The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, January 3, 1918, Page 8

yyseecopereseaerrr errs SN ORS PAGE EIGHT RISMAROK. EVENING TRIRUNE - BISMARCK EVENING TRIBUNE THURSDAY, JAN. 3, 1918, Germany's Purpose to Continue in the Occupancy of Riga and Libau After Peace is Made Checks Negotiations BALTIC PORTS HELD AS HOSTAGE FOR THE PACIFICATION OF REBELIOUS PROVINES Hun Negotiators Refuse to Allow Lithuania, Courland, Livonia, Esthonia and Poland to Vote to Confirm Protocol. Petrograd, Jan. 3.-—The chances of a separate peace between Russia and the Central powers being effected seem remote, because of what are regarded as Germany's unreasonable demands. Leon Trotzky, the Bolsheviki foreign minister, and his associates take the stand that the Baltic provinces are in reality under military pressure while they continue to be oceupied by Germany and that their votes with respect to peace must be ignored, as now these provinces are virtually dependencies, the loyal Russians having fled. The Russian delegation upon its return from Brest-Litovsk Tues- day, laid before the council of commissioners at Petrograd Cer- many’s demands, which caused amazement and the declaration that the council was not favorable to acceptance. An elaboration of the German position in letters and statements whieh followed the gen- eral sattement of terms showed that the Germans hold that Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Livonia and Esthonia have already devined themselves nationally within the meaning of the peace terms pro- posed and insist that they shall not vote again, The Germans also explained, through General Hoffman, that Germany cannot evacuate Riga, Libau and other oceupicd points until certain that ail Russia sanctions peace; otherwise Germany's enemies might assist Ukraine or other disaffected seetons ii opposi- tion to the Central powers. TERMS OF PEACE. | aa aS! = at the be- Especial Stress by Germans on Trade ports of any other Relations. ,; ginning of the war and also vessels (By Associated Press.) ‘taken as p which have not yet Petrograd, Tuesday, Jan. 1.—The been adjudged, are to be returned, or Russian peace delegation returned to if that be impossible, to be paid for. Petrograd today and reported to a Article XVI. Diplomatic and con- joint session of the central executive sular relations are to be resumed as committee of soldiers’ and working- soon as possibl men’s delegates and the Petrograd KAISER WILHELM i council of soldiers’ and workingmen’s deputies, the progress of the negotia- sian delegation, read the German terms which he characterized as show- ing the positive annexation plans of the central powers and he declared they were unacceptable in their pres- ent form. We added that the terms had not been discussed. Fan i hores of Geneva, itzerland, / troops on duty on the Constance Wednes newly launched ( tions with the <Austro-Germans at i Piaeas | SWEPT BY GUN FIRE) M. Kameneff, a member of the Rus- AL day rman | tion of telegrams from Count Luxburg, to Berlin through tue Swedish lega- tion. SUPFS AND ARTIS | LINE UP BIGGEST GUNS FOR BATTLE ‘Last Great Skirmish Preceding Vote on Constitutional Amendment HEAVY ARTILLERY IS THERE Washington, D. C., Jan. 3.—Woman suffragists and anti-suffragists came out in force today before tue house suffrage committee for the last big irmish which will precede the fight in the house Jan. 10, when the wom- an's suffra constitutional amend- ment com up for a vote. The heavy artillery of both sides were represented by nationally known leaders, or by prepared statements filed with Cie committee. DEFINITE AGREEMENT BETWEEN LABOR AND GOVERNMENT heads of the four railway hoods, Director General 'McAdco that some de te agreement on all relations al lavor to the govern gement would 12 made The c ence will con tinue lo: A general re tion arising as the result of publica-! recommendations to 1M ly tomorrow. WILD GOOSE CHASE Neighbors Seok Farmer:Who Wa3 Safe and Warm ' Balfour, XN. D:, Jan. tire community had spent a night ing a howling bl urd in seare. of Kinil Elrich, a well known farme: |residing near this city, and who |Lelieved to have heen lost, mornir dawned to find the object of their quest comfortably ensconed in a far house, where he had found sheltec ifor the night. Elrich had been urabls to reach his family and friends, be- cause there was no telephone in th? vicinity of his haven. JAP FREIGHTER SENDS ‘QUT CRY OF DISTRESS A pacific Port. Jan. 3.