Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, January 19, 1920, Page 2

| { | P#AGE TWO THE BEMIDJI DAILY PIONEER MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 19, 1920 T = e e —————— FAIL TO WIPE OUT HOOKWORM Complete Elimination Has Not Yet Been Attained. T0 TAKE UP NEW STUDIES Report of Rockefeller Foundation Says Further Study and Investigation Is Necessary—Cure of an Individual Found Simple Task, but to Prevent Reinfection From Larvae in Soil Is Difficult—Fight on Fifteon Years. Faflure to eradicate completely hook- worm disease from any one area during 16 years of sclentific struggle against that scourge by Its own and other health agencles is acknowledged in the Rockefeller foundation’s ennual report. Intensive sclentific study of certaln control factors, notably the viability of the worms In various kinds of sofl and other mediums and the possibility of making certain the existence of oth- er forms of transmission than those al- ready well understood, are suggested as offering hope of attaining more com- plete results. It is probable that such studies soon will be undertaken. “Nothing could be simpler in theory than the few measures necessary for the control of hookworm infection,” the report says. “The cycle of the worm from the moment the egg is de- posited on the ground until it has reached the small intestine of its hu- man host and developed to its adult stage is well understood, as are also the detalls of its life story and envi- ronment; and there are at least two drugs which are most potent in free- ing the human system of the parasites. It should therefore be relatively sim- ple to locate and to cure those who have the disease, to prevent others from contracting it, and thus to bring about, within limited areas at least, its complete eradication. Although the problem of complete eradication is simple when stated on paper, it is not so in practice. The board has been engaged in work against) hookworm disease since 1910, similar work was undertaken in Porto Rico in 1904, and the attack on the disease In the mines of Belgium, Hol- land and Germany began as early as 1902, yet it is impossible to point to any one mine or area from which the infection has been completely eradi- cated. In the mines of Germany it was reduced from 16.8 per cent In 1903 to .18 per cent in 1912; in those of the Netherlands, from 25 per cent in 1903 to .32 per cent in 1913, and in those of the Liege district of Belgium, from 22.8 per cent in 1902 to 1.2 per cent In 1013. These are the nearest recorded approaches to complete con- trol. Many Obstacles in Way. “Many obstacles stand in the way of complete eradication, even In isolated areas having no fmmigration and with natural conditions that either limit or preclude intercourse with the outside world. It is seldom possible to examine every Individual in an area or to treat until cured all who are found infected ; when latrines of a proper type are in- stalled in sufficient numbers to pre- vent soll pollution. it is still necessary to accustom the people to the use of them—and this Is a task that usually requires a long period of education and enlightenment; and even when hoth the foregoing conditions are ful- filled there still remains for a time the danger of reinfection from hookworm larvae already in the s ’ After an extended perience with reinfec: which were found to show the highest rates on es- tates in Ceylon, the foundation re- ports: vey of its ex- “These high rates eof reinfection should not be accepted as indieating that no considerable progress has heen made toward bringing the disease un- der control, It should be remembered that the problem of hookworm control is primarily one of reducing mass In- fection. The practical phase of the task is concerned with the removal of the Iargest possible number of worms from the largest possible number of infected persons. Upon this basis the best criterion for judging the effective- ness of a curative campaign in any area is not the percentage of infected persons who are cured or who remain cured, but the proportion, expelled and destroyed, of the total worms har- bored by the population. “Even though in certain of the areas mentioned from 50 to 100 per cent of the persons formerly cured of the dis- ease have since become reinfected there can be little doubt that as a re- sult of treatment the average number of worms harbored by each infected person has been very materially re- duced. Conditlons extremely favorable for the prevalence and persistence of the Infection exist practically through- out all countries in which the work has been conducted; there is at pres- ent lack of definite knowledge as to how long larvae remain infective in the soil; the latrine accommodations provided in many areas have been de- fective or inadequate, the habits of the people grossly insanitary, and, in addition, war conditions have Inter- fered seriously with due and effective sanitary supervisions and reasonable regimentation. Under these circum- stances reinfection was bound to occur in greater or less degree, but it will unquestionably diminish as effective sanitation is introduced and* the cura- tive measures are extended. “The fact that after a series o{ ef- NEW HYBRID CARNATIONS By L. M. BENNINGTON. Thanks to the skill of the hybridist, we now have races of