Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, June 15, 1922, Page 3

of several atoms. Then, for a.time It my,, R b A E e new tadio station at the Presidio, -\Wq‘ assumed that the atom was the| g,y prancisco, with aerial conditions i [ AS RADIO DETECTOR How ;This :Device. Depends on | Emfssinn and ' Control* of | Elettrons forIts Operatioft. | Readers of the radio coluin erp ‘urged %to clip each article and paste it in a'file book. STRY articles print- led are contintofls ‘and the entird seories will be valudble for reference. The greatest advances ‘i ‘past few years iu the radio art have beeg, due in one way or another to i{}# use of vacuum tubes. In view of of them will be of interest. All of these tubes, known by a va- {dion, seriotron (trade names of the manufacturer) depend upon the same fundamental principles for their op- ieration. For the sake of simplicity of brevity these will be referred to in /this column simply as vacuum tubes. A vacuum tube. can, be made to_func; | | tion as a detector, as an -amplifier, or ,as an oscillator. 340 The vacuum tube depends on the emissiop and, control. .91, electrons .for its operation. The electron is the |smallest subdivision of matter which mankind: recognizesand:itucarries the | | smallest electrl(;)lvty. electroy research it; had been held by scientigfs that matter Was built up of | distinct; particles. or units which they called /ftoms and molecules, |the molecule was’ agsumed to be_the kn’awn charge of negative nis fact a more careful conslderntlon’ ade in the |. - riety of names, such as radiotron, au-|: For ' years previous to - led by a battery current and. it is this heat furnished by the battery current that constitutes the force that dls- jrupts the atoms of the filament and iiberates_electrons. 1 Fig. TII is a spherical glass bulb '} from which all the air and gases have een exhausted and having mounted in It a filament C:D which can be heated to\ Incandescence by the “A” battery connected to it, and’the metallic plate E. VWhen the filament C-D is heated ‘to indandescence by thg SAY: battery | ec- conniectert: across its terminals trons; are’ emitted. Connecting: ib@ ‘cold plete:E to the incandescent fila: ment {C-D-by means .of th§ cirepit B \ qudWfitx wiidch inclydes a cubrd and 4 “B” battery, with itsmegativa; side icotiected to the filament lead at H;and: its positive side connected thro!;f seurrent ‘fobtet; the=flate Dbecol ectrically positive.;with ire- spect’ to-the fillament, Since'llke charges repel .and unlike charges attract, there will be a move- ‘ment of electrons from thé filament to the positively charged plate, and ithe current. meter will show a deflec- tion which indicates that a current is flowing in the circuit E-F-G-H. Increasing the “B” battery volfage causes an increase in the current flowing in the circuit E-F-G-H, the ‘plate circuit, until the positive charge on the plate E is so strong that all jof the electrons given' off by the fila- iment are attracted to it. Assuming hat the temperature of the filament is ‘kept constant and that the plate vol- itage has been increased to the point ‘where all_of the electrons given off by the filament are attracted to fit, any further increases in’the “B"” bat- itery voltage will not cause any in- icrease in the current in the plate cir- Increasing the temperature of the filament will increase the total num- ber of the electrons emitted. At rst | FRISCO TALKS TO HONOLULU smallest quantity of matter that could [ wow Radio Station at the Presidio have a separate. existence or take ipart in, chemical action, but more vig- orous research pointed to the fact that| * the molecule is made up of still.smalf- er.elements which are termed atoms; Can Be Heard Half Way Around the Globe. iy : i . “Hello, Honolulu.” ] at' may sound like fiction, but it . that is, a molecule may be composed | js g reality, nevertheless, ry smallest quantity;of an element right, can be heard half way around thdt could exist, but later researches| 4,5 ojohe, Officials in charge of con- jhave revealed that atoms may' beligmqetion declare it to be the most further subdivided ’ into called electrons. The ‘apparent mass of an electron is about one-eighteen: Mreth part of that of an atom of fiydrogen which is the smallest of the chemical ‘atoms; : According to the electron theory ‘an atom consists of adefinite num-|: |ber of electrons grouped around a nucleus having a