—The Japan- ese freighter Shinyo Maru, number 2, which left an American Pacific port December 22 for an Oriental port, was reported last night to have sent out a distress call from somewhere in the Pacific. The message was picked up by an American vessel and relayed to Honolulu and thence to this port. This is the time of year most try- ing on those inclined to be constipat- ed. Many dread winter because of it. Don't worry, just take Hollister's Rocky Mountain Bea, nature’s gift of wondrons herds, so | blended, results are guaranteed. BRESLOW’S. —-Advt. “Our Ho: an authentic, two-part feature will be shown at the Bismarck theater tonight. THREE—D. WILCOX FOR RENT—Furnished room; close in. 223 Fourth street. Phone No. 628L. 1-8-3 an authentic, two part feature will be shown at the Bismarck theater tonight. Kaiser Wilhelm, which enterec territorial wate! The w ; . pierced in many places by 11 If after the resumption of negotia- ang withdrew rapidly. No lives were tions,’ the delegate said, “the Ger- lost. mans insist upon these terms Russia ‘The incident is regarded as marking will conclude peace not with the Ger- switzerland’s determination to pro- man imperialists but with the repre- tact her neutr lity. sentatives of the people, the socialists ae te ae er of Germany.” | .Y " uncovers, CONGRESS ADJOURNS The German terms as submitted to the Brest-Litovsk conference were re- ported in substance as follow | F J Articles I, and II, treating of the ending of a state of war, evacuation W q of occupied territory, and exceptions ) to the latter provision in {he cases of Poland, Lithuania, Courland, etc., ie . are the Brest-Litovsk terms. Both Houses Nieet in Joint Ses- Article III. Treaties and agree- ‘i 9. + ments in force before the war are to sion at 12:30 Friday to Hear become effective if not directly in Wilson conflict with changes resulting from! the war. Each party obligates itself,’ Washington, D. C., Jan. 3.—Congress within three months after the signing reassembled today after the holiday of the peace treaty, to inform the oth- recess, and both houses after sessions er which of the treaties and agree- of a few minutes’ duration adjourned ments will not again become effective. until tomorrow in respect to the mem Article IV. Each of the contracting ories of Senator Newlands and Repre- parties will not discriminate against sentative Bathrick, wo died during the subjects, merchant ships or goods the Christmas holidays. of the other parties. | Eoth houses will meet in joint ses- No Economic War. sion at 12/30 o'clock tomorrow, to Article V. The parties agree that hear President Wilson deliver an ad- with the conclusion of peace economic dress, making recommendations for war shall cease. During the time nec- legislation to carry out government essary for the restoration of relations operation of railroads. there may be limitations upon trade, ee arese but the regulations se to imports are DR. NAON QUITS not to be of a too burdensome exten’ and high taxes or duties upon imports BECA USE OF HIS shall not be levied. For the inter- change of goods an organization shall LUXBERG WIRES be effected by mixed commissions to pyonos Aires, Jan. 3.—It is feporled be formed as soon as possible. without confirmation tha! Dr. R. 5. Guan Fee ee tot Naon, the ambassador at Washington, merc: pages : : fae 1904, which is abrogated, a new treaty has resigned in consequence of fric- will accord new conditions. Favored Nation Clause. Article VII. The parties will grant one another during at least twenty years the rights of the most favored nation in questions of commerce and navigation. Article VIII. Russia agrees that the administration of the mouth of the Danube be entrusted to a European Danube commission with a member- ship from the countries bordering upon the Danube and the Black Sea. Above Braila the administration is to be in the hands of the countries bor- dering the river. 1 Article IX. Military law limiting the private rights of Germans in Rus- sia and of Russians in Germany are abolished. | Waiver of Indemnitics. Article X._ The contracting parties are not to demand payment of war expenditures, nor for damages suf- fered during the war, this provision including requisitions. Article XI. Each party is to pay for damage done within its own limits during the war by acts against inter- national law with regard to the sub- jects of other parties, in particular their diplomatic and consular repre- sentatives as effecting their life, health or property. The amount is to be fixed by mixed commissions with neutral chairmen. Article XII. Prisoners of war who are invalids are to be immediately re- patriated. The exchange of other prisoners is to be made as soon as possible, the times to be fixed by a Germano-Russian commission. : Exiles Sent Home. Article XIII. Civilian subjects in-; terned or exiled are to be immediately released and sent home without cost to them. Article XIV. Russian subjects of German descent, particularly German colonists, may within ten years emi- grate to Germany, with the right to liquidate or transfer their property. | Article XV. Merchantmen of any of the contracting parties which were in © Commirrae ow pears mronmaiod: In the department of the Nord, France. The ruins of a ci/silian hospital caused by a German