lovely, fragrant, ever-blooming carnations, dwarf and bushy in growth, that show buds and flowers {n four or five months after the seeds are sown. The flowers, too, are not only borne in abundance, but are of all the lead- ing shades of color, from white through shades of pink to dark crim- son, and from cream to bright yellow, as well as striped and blotched. These new carnations are as easily grown as Japan pinks. The seeds may be sown in a box in the window dur- ing March or April, and the plants set out where they are to bloom when the weather becomes warm and settled. Give them a sunny bed, and if you wish a fine show of flowers from each plant, pinch off the first stem that pushes up to bloom. This will cause| the plant to stoal out, and develop sev- eral stalks, each of which will bear & cluster of buds and flowers. A rich, rather tenacious soil suits the plants, and they should stand eight inches apart in the row or bed. For winter blooming sow the seeds in May or June and grow #a pots, shift- A Fine Example of New Striped Car nation. ing into larger pots as the plants de- velop. The seedlings are rarely troubled with rust, which is the bahe of the florist’s plants, grown from cuttings. The seeds mostly germinate in from five to seven days. MULCH YOUR PLANTS If the season is warm, and the soil seems likely to dry out rapidly, water your plants well, and mulch about them with road dust. This will pre- vent the rapid evaporation of mois- ture from about the roots of the plants. Larger plants can be mulched * with grass clippings from the lawn. forts at control in different parts of the globe extending over a perlod of more than 15 years it is still impos- | sible to point to any single area from which the disease his been complete- ly eradicated suggests that perhaps the work is being carried out with a lack of sclentific information on cer- taln points concerning which definite knowledge 1s Indispensable if complete control I8 to be achleved. Tt is hoped that a series of studies may soon be made which will supply definite ex- perimental proof on the phases of hookworm control which still require further investigation. “One of the most important factors in need of further study is that relat- ing to the viability of hookworm larvae in soll and other medla. In the past it has been commonly supposed that aft- er a period of from slx to ten months the sofl would become sterile and the disease would gradually die out, but the evidence now at hand seems to In- dicate that soil once heavily infected —particularly in tropical countrles where the temperature seldom or never drops to the freezing point—must re- main infected for a considerable time even after sanitary conditions have been Improved. Thus, Kofold has re- cently reported that in the soll of Call- fornia the larvae remained alive for 12 months, and it is probable that in more tropical climates they persist for even longer periods.” Part of the report Is devoted to de- sceribing infection and sanitary sur- veys undertaken in various countries and recounting the difficulties of pre- venting the most serious source of in- fection—soil pollution. The providing of adequate latrines Is set forth as the best method of bringing about this re- sult, “Some data from Arkansas and Texas brought together by means of the laboratory car Metchnikoff, during the treatment of infected soldiers in the southern states, suggests that there is a possibility of the Infection being transmitted by dust. This subject is worthy of further study. The role played by insects, particularly flles, in transmitting the Infection also re- mains to be thoroughly investigated,” the chapter concludes. HOT COFFEE FOR MINERS Home Demonstration Agent in Arizona Solves Problem. “Can you suggest some feasible way of supplying the men who are working in ‘our mines with hot coffee at least once during their working hours?’ the head of the welfare de- partment of a large mining company, located In _Cochise county, Arizona, oy} i FLOWER LIST FOR AMATEUR By L. R. O'BRIEN. Among the most desirable plants for the amateur 1 would place the sweet pea first, This flower has great value both for garden decoration and also for Snapdragon One of the Old-Fashioned Favorites. cutting. If care is taken not to allow it to develop seed, it will blossom during tke entire season. Plant at least three inches deep and as early as possible, Be sure and glve a support of brush or of wire netting. The brush is preferable. Among the old standbys is the petunia, which begins to bloom in June and keeps on blooming until frost. The flowers are showy and easily grown. s Phlox drummondi and the verbera are both profuse bloomers with a wide range of color and no gardeu should be without them. Nasturtium, calliopsis, the poppy and marigold are old tried and true favorites and should not be over- looked. The most fragrant of flowers, the mignonette, the pansy, the ten week stock, the aster and the snapdragon should all find a place in the garden, however small it may be. A corner of bachelor’s button, the ragged robir, requires little care and makes a glori- ous splotch of color. These are all old favorites, all are good, easily grown, and all are kinds that the beginner in gardening will soon get on friendly terms with. When the lilacs have finished bloom- ing, all the seed clusters should be cut