positive charge and so long as none of the component \electrons are " driven from the atom, the latter possess no detectable charge. |The positive charge on the nucleus is sald to be exactly neutralized by the negative charges .on the electrons grouped about it. i Suppgse now that:‘by:some ‘mean: an eleétron can be detached from the | atom. Then the atom, becomes what | is known as a positive fon and It ex- hibits ‘the properties of a positively |, charged body; or:in-other words since lan electron which carries a negative charge:-has been removed from the atom which has equal positive and|: \negative charges, the portion of the|: atom mpw. remaining has a_ deficlency | |t negative ‘¢hirge ‘anid acts ke any | positively charged body.~ On the other hand if some force can | | be brought to bear that will add anf: electron to a normal atom which Is neutral as far as electrical charges ‘are measured, the result will be a ne- gative fon, which will possess all the properties ' of. a negatively charged | : body. An atom then. which has a deficiency of electrons is called a pos- itive fon and one having excess of .electrons is called a negative fon. Since each electron carries a ne- tive ‘charge of electricity an elec- trén represents a certdin quantity of electricity. Forcing electrons to move from one point to “anotheér -causes. electricity to flow. The'ability of any. medium to condiict electricity or allow, a current to flow through' it defi@ upon the number of~ free electry available as’carriers:of ¢harges. | It has been known for many @f@ that the space surrounding a plecé of heated metal is.. a conductor of electricity. It has been demonstrat- ed more recently that this is'dae to the release: of electfons and that if-a incandescent metal be placed in a bulb exhausted of all gases, pure elec- trons will be liberated from the in- candescent metal. In a vacuum tube such as we are g at the present time, the plece f metal used to furnish the electrons is called ‘the filament and is usually made of tungsten amd sonietimes is coated with oxides to Increase the electron ‘emission. - For convenience the filament of & vacuum tube is heat- particles | yowerful vacuum tube transmitter on the Pacific coast. i Located on the highest point in the " |'| Presidio, overlooking San Francisco -~~1'| bay, two 150-foot aerial towers to aug- ment its efficiency, the new station will command similar stations in Salt Lake City. and Cheyenne. Radiophones on‘German Trains. . ‘Wireless telephone. instruments wl!l | be installed on a“number of importaxt ‘German; express trains, and-récetving ingtruments will be placed in hotels ‘and embassies, according to’ an an- mouncement made recently. . Experl- ments conducted in a moving freight | car have shown that the wireless sys: item works well, .the men engaged n ‘the testing of the instruments being {able to hold conversations with friends ‘in Berlin. The tests were made under ithe observation of engineers, military ‘attaches and the diplomatic repre- ‘sentatives of the United States and ‘Sweden. 4 etk - i . Handling Vacuum Tubes, f ‘When you handle the-vacuum tubes ,of your receiver great care should be lexercised that:'they are not knocked labout or that the elements are broken. IThese little Tawips-aré. the heart and isoul of the-set. A good way to op- lerate these tubes o keep the glow ijust a little below)the critical point. fmemsasssassrnnane ADVICE "FOR' AMATEURS. SNNSIY ’ ’ ’ ’ The voftages'applied’ to the plate circuits of amplifying tubes are not' éxtremsly critical and one voltage control will suf- fice. The detector’ tube, how- ever, is often very ‘critical and an efficient ; potentiometer will work wonders in controlling it. Apparatus used for the recep- tion of. broadcasting is exactly the same as that.used for the reception of code signals. The transmitting equipment, how- - ever, igidifferent, The use of a single wire for reception is advantageous be- cause ‘it lessens; the- amount of objectional interference in the way' of statie,” T€’i8 equally as good as a multiple wire system for reception., - Defective %B" batteries will often cause roaring in the teler phone recefvers. The electron ~often talked about is ‘thié smallest known, quantity, of:- negative elegtrical energy. - In, motion it es up the electricicurrent.”