bomb. marked prominently on the roofs to indicate to enemy airmen the natura of the buil not spared the helpless occupants and thos caring for them. NOTE—You can get the photograph from which this cut was maz mittee on Public Information, Washington, D. ¢, Inclose this clipping, or mentivn photogs: BALLOONIST IS. EYES AND EARS OF THE ARM Watchful Observers Note Every Activity of Enemy, ‘KGEP GENERAL STAFE POSTED Usual Routine of Enemy Is Known and Any Departure From This Schedule Is Cause for Suspicion— Men Selected as Observers Must Have Physical Endurance and Acute Vision. - all these straw scientifically (By a Captain in the Aviation Corps.) Hardly a train moves within five miles back of the German trenches, or a squadron of men come up for relief. or digging begun on a new series of emplacements but a pair of keen eyes, steadily watching from great observa: tion balloons just behind the allied front, takes notice of it. Every move- ment, every activity, is registered un- til 4 schedule of the usual enemy rou- ' tine fs built up and the average amount of motion known. Any departure from this schedule is suspicious. A train running late or with more cars than usual, men in the trenches being re- Heved too frequently, new roads or emplacements being built too earnest: ly, give the first hint that “Fritz,” across the line, is up to something. | A keen balloonist notes any of these changes, and at once telephones down to the ground, “An extra train of six cars passed at ten-forty.” TTalf a mile farther down the line another pair of eyes reports, “Large convoy moving up to front, range so-and-so.” Still a little farther down another sus: picious circumstance fs noted, until the general staff down helow, assembling foresees the beginning of a big offensive across the line. Coun- ter measures are taken, batteries. di- rected, convoys and trenches smashed up, and the enemy’s plans thrown askew, Possibly, however, the offensive is to come from the balloonist’s own side. The observer ascends with full knowl- edge of all the details of action, em: boldened probably to move up much nearer the German lines than usual, in the belief that the enemy's artillery will be driven off. The opening hom- bardment is a time of ceaseless and vital work, spotting shot by shot, watching for new enemy batteries to open up, moving the barrage fire back end forth with the advance of the troops. Any error here may send the sieel wall into the observer's own troops or cost scores of lives later by a complete demolition s defense, Gets Parachute Ready. “Hostile airplane overhead,” ts ept to break in through the telephone wire at.any moment. A German aviator, more adventurous than his fello i swooping down, perhaps*under a pro- tecting the cloud, in an attempt to put out the ever-watchful eyes. The ob- server makes ready his parachute, the machine guns on the ground below click off a rain of lead at the Invader, and the windlass men start bringing the big envelope to ground with all pes- sible speed. Perhaps the invader ts driven off; perhaps the balloon ts stricken into flames and the balloonist foreed to parachute to the ground. In either case it is all a part of the day's work which adds adventure and ro- mance to the responsible work done by the balloonist. Such 1s, briefly—very briefly—the duty and work of the balloon observer. Calm, patient, ever watchful, he rides far above the ground as the grent en-! velope sways on its long cable. Hours pass, perhaps, but finally, as inevitably as fate, the reward comes. A single flash, a slight movement across the line, and another tiny claw of the Ger- man engie reveals itself for the allied artillerymen beneath. The vital importance and develop- ment of this work has hardly as yet been suspected in this country. “Over a ' AND NOW IT'S “STRATE THE WAR PRISONER” there” balloon observation become fa sclence which, while perhaps less spectacular than airplane observation, is none the less essential. The bal- loonist, riding steadily for hours at a time with the German lines spread out before him, and in direct telephone communication with the ground, “with his batteries, and with other balloons, fimasses a maze of details and accu-| rate knowledge which his more vicarl- ous and longer-winged ajr brother can- not hope to secure, Used in Napoleonic Wars, The first use of balloons in warfare dates way back to the Napoleonie wars, when France employed them against Austria, So revolutionary was the procedure, however, that all cap- tured observers were treated as spies by the enraged Austrians. During the Civil war in this country Northern ob- servers looked out across the Potomac from near Washington at the Confed- erates, and gained very valuable in- formation, though under very precart- ous circumstances, France further de- veloped the art in the war of 1870 against Germany, who later took it up on a