The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, February 11, 1918, Page 1

“tHE WEATHER Fair‘and colder, THIRTY.EIGHTH YEAR. BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1918. RUSSIA DEMOBILIZING F ORCES | WILSON CALLS PEACE OF FERS OF CENTRAL POWERS VAGUE PEACE VIEWS OF NATION ARE OUTLINED AGAIN Final Settlement Must Be Based Only Upon Essential Justice CANNOT BARTER NATIONS Well Defined National Aspirations Must Be Accorded Sat- isfaction KAISER’S DEMAND. Amsterdam, Feb. 11.—“Germany desires peace, but before it can be obtained, her enemies must rec- ognize that Germany has beén victorious,” Emperor William said in reply to an address presented by the Burgomaster of Hamburg, at the conclusion of peace with the Ukraine, Washington, Feb. 11.— President! Wilson at 12:30 p, m. today will ad- dress congress on the attitude of the; United States to the recent speeches made by German Chancellor von Hert-/ ling and the Austrian Foreign Minis. | ter Count Czernin. | The president’s decision to address| congress on the subject follows sev-/ eral days of conferences with Col. | House, his personal representative to the Grand Pacifie hotel Monday at We want you to know what we hav you to advise us as to what you wa evening. We expect a rousing tin | personal invitation is necessary. ened: i. GI “OF TUSCANIA German Newspapers Gloat Cver | ‘Psychological Effect’’ of Disaster 1 the allied conferences abroad. ‘No official announcement of what, the president was planning to say was | made, but it was known he would| make reply to the declarations of the! German and Austrian premiers, which | were regarded here as insincere and! insufficient. -Chancellor von Hertling’s state- ment, the president .said, was, very vague and confusing, and leads to practically no conclusion. It was very different in tone from Count’ Czernin,\|* which the president said, had a friend- ly tone. The president reiterated that the! United States ‘had io desire to’ inter-|- fere in European affairs and would “disdain to take. advantage of any in-| ternal weakness-or disorder to impose her own will upon another people.” . All ‘the way through the president draws a parallel between the pro-} nouncements of. Chancellor Hertling and Foreign Minister Czernin and his; hearers drew the conclusion that the president decidedly considered Czer- nin’s utterances as being more favor-| able than Hertling. “Czernin seems to see the funda-/ mental elements of peace with clear eyes and does not seek to obscure them,” said the president. “Count Czernin,” he continued, “probably would have gone much fur- ther had it not been for the embar-| rassment of Austria’s allies and her| dependence on Germany.” Again the president reiterated the United States was in the war and would put forth its whole strength in the “war of emancipation.” Compares Views. The test of whether it is possible for the belligerents to go on comnar- ing views, the president said, was sim- ple and obvious, and the principles to be applied, he said, were as follows: 1. Each part of the final settle- ment must be based upon essential justice to bring a permanent peace. 2. Peoples and provinces are noi to be bartered about like chattels to es- tablish a balance of power. 3._ Territorial settlements must be for the benefit of people concerned, and not merely adjustments of rival} states’ claims. 4, Well defined national spirations must be accorded. all possible satis- faction, “A general peace upon such founda- tions can be discussed,” the president sald. “Until such a peace can be secured, we have no choice but to go on.” These general principles, the presi- dent said, have been accepted by ev- eryone except the military autocrats in Germany. Following the custom inaugurated with other addresses of its kind, Pres- ident Wilson's words today will be cabled by the government to all the principal capitals of the world. In this way the government hopes to get | his answer to Hertling and Czernin to the ears of the people of Germany, Austria and Russia. President Wilson warned the peo- ple of the central powers that the par- Hetpation of the United States in the war for the emancipation of human- ity only has begun. Plainly, the ‘president warned the German military autocracy that there was to be no pausing in the mobiliz- ation of America’s vast military re- sources now steadily on their way to the battle fronts, and that if peace were to be discussed it would have to be on a basis of sincerity. Otherwise, the president made it plain, there was to be no turning back until military autocracy was crushed by force of arms, In conclusion the president warned the central