The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, June 25, 1917, Page 2

i “sonnel and materials. MONDAY, JUNE 25, 1917. “STRIKE GERMANY THROUGH THE AIR,” | SLOGAN OF AIRCRAFT ORGANIZATIONS Recent Conference in Washington: Shows the Great Importance of | the Participation of the United States in This Regard—Has _ Better Facilities Than the Allies Had at the Be- j pais ginnirig ofthe War. pe y ‘Washington —"We Must Strike Ger- { many Through the Air® is the new slo- | will he required large appropriations, | in large numbers. To do that there ‘AD GIVEN NATION ~ BY NAVAL MILITIA [Object for Which Service Was Organized Has Been Ac- complished, (WEN FAIRLY. WELL TRAINED gan which has resulted from the meet- | but no trouble is unticipated in that | Result of Policy Carried Out Is That| ing in Washington of members of the aircraft ‘production board of the Unit- ed States and the board of governors of the Aero Club of America, after study of the present war situation aud of the ways and means for carrying on an effective campaign of education, Alan R, Hawley, president of the ‘Aero Club of America, issued the fol- lowing statement: “Germany's U-boat warfare and the necessity of keeping the German fleet bottled up are occupying the navies of the allies, and no decisive victory over the Germans is expected in naval ac- tlons.in.the near future, Likewise ad- vances against the Germans on land are slow, and Germany has seemed able so far to always throw new thou- sands of men and new lines of trenches and countless guns to meet the advances of the allies, The only victories on the part of the allles so far have been as a result of supremacy of the air, as a result of the, matching of skilful, daring allied aviators against German aviators and observa- tion balloons, Masters in the Air. “It was not untilthe Germans were deprived of their aerial eyes and the allies’ aviators, being masters of the alr, could follow the movements of the enemy and locate their batteries and their strongholds, that the allied vic- tories became possible. ue “While the ‘United States is begin- ning Yo help substantially now, effec- tive help of the kind that leads to per- manent victory can only come at the end of months of preparation, and in considering in which way we can best prepare to help to achieve permanent victories it is found that the aerfal branch of the service affords the great- est possiblities. “British, French, Russian, Italian and American authorities who have studied the matter closely have come to the conclusion that the addition of 10,000 ayiators today to the allies’ present aerial forces would insure blinding the German batteries and pre- venting German aviators from conduct- Sng operations over or near the allies’ lines. An additional 10,000 aviators. would make it possible to conduct aerial raids on a large scale and to strike Germany in the most. vital places, to strike hard enough. to lead to permanent victories.” The authorities’ who. met in: Wash- ington readily agreed that every effort should be concentrated in striking Ger- many through the air. Several in- stances during the meeting emphasized that although different persons pres- ent had ebtained their information from separate sources, thelr informa- tlon was practically alike. Board of Governors Meets. The meeting of the board of gov- ernors of the Aero Club of America | was held in Washington and Howard E. Coffin, the chairman of the aircraft production board, who is also a mem- ber of the board of governors of the club, presided. The members of the board present were: Mr. Hawley, James. A. Blair, Jr.; W. Redmond Cross, Charles Edwards, Max H. | Fleischmann, John Hays Hammond, Jr.; Capt. James BE, Miller, Raymond B. Price, Henry A. Wise Wood and Henry Woodhouse. Having reached the conclusion that efforts must be concentrated to get and train thousands of aviators and arrange to manufacture tens of thou- sands of modern airplanes of differ- ent types for training, bomb-dropping, artillery spotting, fighting machines and submarine destroyers, the board next turned to consider the ways and means of getting the aviators and ma- chines, To do this the aviation training fa- cilities and the sources of supplies for aircraft must be greatly extended. It ‘was shown that at the beginning of the war Great Britain did not have one- third of the aeronautic manufacturing facilities we have in the United States today and there was read a statement from the British controller of aero- nautie supplies reporting that there e 958 firms engaged on work for the Brtish directorate of aeronautic sup- plies, 301 of which are direct contrac- tors and 657 are sub-contractors. This Teport states that the total number of hands employed by the 50 firms of greater prominence is 66,700. There was also brought out the fact that the British budget