much more ambitious scale fn her Zeppelins. The science fell upon slack times,/ however, as did that of nirp'unes, and the war department’s reports of a few years baci are full of brief statements that no werk wai done in ballooning for lack of funds. The bal'oon services abroad, how + had been carefully, if modestly developed for military purposes, ar the moment that the war settled int the trenches came into their own agais It was at once discovered that wor could be done wita them which cou) be done in no other way. Balloon ob servation began to assume vital impor tance until now hardly a mile of the front lines is without its big, clumsy envelope. A constant, ceascless vigil ‘ {3 maintained over every move of the enemy, over every shell fired by elther side, so that friends below may be saved from surprise and enemies across the lines may feel the weight of every shell hurled at them. The United States is, building up such a force literally from nothing. Last November the old field out West Was overgrown with weeds, the gas reservoir out of repair, the whole place stagnant. In the last few months, how- ever, the ficld has been cleared and brought back to activity, the air once again is filled with big, friendly bal- All hospitals are dings. Regardless of this the Germans have 3 by sending TEN CENTS to tho Division of Picturas, Com- aph “E, Q. 122,” Toons, find kéen-Taced hen Are being trained for immediate service abroad. Alrendy the first American detach- ments are in France, as shown in the accompanying pictures, the vanguard of a large American balloon force | which ultimately will be as complete ag any other branch of the army. Work Is Invaluable. The work that this force will do will be invaluable. With the airplane spot- ters and photographers, it will complete the vast afr service which it Is expect- ed will blind the German army and prepare the way for the artillery and infantry to break up the German mil- itary resistance. is minute-by-minute observations will head off all enemy surprises and will at the same time make it possil,Je for American men and munitions to secure the maximum of destruction on the other side of No Man's Land. Few of us here realize that the big envelopes commonly ascend as high as 4,500 feet and that they stay for hours poised in midair to perform the re- sponsible duties assigned them. Usu- ally the ascent is made anywhere from 2% to 4%4 miles from the enemy's front-line trenches, depending on the power of his artillery, the direction of the wind, and the activity of the sa- lent. In any case the observer has a circle of vision of about elght miles, and is able to pierce far back into the enemy’s lines. The most detailed and up-to-the-minute maps, the finest kind of field glasses, and instant communi- sation with the ground make the bal- oonist 2 master of everything spread wut before his gaze. When the American troops are pre paring to go “over the top” an unusu- lly large number of balloons will be concentrated as secretly as possible in masked camps in order not to betray what is about to take place. At the appointed moment they will take the air and divide up every detail of the battle ‘amongst them. Some will re- zord the heavy-artillery fire, shot by shot; others will see to It that the work of demolition behind the enemy’s Mnes is effective; others will guard against any re-enforcements or traps. Must Know Enemy Country. As the troops go over they will check closely the German batteries, the shift- ing of their infantry, and the assem- bling of supplies. As the American forces advance the balloons will move forward also in unison with them along routes previously prepared. Observa- tions for the barrage will be sent down repeatedly, so that it may move back and forth with the men and details sent so that the enemy’s guns setting up the destructive counter barrage may be silenced. f To do this the American balloonist must know every detail of the enemy's land opposite him, for a mistake on his part may cost the lives of scores of men below. No new battery should open up across the lines without its location being spotted on the detail map, the number and size of the pieces and their objective noted, and counter fire preparations made against it. Na new troops should move into the en- emy trenches without being -fully known, numbers as well as routes— difficult work all of it—for the German has many wily devices for simulating gunfire and camouflaging movements. | And the work also will not be with out danger and difficulties, though the chances_of # fatal outcome are not * earthquake large. If it is not a swooping airman Lent on setting the big gas bag on fire, it may be a rain of shrapnel seek. ing the same object or of percussion shells endeavoring to blow up the wind. lass below and set the big bag adrift in a wind blowing across the German lines. Naturally, every