empires that the vast re- sources of the United States would accomplish in the end what might be accomplished by peaceful negotiation. “The power of the United States is © menace to no people and no nation,” the Présidént said, ‘It will never be used in aggression, or for the aggran- \ the event must unfailingly dampen the ; American forces in France 'Glad That Rescued Soldiers Will} Not Be Ready for Ser- | vice at Once ! papers are gloating over “the psycho le logical effect” which they expect the! sinking of ‘the Tuscania must produce | in America. ‘The Koelnigche Volks. Zeitung says | spirits of Americans and proceeds: “Sundry American vessels, some with munitions and perhaps a smalt) number of soldiers, have been sunk | before, but so far as we know this is the first case of a big transport with a .consideradle number of troops aboard falling victim to our U-boats. Maybe large sized transports have never or rarely so far crossed, for the are not very large. “As such vessels must be convoved with great care, our U-boat’s achieve nient is all the more remarkable and gratifying.” The Berlin Mittag Am Zeitung makes a similar comment and rejoices that so much war material was lost. and that the rescued soldiers will no’ be immediately available for service. SABOTAGE MEASURE COMBATTED BY N. P. LEAGUE IN MONTANA Faction Secures Defeat of Measure More Clearly Defining Sedition Feb. 11.—There was a clash of forces at the meeting of the Montana union of the American | Society of Equity today, and the Non- partisan league faction quit a winner when it had defeated the resolution fa- voring the enactment by the special session o fthe legislature of a law de- fining sabotage and criminal syndical- ism and also to fix more drastic pen- alties against seditious uterances. The league faction was led by A. D. ‘Stillman and opposed the seditious language proposition on the ground of free speech. Great Falls, Mont., BAKER MAKES PLEA FOR MEN AT FRONT}, The following plea from Secre- tary Baker for cooperation with the men at the front’in an early and successful conclusion of the war was ‘sent out to state direc- tors of the public service reserve this morning through F. 0. Hel- strom, secretary of the North Da- kota defense council: “The number. of men that we can place and maintain in France will depend upon the number of ships available for their transport and their supplies. For that rea- son | want to ask the friends and families of the men in our. na- tional army to lend their support in every way to the shipping board to the end that necessary, efficient labor may be enrolled in the United States shipyards vol- unteers; They are donig a work of vital importance to the defense of the nation, and the men who enroll in the shipyards are under- taking a jotic service as great as any that can be performed be- {continued On Page Four) — U hind the firing line.” Every man of Bismarek is invited and urged to be present. fO. N. HUN REJOICES OVER SINKING ‘MUST DAMPEN OUR SPIRITS’ 4 | avoard still unaccounted for. ‘BIG DINNER RALLY AT GRAND PACIFIC MONDAY Every business and professional man in Bismarek who has the welfare and development of the city at heart is urged to be present at the’dinner and get-together meeting of the Commercial elub at 6:30 p. my- d. P. Hardy of Fargo, who is to speak, is cne of the live wires in Commercial club circles of the nor Annual veparts of the 1917 work of the elub will be presented. thwest. e done with your money. We want nt and expeet us to do in 1918, This is your club. Show your interest in it by coming out Monday | CAME TO BISMARCK IN 1867 1e, P. GODDARD, President. KENISTON, Secretary, 2 $ ‘1300 NAMES OF MISSING PUBLISHED + Washington, Feb. 11.—General Pershing today reported Thomas ‘Lindley, private, infantry, Minot, N. D,, as slightly wounded in ac- tion Feb. 8 This is the sscond Minct, N. D. soldier reported wounded in ac- tion, Raymond J, Gillett, 18, a for- mer member of Company D of Mi- not, was injured in a German attack about Fed. 1. Washington, ‘Feb. 11.—From a list | f 1,832 American soldiers saved from the torpedoed Tuscania, thus far re- ported to the war department, the As- sociated Press today is able to give the names of more than 300 troops port has reached the department to | change’ the estimate that only 113: Amsterdam, Feb. 11.