for aeronautics for the present year totals $575,000,- 000. This is made public as a result of its publication in connection «vith a discussion which took place in the house of commons recently, England | and France had to come up from a Production of a few airplanes a month to the present production of about 4,- 000 airplanes a month and have had to do that with limited resources in per- ! The United States today has a better start than either France or Eng'and had at the beginning of the war and it has tre- mendous resources in workmen and materials, It is all a question of adopting an extensive enough campaign to insure ‘large production and of placing orders direction. ‘The government’s committee on pub- | lic information has issued the follow: | ing statement regarding part of the; detalls of the steps already taken to! train aviators in Jarge numbers; cers visited the training camp of the one of the four camps established in Canada, und the aviation school at ‘Toronto, where cadets are trained un- der military discipline for the service. | In these schools there has been incor- porated the latest European experience in the development of this new art of the air. “Our officers were deeply impressed with their observations, and as a re- sult we called together here the heads , of six prominent engineering schools, which also have military training, and made arrangements to establish a sim- ilur system in the United States, The six itutions are the Universities of California, Texas, Ilinois and Ohio, Massachusetts Institute of ‘Technol- ogy and Cornell university. Three technical instructors from each of these places were. sent to ‘I'oronto. They returned after a comprehensive | study of the course given there, pre- pared to teach it themselves, - These six engineering schools have opened similar cadet aviation schools at thetr respective institutions, Courses in Aviation. “These cadet schools might be de- seribed as laboratory courses in avia- tion. The students are given thorough instruction in the theory of flying, in- cluding the necessary physics and mathematics and the mechanics of air- plane construction, The = training schools are thoroughly equipped with samples of airplane. parts and instru- ments for demonstration, as well as text-books. Technical matters relating | to map-making, photography, bomb- | dropping, sun-sighting and all similar subjects which a military aviator must know are also taught. All during this | time the cadet is under military train- ing, following the methods which Great | Britain and Canada have found so suc- | cessful. At the end of two months of | this preliminary work the cadet is giv- | en a final test to determine whether | he shall go on to the aviation camp. | “General Squier’s office has. been handling these sehools, All applica- tions from persons who wish to become military aviators have been . turned over to this department, over which Prof. Hiram Bingham of Yale has been given general direction by General Squier, and there have been far more applicants than could be admitted. The schools began on May 10 and 25 cadets a week are entering each of | the six colleges, which means that as soon as the first entering class com- pletes its preliminary work approxi- mately 150 students a week will be available for the regular training camp | with a good ground work on which to | start their practical training. Six Hundred Cadets in Six Colleges. “There will be 600 cadets in the» six colleges by July. In the meantime arrangements are going ahead for the nine aviation fields to re- ceive their men when they are ready. The aircraft production board is work- | ing constantly with the military de-| partments in preparing for the con- ‘struction of these fields. The standard ; field on which we, are basing our pro- | gram will provide for accommodating | two squadrons of 150 students each with the necessary officer instructors and enlisted men, together with a cer- | tain number of additional enlisted men | who will be training at the same time. | “The hangars will take care of 72 airplanes, The preparation of these fields will cost approximately a million dollars each, including the construc- tion of the necessary buildings, dorm- itorles, work shops and hangars, A standard set of buildings has already been worked out, the fields will be ap- proximately a mile square, and great; care is being taken by the military of- ficers as regards their location. “We are estimating about four months as the period for getting these students ready for army service. “The aircraft production board is working hard to assist the military de- partments in their arrangements to have all these related activities co- ordinated and at the same time to get the necessary training machines ready in time for their use. “Both the manufacturing problem | and the