§* I © A “soft™vacuum tule is used\'$ as a detctor‘tube and a “hard” \j* vacuum tubé ' as am: amplifier. The tetms, “hard”jahd “seft” refer to: degree of cuatifn. ‘Radio; waves travel atdthe, same eed:: as namely 186,000 miles, per nd. * f A wivemeter (8" dn instru: 4 ment used for checking up the ¢ wave lengths, of sending and re- : celving statiofis, .. . ’ Gas pipe’ or ‘Wwater pipe sys- : ! ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ‘ ' ’ B NN Y N N NN R R P R R R P tems may be used for grounds, the latter being.more advisable. Lightning protection secured by grounding-the antenna when not in use is essential and is re- quired by the underwriters. ’ faan ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ S htebahei (e READ THE PIONEER WANT ADS Gldd&nod _Ey Long-Threa E ‘tul thd ind haggard, and m in the hall her heart was full of j ifear, “Tell me © the' worst,” she fmplored. “Oh, Edwin, I'm ready to bear anything! What has hap- pened? Have you failed in busl néss?; h “No, my dear— not that.” He buried his head in his hands and looked the picture of’ despalr. “Then you are iil! You have got another. attack of that dreadful indl- gestion?” - “I'm, not il1,” he answered, stonily. “No; it is not that’” “This suspense is terrible,” she sald. “It is killing me, Edwin. Tell me all—everything! = I am ready to know the worst! Has your mother died?” He looked. at her sadly. “Oh, my darling,” he cried;)taking her hand, “that—that button I told you about has got tired of hanging on by one thread. Here it isl” v Had Double Supply of Legs. The body of a -perfectly formed chicken containing four legs, “two necks and four wings was for some time on exhibition in''Quincy, - Mdks." The chicken was an ‘Anaconda breed, and was hatched in an incubator. . It and healthy, but its four legs got in the way of one another, causing the chicken to go'in a circle and fall down every time it tried to walk. This re- sulted in its being trampled over and smothered to death by the stronger chickens. The chicken was such a perfect example of a double bird in every respect but the head, that the owner had it preserved. A Good Reason. The Plute Indians of California are notoriously lacking in chivalry toward their women. Uncle Arch Farrington was driving down Westgard Pass road one hot summer afternoon and met Fatty Jack, -a Plute, astride a small pony, which was visibly wabbly un- der his burden. . Uncle Arch was in- censed to note Jack’s wife about 50 feet behind the.pony carrying a sack of | flour ‘and tolling along on foot. As he met the ‘Indian’ Uncle Arch called.angrily: to Jack: “What for you ridem pony, makem squaw walk?” Fatty Jack, nat defgn- ing 'to stop. to argue the ethics of the situation, called over his shoul- der as he passed on, “She no gottem horse."—Kansas City Star.’ The Meanest Man. The meanest man is not, as has been reported, the Carolina farmer who used to light a lamp on the break- fast table, tell the hired men. to no- then blow the lamp out and let them do_so. Yok The meanest man must have been riding downtown the other morning on a North side street car. “What did you get your wife for her birthday, John?’ one asked. “Oh, I got her 15 gallons of gaso- line and five gallons of engine oil” And he never smiled when he said It, JEALOUS He—Doesn't Maud toek peach tonight? ° She—Yes, but she didn't get the bloom evenly distributed. like a Woodchucks of Unusual Color, ‘Woodchucks are unusually plentiful near Ormsby, Ont., and each year war is waged against these interesting but destructiveanimals. In one litter of young ones a pure white one was shot white spofsign it, this year. Sevepal years ago the same hunter killed a Jet blgek woodehuck. ¥ ‘Auto Sought Plunge in Ocean. ga'etmer, when Mr.'Sickles of ' West vin, started iF going. It crossed the dvente, hurdled the eurb -and ran Wfifoss the boardwalk, crashing through an; iron railing and - dropped’ ten feet to “the ‘beach. The machine ‘was stopped just in time to prevent It be- coming a submarine. His Motions Teo Vigorous. Assistant county aftorney in Omaba, Neb., gesticulated so ‘vigorously in his prosecution of ‘a case in court in the District court, that his right arm was: dislocated. Two attorneys pulled it back into place for him. SUBSCRIBE FOR THE PIONEER came out of the shell apparently strong | tice the location of the victuals so |* they could find them in the dark and |; either.~Indianapolis News. | and in the same litter another ong had || N .N. J.,leaves nis automobile he | “jsgoing t6 put wejghts on it. He ilippeked it In Océan Grove. ‘A, gust of -'_{m .