—German news-! American soldiers were lost, and ofi-| vice president. cials, although expecting additional /in banks at McKenzie, Washburn and Share of the names to come in slowly, could give ;No assurances as to when the list would be complete. The names received by the war de- partment checked against the sailing list of the troops shows men ac counted -for bit names of 25 surv ors made..public last night do not ap-! pear on.the sailing list. It is assumed some soldiers may have gone aboard, the Tuscania at the last moment with- out being recorded on the sailing list. The list compiled by the Associated Press represents an aggregate of 142 hours’ work The relatively small loss of life of American soldiers aboard the Tus. cania is attriouted to the fine dis- cipline of the men and the efficiency iy of the officers, in the Weekly Review; of the war today by Secretary of War| Baker. The review points out that recent’ deconnoitering, thrusts mans, notably in Flanders and around Cambrai, may suggest development of) important offices in the local lodge.| Fyel Administrator Makes Su; Sermany’s long deferred offensive in| he west, Thus far the department's statement says, the actions have been local in character. American troops occupying a sector on. the Lorraine front are described as having proved , ‘heniselves well fitted for tasks. Among those missing are: Minnesota. First Lieut, Wm. Binnie, Fridley. Headquarters Attachment, 6th Bat.) 20th Eng. National Army—Edw. R. Lurley, Bemidji, Minn. ‘Co. D, 6th Batl, 20th Eng.—Privates . Fred K, Allen, Ada; Robt. J. Mood Cambridge; Andrew G. ‘Andersbn, N son, Minn.; Wm. A. Constans, Blue; ‘Earth; Dale M. Fish, Wheaton; Frank | erd but he succumbed to the western Drahota, Jackson; Gunder G. ‘Austad, Oklee; John Eichhammer, Co. E, 6th Patl. 20th Eng. Sergeant Gilbert H. Giggin, North Minneapolis. Privates—John CC. Johnson, Big Falls; Albert I. Nauman, Minne:polis. 258th Aero Sad. Privates—-Joseph A. Allen, Shakopee, Minn. James J. Buck- ley, Minneapolis. Montana, Privates—Glarence Cascade; James W. Springs. Co. D, 6th Batl, 20th Eng. Elmer L. Cowan, Victor; Marcus B. Cook, Como. Co. E, 6th Batl, 20th Eng.—Jack J Byrne, Butte; Leonard H. Deatham, ‘McCabe; John ‘Edwards, Butte; Chauncey J, Davidson, Anaconda. South Dakota. Co. D. 6th Batt! 20th Eng—Fred M. Unger, Parkston Ww. Sallee, ROOSEVELT’S RECOVERY ONLY MATTER OF TIME New York, Feb. 11.—Col. Theodore Roosevelt's condition continued to im- prove} it was stated at Roosevelt hos- pital early today. He passed a com: | Donnolly. fortable night, and his physicians be-, lieve that his recovery is be mets, a matter of time. HAY FOR R INDIANS TO BE MADE CERTAIN OF . D., Feb. 11.—A rul- ing-of much interes! kota stockman just promulgated by Supt. Kitch-is that no Indian land will be !eased for hay stumpage this season until the stand is far enough developed to give assurance that there will be an abundance of hay for the Indians’ stock. Applications are ‘being filed in ‘the order received, to! await developments, No/| Few Citizens So Intimately Con- No re-j ‘by the Ger-: their of the state to be thus honored. East Grand Charged from the C: Forks; Wm. L, Tragesser, Cottonwood. | Hot , June 23, 1841 to western Da-; JOSEPH HARE PIONEER CITIZEN i Had Been Failing at Local Hos-/ pital for Last Few Months | i | | | 1 DIED SUNDAY. AMERICANS IN THICK OF FIGHT United States Soldiers Desperately in Hand to Hand Conflicts |WOUND ARTILLERY MEN Light Cazualiies nected With Civic and Busi- ness Activities Tn the death of Joseph Hare Bis- imarck has lost one of its prominent | jand influential citizens. Mr. Hare | jpassed away Sunday morning at 4:15! in the St. Alexius hospital where he! {had been for several wecks. | health and for the last month had been ; failing rales, | Joseph Hare came to Bismarck in| (the early territorial days in 1867! ithe Civil war. He had resided here; jfrom that time, giving iis time andj | money to the development of the state | |and city of which he was so fond. In} the very early days, Mr. Hare was! prominent in politics and all civic | work of the city. He was a Republic- Jan and ever loyal to his party. He} jserved two terms in the legislature | jas representative! from — Burleigh county from 1901 to 1905. For a num-! ber of years he served the city as| | justice of the peace. | At the time of death. he was one of the directors ot the» First National | jbank. He was organizer of the Brad- ;dock bank and for many years aj He also was interested | |Hazelton, severiag his connection} j with them when his health failed. He | ;was also instrumental in getting th | Soo lwhe to lay tracks into Bismarck ‘opening up a vast-terriiory to the cap- | ital city. | “first Charter’ Momber. Mr. Hare held the distinction of be- ing’the first charter: mémher and or-' ganizer of Bismarck loage No. 5, then | No. 1. He served as one of its first) jofficers and through his efforts kept! j the Masonic lodge alive in the early! days when it was