training problem will be much | simplified the second year if we can} establish the proper co-ordination of effort this year. The manufacturing capacity can easily be doubled the sec, ond year. In getting the co-operation! of the manufacturers in placing their} facilities at the disposal of the gov-} ernment we have found the organiza- tion of the Aircraft Manufacturers’ as-| sociation, effected last February, of great assistance. “A prominent British general has asserted that America’s greatest con- tribution to the war will be aircraft and aviators, We believe that once started upon quantity production American mechanical genius will over. \for continuous deliveries of airplanes \and training of aviators and mechanics come any présent obstacles to the prog, gress of the art.” - - 1" 7 Not Fast Colors, “= Candy has gone up,” said father as ‘the handed Donald a smaller sack than wsual. “Yes,” said the kiddie, “and (Fil bet they don’t guarantee the, dye, | aN RCGNEGES Tale LO Right Thinking. If you start to thinking along right lines you will get the information you need, because you will seek the sources from which it may be ob- “Last month a group of army offi- | Royal Flying corps at Borden, Ont. | | ment of }do my part. | - Uncle Sam Has Large: Force Cap» able of Schooling New Sea Fighters. { | The object for which the naval} militia was organized hus been accom- | plished, according to government offi- | | clals who are in close touch with this | j branch of the navy department. The! | object of the formation and the main- | taining of a naval militia is that a de- ; pendable force may be available for | ithe use of the federal government in| case of actual or threatened war. Now | that the government has reached that; stuge of “actual war” the navy depart: | ment has on hand several thousands of fairly well trained men who have been | called out and will help a great deal | in the training of new men that must, ; be added to the naval force to bring it | up to war strength. | By the naval militia act, the naval ; militia, qualified according to the sict, | and any existing naval reserve now or! hereafter organized, shall be called into | the service of the United States in ad- | vance of any volunteer force’ which It { may be determined to raise. Such was the intent of the congressional act, and such has heen the action taken by the navy department. It has been the aim of the department in times of peace so to train the naval militia that the officers and enlisted men might be able to render the most ef-, ficient ‘service in time of war. Or- ders have been so worked out that the militia might know what its assign-'j ment would be in time of war, and this | incentive has, it is believed by offi- | cials in charge of this work, made the, naval militia realize that it is a part o fthe national defense. | Specialization Not Encouraged. Specialization of the naval militia was not recommended by. officers who had charge of this work, it being be- lieved that the best results could be | obtained if every officer and enlisted | man were trained in time of peace to become efticient for general naval serv- ice. It, was the opinion of those offi- cers who worked out the curriculum for the militia that the officers and en} listed, men of the regular navy were | better fitted than the naval militia for special work, such as on torpedo boats, mine-sweeping vessels, - mine-laying vessels, submarines, ete,, ‘in spite of the fact that it might be necessary in time of. war to augment the crews of such vessels by a limited number of naval militia officers and enlisted men, It is interesting to note, in connec- tion with the present conditions, that, interested for some time in bringing the naval militia up to the best pos- sible footing, it is only within the past few years that it has been the en- deavor of the division in charge of this | branch of the:service to increase to! the greatest possible extent the effi- ciency of the naval militia, so that it} might reach that point where it could he mobilized with the shortest possible notice'and be available for the federal service, Employers Gave Aid. Many manufacturers and business houses throughout the United States are showing their patriotism by mak- | ing allowances for their employees who enlist, but it is interesting to nete in this connection that many large busi- ness corporations, banks, etc., have in the past directed that their employees who were members of the naval militia be allowed leave with full pay to at- tend to their military duties. This} Téive was not to count against their regular annual leave, which was still | given them with full pay. These firms, through this help, doubtless did their “bit” for the country by allowing these men, who have now been called out, to gain the training which they can now | use to good