | “Mr. Wilson, however, was not “higher-ups” in Chicago's booze- | willing. He insisted upon the treaty yabsolutely unchanged.” Mr. Root said, adding later on in his speech: “L do not question M i beliefs that the disposition of the on May 31, 1919, were just and fair | but, without d spect, | do question Mr. Wilson's infallability. I do qu tion the complete control of abstrac! justice in the pro s by which the }rour men who dictated those /trea- i which undertook to make over Europe, reached their con- c ic! ‘ Extend Phan hi have an impre the accommodation rtiinitely n that there of confi “y was ing interests, the giving of something there to iyielding of avoid losing othe get something there, the some things in order to , the shading of justice by expediency which has characterized such conferences since history began. I have a strong im- ;Pression that some of their conclu- |sions were mistakes. “And I think it most objectionable that the American people shall enter into a solemn and po to guarantee and maintain by for of arms for’ all time the dispositions of territory and sovereigity which these four men made in the year 1919. “That is a, part of what Article X i enforce perpetually through the opera- tions of The Hague the decisions of , Mr. Wilson and his in the ‘year 1919. 0 It is a throw-back to the jtreaty for which he was ‘contending | ve agreement EXPOSES HIGH-UPS IN BOOZE RING ring has caused consternation in Chicago liquor circles. adler, who is considered the “brains” of the ring, signed a confe: which he declared he pa 000 to John McLaughlin, dep- uty United States revenue agent, to permit 60,000 gallons of liquor in bond in Louisville to be taken out and shipped into-Chicago. i COST NEXT YEAR HOUSTON GALLS FOR THRIFT IN NATIONAL LiF E Points to Government Costs Necessitated for Paying of War Debt A NEW PROGRAM Points to Necessity of Providing Relief for Agricultural Interests WA Washington, Oct. 20.-- Government -xpenditures of $4.000,900,000 during he ne cal year were forecast by of Houston of. the treasury lepartment today in an address before che convention of the American Bank- Z ssociations. The secretary out- inedythe treasury program for paying the War debt, liquidation of which he said must go on steadily, so that final redemption be accomplished without listurbance to national life. He ap- vealed for “the strictest economy not mly in government expenditures but uso by thrift of the people,” adding hat the program necessitated the naintenance of taxation. é “After this fiscal year on a level of aot less than $4,000,000,000 ‘annually, Mr. Houston said receipts from the JUDGE POLLOCK, STATE PIONEER, | DIES IN FARGO 'Was Leading Figure in Early Fight’ for Constitutional Prohibition WAS PROMI ENT LAWYER | Farge, Oct, 20.—Robert M. Pollock of Fargo, who probably more thay “any other person was responsible for the inclusion of the liquor prohibitory i undertakes to do. -It is an alliance to clause in the constitutiow of North Dakota, died yesterday at his home, | 210 Eighth Street S. | Mr. Pollock retired in good health. Finding that the nominations of the iq discredited alliances of the past./he had been at his office the even- socialist candidates ‘are “essentially |j~ speaks a language of power, and, ing before as usual, and spent a part jholds that they are “not entitled to' attempt to do what the holy alliance fraternal order which had signally individual nominations” the justice any grouping which would represent sought 100 years ago (with just as ‘honored him in previous years. concerted party action.” not the spirit of progress. It is an inoble expressions of purpose) to im- ,of last evening at a meeting of a When Mrs. Pollock was awakened “But the correctness of our con- pose by foree the judgment of, the ‘about 6 a. m., she heard her husband clusion in th ist party,” the justice says, taki the position that if it were true the | socialists were entitled to party des ignation then the petitoner would have grounds for complant. “Consequently we shall not under- take in this proceeding to determin | case does not depend rulers of the present generation ‘up-{ breathing heavily, on the status with respect to the so- on all future generations. Would Elect Harding Mr. Root declared that‘ we, shall | promote the peace ;electing ‘Seator Harding, Republican ieandidate for president, whose stand lon the league, he said, was un- anged from the time he voted for of the world” by) He was awake, ibut did not speak, Before Mrs. Pol- ‘lock could call for help, he had pass led away. * Prominently Known for’ Years Mr. Pollock was one of the besi - known men in North Dakota. As a ‘resident of Fargo since 1897°he hal {engaged in the practice of law, head- only the two highest men in the pri- absolutely the position and form in! yatification of the peace treaty and/ing in recent years the law firm of mary can be on the nonpolitical ballot for county offices. ee | The decision Was made in the case | of John F. Luhman, of Stark county, {ballot is used, it should contain at ‘have a Nonpartisan Jeague man, who pre- sented petitions to the county auditor | and asked that his name be entered on the ballot 1 candidate for sher- | iff. Judge Crawford held that he could not become a candidate and this decision is upheld by the supreme court. ‘ The county auditor was represent- ed in the by Albert E. Jr., assistant attorney-general, ntended that the law permitted highest candidates the primary to make the fall race. Lawyers for Luhman were H. C€.! Berry and George Foster, the latter | Nonpartisan league candidate for dis- trict judge in the fourth district. 