threatened with fai jure. The Bismarck lodge was ate and | ‘one ,to be organized in the state and| it wag principally through his efforts tliat Masonry was introduced here. He| s held some of the highest offices | of/that organization both of the state! jand local lodge. He was for some! time Past Master of Bismarck lodge! No. 5, and was past grand high priest | ot North Dakota, past eminent grand ; commander of the North Dakota Com: | mandry and held a number of the most; |The Bismarck lodge was organized in| the eiehties ond Mr. Hare had been} connected with masonry for over 40 | jyears. Only tast year he was made a life member of the A. F. and A. M. lodge, being among the very few men Mr. Hare was also one of the old-young men to help establish the Royal Arch | Mason chapter No. 10 of this place. Joseph Hare served his country during the entire period of the Civil war. He volunteered in 186) at the beginning of the great conflict and | was mustered out in 1865. He was a} member of the Sixth Minnesota regi- ment when he was 20 years old. Shor ly after the war he located in Brain- fever and two years after he was dis- ivil war he made his way to North Dakota. Funeral services will be conducted , Tuesday afternoon at 3 o’clock in the Moeonnic tamnle and will he in cre of the ‘Masons, assisted by Dr. W. J.! sateneson, Chaplain. The body will is! in state from 10 a, m. Tuesday until: the time for the funeral. Interment | | Will be made in McColiin, | Born Sil. | He was born in Fairview, Ohio, | , and lived there until! ‘he was 16 years old. With his par-| ents he came to Minnesota in 1857./ January 30, 1883, he was married to! Miss Margaret Reynolds of Cresco, | In., who died in 1914. To this union) seven children born, five of} whom are living. They are Joseph Hare, jr., of Butte, Mont.; John R. of | Dickinson, Paul D., Robert 1, and) Grace M. Taree brothers and | two .sisters also surviy:. They are Robert N., Heber and Charles C. | Hare of St. Paul, Mrs. Rose Hogland | of Astoria, Ore., and Miss Hattie Hare | of St. Paul. After locating in Bismarck Mr. Hare engaged in the machinery and imple- ment business with the late Frank Later he bought the Van Houghton mardware business’ which was later known as the Hare and| Holt Hardware -store. He conduct- ed this business under the name of Joseph Hare after Mr. Holt severed jhis connection and some years later | took J.P. French into partnership. After several years he shold _ his share of the business to G. A. Welch and the firm is. now known as |French and Welch. FORMER SULTAN OF TURKEY IS DEAD | { Amsterdam. Feb. 11.—rhe death yesterday of Abdul Hamid, former sul- tan of Turkey,-from inflammation of the lungs, is announced in a dispatch received her today from. Constantino- ple by way of Vienna. A state fun- eral will be held, Our Forces Have As.umed Full Share EY ASSOCIA‘ TED PRESS. In France, where the ‘American | | forces of artillery action is increasing daily. | For the | On both sides of the Meuse and in the | jlast two years he had been in poor! Vosges, the Fresch and Germans are | engaged in an artillery duel, while} frequent enemy raids on French posi- tions are reported, the most recent lof the Boureuilles having failed. De- {shortly after he was mustered out of | tails of the encounter on Friday nig! sht | him, has “punch.” That’s why he has with the superior German force in} the region of St. Mihiel show that ev- ery. American fought desperately to } overcome the larger force of the en- emy. Suddenly coming on the Ger- mans in No Man's and, the little partv of 14 Americ quickly changed formation and in the minute and a half that follow before the enemy (retrested the rifles jgreaades and } were the combatants. On Saturday tan American artilleryman was killed y shell fire, and five others wounded, | These cansalties, though light, indi- | cate that the American forces in the trenches . have wmed their full burden in the sector un- der their control. BRITISH CASU TIES, London, Feb. 1i ish casualties reported in the last week, were 7,77, divided as follows: Killed or died of wounds: 73; men 1,360. Wounded or missing: officers 155; men 5,489. officers This total is only slightly in ev- s of last week's figures, which amounting to 6.354, reached the low }mark for several months. ‘BAKER REQUESTS CERTAIN STORES TO CLOSE EARLY ig gestion for Saving of Fuel and Light * Capt. I. P. Baker, fuel administrator for North Dakota, in a statement here yesterday, calls on merchants of the | state to close their places of business | at 6 o'clock, and he calis oa proprie- tors of dance halls, pool rooms and motion picture theatres to close not later