away. . A e e A A A A A A A A A At asked the home demonstration agent of that county. He desired an arrangement where- by the men could be supplied at the shafts of the mines with a hot drink to supplement their cold lunches. The home demonstration agent visited elght shafts with the foreman of the mines to observe conditions. Before making suggestions she also made an Investigation of the character of lunch which was carried by the min- ers. She found that many take none at all. Of the 1,020 men who carried their lunches, only 61 had bottles which keep liquids hot. The rest ate an entirely cold meal at noon. This seemed to be one of the reasons for the lessened efficiency of the men in the afternoons. As a result of the in- vestigation huge containers of coffee have been placed recently in strategic points at the shaft mouths so that the men have a hot drink with their noon- day meal. Shoe Mending at Home. The calling-up of the village boot- maker or “cobbler” has seriously af- fected domestic convenience in many rural districts. His importance is suddenly recog- nized, and hie loss has, in several iso- lated midland hamlets, given a re- markable stimulus to shoe-mending at home. Technical classes in soling, heeling and patching have been arranged, and country women are rapidly acquiring the art of cobbling. Lady Petre de- clares that it should be as natural to do this at home as to darn stockings. —London Chronlcle. Schooldays. In a physiology recitation during a discussion of the organs of breath- ing, a sixth grade girl, when asked what the diaphragm was, replied: “It 1s something that if we didn’t have we’d go all out of shape when we breathed.” | The teacher in assigning a lesson In the fifth grade geography ended by’ saying: “The question need not be answered by written answer; the an- swers must be in your head.” There was a general laugh when a boy raised his hand and asked, “Must I hand it in?” THE WRONG WORD. Daughter—A certain young man sent me these flowers this morning. Papa—Don’t say “a certain young man,” my dear. There is none of ’em certain till you've got ’em.— Edinburgh Scotsman, Term Is Derived From “Paiiium,” Originally Used as Designation for Covering of Coffin. Pallbearers are a rather mournful topic. But they are a very defiffite element of our social life and we cannot help sceing them or hearing t about them, or perhaps if we are men, some day oursclves finding con- ferred upon us the sad honor of carrying to his last resting place the remains of a friend. It is meet, therefore, that we know the true sig- nificance of the term which has been applied to the oitice. The name pallbearcrs for the friends of the deceased who carry the coffin to the grave is of somewhat in- direct significance, writes Herminie Neustadl in the Cincinnati Commer- cial-Tribune. Pall comes from pallium, which means a cover or a mantle and may be used to designate any kind of rich cloth. But in olden times it was used specifically for the heavy cover- ing that was draped over the coffin at a funcral ceremony. And it is for this reason that the men who bore upon their shoulders the coffin came | to be called pallbearers. l . Dog Answers Doorbell. There is one dog in London which. were its duties known. we should all join In voting an extra ration. It is the care of an entire household. Al the human members of the family are deaf and dumb. The dog answers the door. That is to say, when it hears a knock or a ring, it conveys the information to its betters by barks, which are detected by the opening and shutting of its mouth, by wagging its tail. and in the last resort by gently pawing its mas- ter or mistress and running toward front or back door.—London Chronicle. And if It Wasn't, The man who had served through- out the war as a private in ‘the base hospital at Angers was loud in his scorn of a neighbor who hadn’t gone into the service at all. A friend let him rave on till the Angers soldier had used the word slacker. Then he said “That's right, give it to him. All he did during the war was hang on to a mee soft job as tesiing piiot for the Curriss people, All he had to do was to 'y each machive long enough to wo it iU was sage for cne of our avi- ' =/The Howe 3dcior. HOTEL RADISSON [n the heart of the retail and theatrical districf; 450 rooms at moderate rates. Four laige cafes. The largest and most complete hotel in the northwest, Minneapolis Among [ A PHOTOGRAPH OF YOURSELF GOOd Thlngs on whichyou could spend A FEW DOLLARS TO GOOD ADVANTAGE A REALLY TRUE LIKE-NESS THAT YOU, YOUR FAMILY, AND YOUR FRIENDS WILL ALL APPRECIATE. & & o LET US DO THE WORK -HAKKERUP STUDIO BEMIDJI, MINN. Burter Is HEaLTHY | ERE is no substitute for butter. Growing children need it in generous quantities as it stimulates their growth and gives them the strength to resist disease, be- N cause it possesses “Vitamines” or ‘Butterfat,” obtain- . N t able only in butter, milk, cheese and eggs. 1 i It is a perfect food for adults as well. Not only is it appetizing, but according to scientists, promotes health and long life. j : Do you want to add on weight?—Eat lots of butter. !’ Are you sick or ailing?—DButter is easily digested and a [ strength-builder. | | I To be sure the butter you use is made from clean, | | pasteurized cream insist on having KOORS BUTTER. l | 1 | KooRS BROTHERS Co. g & i |