precaution in the way of protecting airmen and antt- aircraft guns are on hand, but even at that constant vigilance is essential, Weather Makes Trouble. Weather conditions also bring diff. culties, though not so great as might be expected from a distance. Flying in thunderstorms fs, of course, danger ous because of the lightning. Rain- storms appreciably add to the weight of the balloon and thereby decrease its ascending power, while heavy winds put a strain on the cable and consider- able wear and tear on the envelope. Clouds are bothersome as a mask for lurking airmen, and fogs, if regular through the atmosphere, render obser- vation very difficult. Nevertheless, so essential fs the news gathered by bal- loonists that they are sent up in all sorts and kinds of weather. One of the most difficult and yet es- ential parts of the work is that of concealing the balloon “beds,” espe- cially from enemy airmen who like to hunt out the big envelopes when they are lying still on the ground. “Beds” in the len of a hill which obstructs artillery fire or in the deceptive shad- ows of 1 nearby wood offer a prelimi- nary disguise, but beyond that “camou- fieurs” are needed to exercise their highest skill. Plans for all this work are now pro- gressing at a gratifying rate. The American balloon program has been aided by the best and latest develop- ments abroad, while manufacture pre- sents but a few difficulties, owing to the resources of the big American rub- ber companies. The great need, as with all the alr program, is for men of the type and ability needed, men for officers’ commissions as observers and men for the enlisted squadrons to do the delicate mechanical work neces- sary. The balloon section of the Sig- nal corps at Washington has already handled hundreds of letter applica- tions and is ready to furnish the fullest details so that by next spring in France may be increased to a size commen- surate with the pressing needs of the American army there. Requirements for Service. Men who are being selected as ob- servers, and who will all be commis- stoned as officers, should have physical endurance, acute vision, an apprecia- tion of distances and localities, and, above all a sense of responsibility and thoroughness in keeping with the im- portance of the work assigned to them. They may be somewhat older than avi- ators—preferably from twenty-five to thirty-flve—and of somewhat less se- vere physical requirements, A special training 1s given in winds military ob- servation meteorology and ballooning before a cadet is given his officer’s commission and his post above the trenches in France in order that the high standards prevailing throughout the air service generally may be up- held. For the enlisted men who will form the squadrons, gas-works employees, rope riggers, cordage workers and mechanicians are especially fitter. The number of men trained through their civilian occupations to do this delicate «and highly specialized work is Hmited, indeed, and the difficulty of establish- ing contact with them {fs great. Nev- ertheless, the forces are being brought together with gratifying rapidity and give every promise of becoming an efll- clent part of the air establishment which is to help the allies blind the German forces in France. THOUSANDS KILLED IN GUATEMALA CITY Sen Salvador, Salvador, Jan. %—- Newspapers of this city declare that no fewer than 2,500 people lost their lives in the Guatemala earthquake. Early reports on the Guatemala which began Christmas day, declared the loss of life . was heavy, some estimates reaching 1,009. A Guatemala city dispatch of Dec. 31, however, said that only a few persons had been killed. Many persons are going overland *rom Salvador to Guatemala to inves'i- zate the fate of friends. Telegraphic communication between , jan Salvador and Guatemala is again nterrupted. M’ADOO COMES TO THE AID OF RAGTIME COONS agion, Jan. $.—Drreentor Gen wal McAdoo went to the aid of . minstrel show stalled in its priva‘s ‘ar. at Wheeling, W. V., under the d>- unct railroads war board’s formor rder for bidding railroads to hal ‘rivate passenger cars in intersta’ > ommerce. After hearing the plea of he head of the show that his car he'l 1 people. more than the ordinary pu!!- nan, and was not a luxurious coar) uch as the war board's order was i1- ende1 to hit, the director-general or. lered the car attached to a train vhich put it into East Liverpool, Ohio,’ ‘n time to fill an engagement. THE * The Northwest Hotel A High-Clas Les at aceeuieas Single room with bath, $1.00 50c. to $1.00 eee Hot and cold water ia evory room, The McKenzie The Seventh Story vat North Dakota. ff f._ European, $1.00 to $6.00, Seas tases ‘on seventh floor. Dairy lench open bata agend she The NORTHWEST, 100 Rooms _ The McKENZIE, 210 Reoms The SOO, 125 Roome THE HOTEL CENTER IN BISMARCK, N. D, EDW.c. PATTERSON, Owner and Prop,