than 11 o'clock, until March 1, this year, as a means of conserving fuel. Captain Baker says his investigation | had disclosed the fact that ia many small towns, electric light plants are | operated until far into the morning | hours as a means of accommodating a few places that remain open, His letter, addressed “‘'o the pub-| ” follows: ‘o the Public: “It has been called to the atten- tion of the federal fuel administra- tor for North Dakota that in some | localities, practically all of the pla- ces of amusement such as dance halls, | pool rooms, motion picture theaters, etc, are open for entertainment ‘rom eight or nine o'clock in the even-) ling until three or four o'clock in) the morning; that clecti light plants in many of the smaller towns; are giving all-night service for the benefit of a few consumers whose i service 0 out serious inconvenience; and that} stores are kept open un.il nine or ten} o'clock ch evening; farmers and | townspeople being in the habit of do-| ing their trading after their evening meal. Conditions in North Dakota are such that the severe restrictions which obtain throughout the territory of the United States east of the Miss. issippi river are not required. Never- theless, it is hardly indicative of fair- ness in attitude on the part of our setter-cared-for people that their time li and money be spent in self-indulgence while others nearby suffer for want of fuel and other necessaries. “I therefore take this opportunity to request that stores, except drug: stores, bakery _ and confectionery shops, restaurants, and news-stands, close at six o’clock p. m. each day, ex- cept Saturday; that electric light plants and other public utilities dis- continue all-night service to the fullest extent compatible with regard for public necessity, and that dance halls, pool rooms and motion picture thea- ters close not later than 11 o'clock Pp. m. each day, until March Ist, next, throughout North Dakota. “ISAAC P. BAKER, ‘Federal Fuel Administrator for North Dakota.” ABOUT MIHTEL Fight Indicate That | ently have engaged the ene | my in minor cacounters, the violence : way to hand; automatics, co close | t ht be discontinue] with-} |NEW CHIEF OF STAFF CARRIES REAL ee GENERAL PC. MARCH » ‘Maj. Gen, Peyton C. March who's 16 be acting chief of staff of the U, jarmy if General Pershing can ters been selected for this post as the head of the army. The present chief of staff, General Bliss is to remain in ently, as America’s m ative at the supreme w: March is a vigorous capable officer who is expected to bring greater unity ,and co-ordination between all depart- ments. He commanded the Astor Bat- in the war with Spain and acted S. military observer with the | Ss s made a major general since the United States | | entered the war. HELSTROM U.S. OFFICIAL NOW May Use New Authority to De- cide Right to Show War Pic- tures On Sunday | | | F. 0. Helstrom, secretary of the! North Dakota defense council, has Seen appointed special representative | of the department of films of the com- mittee on public information of the United States government. Advices to this effect was wired from Was! ington on Saturday evening by Lou! W. Mack, director. Secretary Hel- strom, it is intimated, may take ad- vantage of the power which this ap- | pointment gives him in a conflict now raging as to the propriety of showing | | i | | war pictures on Sun | | Uncle Sam's unday exhibitions of these pictures e been successfully combatted a‘ Fargo, Grand Forks and Jamestown SLAVS DECLARE STATE OF WAR TO BE AT END Am:terdam Despatch Says Army Is Being Despersed on All Fronts’ INCLUDE ALL BELLIGERENTS Ukrainian Republic Completes a Separate Peace With Cen- tral Powers AMSTERDAM. FEB. 11.— RUSSIA HAS DECLARED THE STATE OF WAR TO BE AT AN END AND HAS ORDERED THE DEMOBILI- ZATION OF RUSSIAN FORCES ON ALL FRONTS, ACCORDING. TO A DIS- PATCH RECEIVED HERE TODAY DATED BREST. LITOVSK ON SUNDAY. THE DISPATCH FOL- LOWS: “THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN DELEGA- TION AT TODAY’S (SUN- DAY'S) SITTING STATED THAT WHILE RUSSIA WAS NOT SIGNING A FOR. MAL PEACE TREATY, IT DECLARED THE STATE OF WAR ENDED WITH GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUN. GARY, TURKEY AND BUL- GARIA. SIMULTANEOUS. LY GIVING ORDERS FOR COMPLETE DEMOBILIZA- TION OF RUSSIAN FORCES ON ALL FRONTS. a Amsterdam, Feb. | 11—A~ dispatch from Brest-Litovsk, via Berlin, giving the details of the -conference- at which the peace treaty between the central powers and the new Ukrainian republic was signed has just been re- ceived here. It says in part: “It was possible to announce at the beginnig of the last pause in the nego- tiations