advantage. | BOY IS ANXIOUS TO FIGHT) Fourteen-Year-Old Youth Seeks to Join “Soldiers of Sea” to See Quick Service, Harold Letcher of New York was anxious to fight for Uncle Sam al- though he is only fourteen years old. He applied for enlistment at the New York marine corps recruiting station. Although but fourteen years of age, he weighs 151 pounds, is five feet ten inches tall and has a chest measure- 4 inches, ”’ Harold said, “I want to I'm big enough and I want to join the marines—they’re the, kind of fellows I like. They get to. fight first.” \ He was rejected on account of his estreme youth for military service, “You see, sy Population by Sex. “"», About half the probable population of the world has been enumerated with the relation to sex. About 50.3 per cent male, 49.7 per cent female is the result of this count. Only in Europe, among continents, do the fe males outnumber the males, the pro- portion being: Female, 50.6 per cent; } | male, 49.4 per cent. In most parts of | the world of which we have informa- tion the reverse is true, The percent- age of males in British India is 50.9; in the tributary states, 51.7; in Japan, taine 90.0... In the United, States by the while the navy department has been |" DOINGS OF MisS BROWN LOOKED ALL RIGHT, IN FACT, TOO GOOD - ae eri aE et | FARMS USE jMUCH FIREWOOD | Amount Consumed in Rural Districta THE DUFF. By Allman Year, Says Uncle Sam. According to the United States de partment of agriculture the firewood used on the farins of the United States is worth $225,000,000 a year. In some places like Virginia and Tennessee, the famiers use upon an average 19 cords from first of the year to the last. But in Nebraska, the average is only two cords annually. ‘There is plenty of wood in Pennsylvania, but coal is Cheaper for the farmer. In West Virginia ¢he woodlots are saved because so many farms are sup- plied with natural gas. Yet firewood is the standby, it is declared, and there ts no present sign that the grand {day of emancipation will come around when not an American boy has to. ‘ split wood, dig it, out from under snow- e drifts, or fill his hands with splinters in “toting” the stuff into the kitchem ) PARDON ME WusT A MINUTE Miss BROWN T7LL WHICH MiSs BROWN THAT! ATES MAM COME RIGHT IN. Grasshoppers for Food. “TOM, THIS Miss BRowN CAME. TO APPIN Foie A Posrrion AS DANNNS NURSE ~ SHE SEEMS SENSIBLE AND SCIENTIFIC _AND SAYS SHE WILL ALLOW NO ONB TO. Kiss THE BABY NO ONE WovLD WA INT TO KISS THE BABY WITH HER Locusts, grasshoppers and crickets ar eaten in the East, being dried, salt- ed, ground into a powder and made in- to cakes, Animal’s Influence On Man. It would be hard to estimate the in- fluence animals have had upon man. ¥rom the earliest dawn of civilization animals have. been kept for various purposes and they have. always exert- + ed considerable influence upon man’s fe and character. last census there were 106 miles to 100 females, the division of native, for- eign, ete, being as follows: Native white of native parentage, 104 males, 100 females;. native white of foreign parentage, 99.5 males, 100 females; foreign white 129.2 males, 100 females; negro, 98.9 niales, 100 females; all others, 185 males, 100 females, i SABLEFISH NEW DISH U.S. Experts Rescue “Black, Cod” From Oblivion. Fourth Important Sea Food for! Which Market Has Been Created by the Bureau of Fisheries. Uncle Sam’s bureau of fisheries, aid- ed and abetted by the high cost of liv- ing, is rapidly building up: a food-figh aristocracy in the United States, and the latest candidate for admission is, the sablefish, which has traveled under the alias of “black cod” for many years. The sablefish has been lifted from obscurity in a fashion as sensational. as the rise of the tilefish. Five years ago the north coast Atlantic fisher- men were throwing overboard tons of tilefish, Today, it brings 20 cents a pound, with the supply limited. The sablefish was first discovered on the Alaskan coast in 1811 by the Indians, and the early settlers, noting its superficial appearance, called it “black cod.” As a matter of fact, the sablefish is not of the cod family; it’s rather of the salmon type. While the people of the Pacific coast were clam- oring about the high cost of Itving dur- ingsthe past few years, the fishermen out of San Francisco had been dump- ing overboard thousands of tons of the fish, which they regarded as worthless, To obtain the best flavor, sablefish should be purchased “in the frost” and thawed out. Barbecuing it fs especial- ly recommended by the bureau of fish- eries to the lovers of beach fish fries. The introduction of the sablefish marks the fourth important food dish discovery of the fisheries bureau in the, past five years., The tilefish was thé first, and in order to introduce this fish to the American housewife, Secretary of Commerce Redfield personally