-4p—~ b — -_ Two Kinds of Lawyers, Those of the Old School and Those of the New By ROGER SHERMAN, Vice-Pres't Ill. Bar Ass'n. Em‘ S G T T S L A AT The profession of law can regain much that it has lost in the confi- dence of the;!(»]u ! systems and; deal with, questions shll,Lp)jflcd to thiem less.ag, professors,of law as wellit oot v il o b st thoee of the new. g dark, dusty room in an upattractive agent jyalk from the Hall diréctly intohis room. i With the lawyer.of thenew school, it is different. . . . Everything 8 clean o dust is visibles'no papers: are exposed to view. ' The lawyer the client pr ‘Prospective client cape to see sits before a flat-topped desk $hat has no books on it and no papers, except those on which he is working restores them to their file in the vault when they are no longer needed. There is no delay in finding the papers. in general terms the services rendered. It indicates on its face that in madking the charge the sender then had in mind. just what services had been rendered, the time required, the importance of the transaction and the result accomplished. The fact that the bill was sent promptly and that the charge is fairly high does not in the least offend the client, because from his entrance into the bailding to the receipt of the bill he was im- pressed witk the fact that the lawyer knew two things, his client’s business and his owi. The client “got service”—the thing he wanted above every thing elsc—and is willing to pay the price. > . BEMIDJI, MONDAY, JUNE s - SPECIAL PRE-WAR PRICES! Ziat HE Children 25c—Adults 55¢ General Admission Includes War Tax 19 o4 gore Their Own Special Train --- Packs of Feroclous, Man Eating Siberian Blood- Hounds---Herds of Algerian Shetland Ponies. Monster Tents - Strictly Waterproof : GRAND FREE STREET PARADE AT NOON HThe Absolute Kifig and Monarch of Them All <+ aen Combined With o~ THE GREAT SOUTH BEFORE.THE WAR 2| BAND CONCERTS . - B D00RS OPEN - PERFORMANCE [ATHLETIC PROGRAM SUND:$,0398§E, 18 “TOFSY J” and “TRAMPWILD” THE GUIDELESS WONDERS LONE PACERS—2 “TOPSY'. who pe'é‘red on the tragk last Sunda; “TRAMP flD"i%n‘cfier horse who will circle the trac hout a driver. Two'Hérness Races, With Eight Horses Entered, S Sk vk vtk R S L. C. CURTIS, Bemidji Wrestler, will meet all comers.’ Matches already arranged with fast outside material, LADIES’ WRESTLING BOUTS. s A e aalah e e ] SPEEDY EVENTS PROMISED Admission for the entire program, 5(c Grand Stand, 15c extra ' iblic if lawyers will bstablish busingss ethods and busipess’ Thetie are todqx ‘two kinids of [thtryers, those of tjne old school apd (§ at’the time. ‘An office boy brings in the papers that may be required and- In due course, within 30 or 60 days, the client receives a bill showing GE THREE (Inserted by Mrs. Geo. Eri Amount paid for 25¢) SENATOR Primaries, Monday, June 19th. ‘Eleet GEO, E. ERICSON BELTRAMI AND KOOCHICHING COUNTIES BT L L T T T T I AR AL Markham Coffee Shop 3 ULV T LYCAN & CO., Prop. We Keep On Hand at All Times g Strawberry, Chocolate, Vanilla Ice Cream g Pineapple or Lemon, three in one Strawberry, Orange Sherbet or Mousse é g Our new Soda Menu gives you an exact description of each Fancy Sundae served in Indestructo Silver Sundae Dishes. CUTH T n Illllllllllllls A Trial Will Please Us Both Size 30x3 30x3 3% 32x314 31x4 32x4 33x4 34x4 34x4% Consider and Compare These Prices Non-Skid Non-Skid 30x3 “Bleco” N.-S...$7.35 208 Second Street Buy at Factory Prices—From Factory Direct to You BLEKRE TIRES and TUBES Unlimited Milgnxe Guarantee Fabric Cord Extra Heavy $8.50 $1.45 $9.45 $1.65 $12.50 $19.90 $2.10 $13.95 $22.85 $2.45 $16.35 $23,95 $2.60 $16.95 $24.70 $2.70 $17.55 $25.48 $2.80 $25.45 ,$33.16 $3.50 Mail Orders Solicited O. H. OLMSTEAD Factory Representative JOHNSTON’S TOP SHOP Tube Prices That Defy All Competition 30x3Y; “Bleco” N.-S...$7.95 BUY NOW!—WHY PAY MORE? Bemidji, Minn. office. Our that OFFICE STATIONERY We are headquarters for everything needed in your stationery, blank books and all other supplies are the best in line and what we don’t carry in stock is not worth giving it space. If you haven’t been in our store yet, we invite you to come in and get acquaint- ed with our low prices. City Drug Store | LALIBERTE & ERICKSON Phene 562 Bemid)! A CABINET "% 25 Good Records iIn ‘IVery Good Condit‘ion, Almost New and’ for $50 1311 MINNESOTA AVE. PHONOGRAPH