that the basis for conclusion of peace between the quadruple alli- ance and the Ukrainian peoples’ re- public, has been found. After the re- turn of the delegation ot Brest-Litovsk negotiations on this basis were con- tinued. Thanks to the spirit of con- ciliation inspiring all parties agree- ment on all points was established so that the final drafting of the treaties and their signature could be carried out. Owing to the technical difficul- ties connected with the five treaty \In spite of similar opposition at Mi-| not, the pictures were shown there) Sunday under local auspices. In some | instances, it is more or less openly | charged, this traced to pro-German sources. sumably, however, it arises with | church people anxious for a ‘rigid en-| forcement of North Dakota blue laws. Secretary I. O. Helstrom delivered a patriotic address at New Rockford on) | Sunday. Railroads to Protest | Tax Payments) Fargo, Feb. 11—The Great North- | ern, the ‘Northern Pacific, and the; | Farmers’ railroads, the latter operat-! ing a line from Devils Lake to Hans-| boro, N. D., today brought suits in} the federal court of North Dakota to} jenjoin all county treasurers of the | | counties in which they operate. from | collecting that part of the 1917 taxes; against tne roads whicn the compau- ‘es claim is excessive. The suits are based upon two Prop: | asitions, first thar tne Lut varuaue- wut upon the roads by the state board of equalization are more than the| cals are actually worth, and second, | that the bulk of the general property | jof the state is not assessed at more | than twenty per cent of its actual alue. The railroads claim that if the | Is were assessed at the percent- ven of retual value 9 twhich other property is assessed, their assessment | would be fitty per cent lower. BANDITS KILL EMPLOYER TO GET PAYROLL CASH | Pre | Chicago, 111, Feb. 9.—Orville H. Travis, president of the Fidelity Portrait Co., was shot to death to- day when he tried to escape from two bandits who entered his office in an attempt to steal money Travis had just brought from a bank for the weekly pay roll. The bandits fled without their intend- ed loot. TAKES NO-HEART FOR HUSBAND IN OLD AGE Fort Yates, N. D., Feb. 11—‘“Names is names” to Mrs. John Bull, who has taken as her spouse Medicine Joe No- Heart. Both of the contracting parties are well advanced in years and have opposition has been! * texts, it was not possible to hold a | formal sitting and affix signatures un- til in the early morning hours of Sat- urday.” Independent Peace. The treaty is entitled: “A treaty of | peace between Germany, Austria-Hun- gery, Bulgaria and Turkey on part, one and the Ukrainian peoples’ re- j Public on the other.” The preamble states that the | Ukrainian people having in the course of the present world war declared it- self to be independent and having ex- pressed the wish to restore peace be- tween itself and the powers at war, sia desires “to take the first step toward a lasting world peace, honor- able to all parties, which shall not only put an end to the horrors of war, but also lead to the restoration of friendly relations of the people in poli- tical, legal, economic ,and intellectual | realm. Steps Out of War. Russia stepped out of the war by the act of the Bolsheviki government | which seized the reins of power in Petrograd last November and almost immediately opened peace negotia- tions with the central powers. The | authority of this government seems almost unquestioned at present in | northern Russia, and the Teutonic | powers have already assured the ces- sation of even nominal hostilities | along virtually all the remainder of the original long line in the east by | signing of peace With the Ukraine and | isolating Rumania. Although cutting little figure in the war for nearly a year past, Russia’s great, indeed, vital part in the conflict comes forcibly to mind as the circum- stances leading up to her exit are re- viewed. However, since last Auguust, Russia has figured in the great world con- flict as a military“factor only by rea- son that she still held members of German and Austrian troops on her frontiers, awaiting the forces of dis- organization to bring out her final dis- integration. This process, struggled against in vain by Kerensky, as pre- mier, through the summer and the early fall of last year, was constantly accelerated by, virtue of the divided authority set up at- Petrograd. The council of soldiers and workmen, rep- resenting the proletariat and claiming virtually supreme power, systematic- ally antagonized the constituted. got ernment, clamoring for. th : a host of, friends in, the Tonerration country.