1 SOCIALIST IS N. P. CANDIDATE While an official at the statehouse | vas looking over old petitions of the | So ist party in connection with the ballot case, he discovered the name of B. L. Surface, of Mandan, league candidate for the legislature in Morton county. Surface signed tl petition of Arthur LeSueur, of Minot, get his name on the ballot in the imary as socialist candidate for prgsident. Surface subscribed to the following statement at the head of the petition: “We, the undersigned, do hereby certify that we are qualified electo of the state of North Dakota repre- | senting the socialist party and do/ hereby petition and’ request that he} name of Arthur LeSueur, of Minot, N. | D., be printed as a candidate for nom- ination to the office of President of BIG BUTTER CROP Winnipeg, Man., Oct. 20. i ! Enough | the rate of interest on their money | putter to cover 265,000,000 slices of | The law | bread was produced in Manitoba. this}Havre, Montana, where it was 2 vincial dairy commissioner. Of 8,- ndidates in the fall | which their names may be placed up- ‘Jeague of nations with the on the ballot,” he says. Restriction’ Placed. He holds that if ‘“a three-column least one column devoted exclusively to individual nominations; that if the } |socialist president and vice-president { electors remain in the column of indi- | vidual nominations, there be removed , the name ot Debs: also that there 12 {removed the square or hox purport-' ing to facilitate the voting for the group as a unit, and in lieu thereot jthere be placed a square opposite the ; individuat designated !haye given notice of half a dozen | HELP TO FARMER name of each socialist, and that the respondents be restrained from printing or, circulat- | ing three-column ballots which do not conform to this decision.” There remains, as a result of the decision, a question in the minds of tsome as to whether, to be in strict, conformity with the decision, the four- fcolumn ballots must he printed over | again and the Debs’ boxggemoved. The ‘question of the legality of the four: | column ballot was: not at issue, the | i FOR LEGISLATUR jattorney for the secretary of § ate not raising the point because of the delay and expense which might be in- volved ingprinting ballots again in the | event of a decision in favor of this | contention. FROST COMES IN SHARP FALL OF THERMOMETER Bismarck air when ing. The mercury sunk to 28 during the night, the lowest of the season, bring- ing with it a heavy frost. The tem- perature began to rise almost as soon as the sun was up. There may be frost again tonight. The weather bureau, prediction is for warmer weather, Thursd: people ‘felt a zip in. the they awoke this | morn- stated at the weather The beautiful Indian summer weather may continue sometime—-weather bureau records show it is normal at this season of the year. \ The coldest point reported last was = Miles City it was 32. There is an atea of high pressure over the entire It would “keep the money at 250,000 pounds produced, 4,100,000 has |northwest, which shows no signs of; railway headquarters today. ibeen exported, he: stated, lifting. for} senate The election of Gover- 0. Democ presidential ‘nominee, he said, meant the effort to ! the United. ‘States join the league of nations without change, as it was brought back from Europe by President Wilson. After “restatiiig the situation” of the league, Mr. Root declared that it was well understood in 1919 and “is well understood now, that the other parties to the treaty would have been content to accept,” the senate reservations adding: “Several European nations al iveservations. jnor , Ci ready changes in the covenant which thev propose to urge at a meeting of the ‘assembly of the league next month. The only reason why changes ne essary to meet Americ jons have net already been considered is that Mr. Wilson simply would not ‘negotiate for them.” 7 DEAD, MANY INJURED WHEN TRAINS CRASH Erie, Pa. Wreck Proves Fatal to Minnesota Boy—Parents Injured i Erie, Pa., Oct., 20.--Seven persons are known to have been killed and at least 17 injured in a wreck on the New York central railroad near the union station here today. Some of the injured hurt that hospital physicians said ' they expected the list of dead to he increased. The identified dead in- clude: ALZOR CARLSON, 14, Sebeka, Minn. The injured include Mr. and Mrs. Gideon Carlson of Sebeka, Minn. | | Roanoke, Va., Oct. 20.