worked out and furthered an advertising cam: paign, He ordered the bureau to send samples of, the fish to a number of clubs and hotels about Washington! So quickly was the tilefish’s popular: ity attained that dealers in Washing: ton today cannot keep their supply up to demand. Another discovery was the greyfish, popularly known as dog shark. The bureau set to work to eliminate public prejudice based on the name “shark,” and a strong demand for the greyfish has been created. The bow-fin or mudfish, a fresh wa- {| 000 in 1797 to $4,500,000,000_in 1815. ter fish of great"sicculencé, was added last winter. This fish is not only edible but altogether desirable from an epicurenn viewpoint. In introducing the sablefish to the American public, H. F. Moore, deputy commissioner of fisheries, outlined a complete menu to which jt is well adapted. UNCLE SAM PAYS HIS DEBTS Record of Past 125 Years Shows De- termination to Redeem Nation's Public Obligations. Imminence of United States govera- ment borrowing which, if. all the con- templated bonds were put out, would | increase our public debt to six times ’ its present magnitude, suggests some reminiscence. The story of rise and fall in the public debt, on various oc: casions in the 125 past years Is of a character which has never been dupli- cated by any. other government. Broadly summarized, our national in, terest-bearing debts has fluctuated as follows: 1791, after War of Indepen- dence + 75,463,476 Beginning of 1: 731 1816, aftgr war with Eng! surplus revenue. end Civil war . 1891, after surplus revenue + 585,024,720 1896, after loans for gold re- serve 1899, after Spanish war after surplus revenue. 1917, after Panama financing. What this table shows first of all is the determination of the American people to redeem their public debt, no matter how large that debt may g1 It was practically wiped out in 1835, when the federal government actual- ly began to distribute its surplus rev- enue to the states. It was cut down three-fourths in the 26 years after the Civil war. But it would be much more than twice as large as ever be- fore, with $5,000,000,000 of war bonds, Great Britain’s public debt rose in the Napoleonic wars from $1,944,000,- By 1896 it had been reduced to $3,200,- 000,000. When the present war broke out, it was $3,500,000,000; today it is approximately $15,000,000,000. Insignia for the Exempt. ‘Army insignia for non-combatants to show they are not “slackers” will prob- ably soon make their appearance. The government will have some designa- tion—a button probably—which will be given to those exempted from actual military or naval service and other- wise serving the country. This is the scheme adopted in Great Britain. The Strength of a Nation. A state to prosper must be built on foundations of moral. character; and this character is the principal element of its strength, and the only guaranty of its permanence and prosperity— J. L. M. Curry. Graduate, If ya! are sick —Adjustments Suite 14, Lucas S. 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Get rid of love that you can’t eat,” observed the ; that nervous, irritable feeling; no man who knows, “is not infrequently | more need of pipe, cigar, cigarette, caused by the high price of flowers | snuff or chewing. tobacco to pacify and theater tickets."—Widow. _ morbid desire. ’ it tp ‘i NUN he Bank with the Coc. a ae ° What Is a National Bank? © A National Bank, such as this institution, differs from other banks in that it is organized and conducted under the careful supervision of the United States Government. im te National Bank Kxaminers under the direction ‘of the Comptroller of the Currency keep in touch with the details of this bank's workings and, moreover, strict rules and regulations to insure absolute safety have been laid down by the Government and must be followed. This is one feature-of the unquestioned safety we offer you in inviting your account. TheFisst National Bank BISMARCK, N.D- AUCTION SALE AT MY RANCH—5 MILES EAST OF BISMARCK Wednesday, June 27 CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING: 13 Registered Shorthorn 1 three ycar old Scotch Herd cows; 11 with calf at side; bull. : two with calf soon. 3 grade heifers—2 yearling . steers, ‘ £3 ie herd are good. milch 3 yearling heifers, one year- 4 ing bull. : P ed ALL CATTLE HAVE BEEN TESTED AND FOUND FREE OF TUBERCULOSIS ‘16 Horses ‘and Mares. from One to Ten Years Old HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND FARM MACHINERY Will meet No. 4 going east and No. 3 going west (N. P. trains) at Bismarck to get people who wish to attend the sale. Frank Hammond Five miles east of Bismarck, Section 32, Gibbs township 13979 Shorthorn Yearling Bull, owned by A. V. Fisher, wil! be placed under the hammer during this sale. Sale conditions same as above. free. Z Block Phone 260 Bismarck