-—Three train- ‘men were killed, five others injured and several others shaken up in a col- lision between Norfolk and Western | passenger trains at Rural Retreat, Va., according to an announcement at The \trains met on a siding. i re so badly | | Pollock & Pollock, which includes his ;two sons, James W. and John C. | Pollock. i It was in thé constitutional con- ‘vention in 1889 that Mr. Pollock be- ;came a statewide figure. .The great- lest fight of that convention centertd |around the inclusion to the liquot | prohibitory.,amendment to the con- |stitution. He was a member of the | (Continued on Page Tnree) \HOOVER URGES ' WATERWAY AS A | Oct. 20.—American, ex+ | New Yorks, will cease within portation of Wheat ‘10 rs unless the farmer can in- jerease the productivity of his soil, Hubert Hoover declared today at ‘hearing before the international jo tcommission advocating the prop deep sea waterw trom the Great ‘Lakes through the St. Lawrence river. Mr. Hoover said the proposed water- way would mean a saving of at least 110 cents per bushel on export wheat land this saving would go into the |pockets of the American farmers and result in great production. WHEAT PRICE PROBE: BRGUN ).—Investigation of nt drop in wheat which Jed from Senator Arthur | Capper, of K that the slump {was manipulated w rted today by the federal trade commission. F. L. Gates, president of the Chi- cago Board of Trades was the princi- ess called enator Capper, de dgale: nd represent- organizations also | the rec ito complait [pal witn ‘board of t {a of farmers’ lwere called. | i iMacSWINEY HAS DELIRIOUS NIGHT London, Oct. 20.-Lord Mayor Mac- Swiney, suffered a serious attack of yextreme delerium Shortly after 10 o'clock this morning, the 69th day of his hunger strike, said a bulletin is sued by the Irish Self-Determination league. sresent fiscal year would be material- y lower than the record of five bill- five hundr million last year. We cannot afford to operate on a ux basis which would give us reve- ues below those anticipated,” he con- inued. “T think it of urgent importance that here be a prompt resurvey of the sit- ation with a view to reform of axes to the wiping out of inequities ud inequalities,” Heavy Burdens The treasury’s program should be lisarranged, the secretary said, “by he heavy burdens imposed by the ransportation act. He estimated the umounf which the ;government will vay te Y S at $1,000,000,000 about jne-fourth already has been paid. Mr. Houston predicted rapid reduc- ion in the gross national debt through she coming year. Turning to the demands of agricul- ure interests for government -help, “lr. Houston said, that specially had \ reduction in the cost of living mani- ested itself whenever producer mani- ested resistance. Marketing Conditions “The situation is the result mainly, o~ war, and in no small measure the ‘ailure of this nation and nations sverywhere to date to devise better ar- gements for stotage and marketing at farm’ produc for these things no me in particular is now to blame. ome farmers of being hit (hey are natur some of which are not practi some of which are suicidal. ‘The first impulse of many who are earching for the way out is to turn to he government, and especially to the reasury as the sole instrumentality or full economic salvation. | “It is this disposition which is the nain explanation of mounting federal oudgets and of ntralizing tendencies requently cri ed. “It there a fault, and 1 think here is, the blame rests largely with he public which remains equiescent while inteersted groups are clamor- jus. When the people ze this ‘act there will be a remedy and not intil then.” RAIL WORKERS IN ENGLAND IN STRIKE CONFAB Committee Adjourn Afier Dis- cussing Question of Sympa- thetic Action London, Oct union of railw: ~The — national men, the executives of transport workers and parliament- ary committees of the trade unions congress all held meetings today to consider their attitude toward the coal strike but thus far no decisions have been made. The greatest im- portance attached to the national railway men's union meeting, whicl was a full delegate congress with powers to declare a sympathetic strike without referring the matter to the union matters.. After approximately two hours of discussion James Henry Thoinas, gen- eral s ary of the railway men’s union, id the whole situation had been reviewed and adjournment tak- en until Thursday. The executives of the transport workers and trade union committee continued — their meetings. One effect of the coal strike will be an increase in the cost of living ow-- ing to the decline in value of the pound sterling and the increased cost of inward-bound freight caused by diminution of exports, declared Austin Chamberlain, chancellor of the exchequer in the house of commons today Reports from Morristown, Wales, state many steel workers there, who have been made idle by the strike, have decided to emigrate to Canada.