Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, September 18, 1919, Page 6

WILSON ANSWERS " SEAMTE OUERIES Says He Sees Mo Reasonable Qbjection to Reservations as to League of Nations. CONFERENCE AT WHITE HOUSE President Asserts United States Surrenders No Powers and May Withdraw at Will ‘Washington, Aug. 20.—President 'Wilson and the members of the for- eign relations committee of the senate met at the White House, Tueaday, to discuss the peace treaty. Th: President opened the discus- sion by impressing upon the sena- tors the urgent ratification of’ the treaty without amendments and with- eout reservaions that would require resubmisajon of the treaty to. the other signatories, especially Germany. The President said that the interest @f every class of people, the farmers, tnduatrial workers, and employers, de- wanded prompt ratification to tha end that stable conditions of industry, ag- gicuiture and employment be reesta- dlished. The President’s: address which, was in effect to the. country, follows: The President’s Statement. 1 hope that this conference will serve to expedite your consideration Qf the treaty of peace. I beg that you will gudon and indulge me if I again grge that practically the whole task «f dringing the country back to nor- " wal conditions of life and industry ) by the concgrt Vof all great people: waits upon the decision of the senate with regard to the terms of the peace. 1 venture thus again to urge my ad- wice that the action of the senate with regard to the treaty be taken at the earliest practicable moment, be- juse the problems with which we are €ace to face in the readjustment of our national life are. of the most pressing and critical character, will require for eir proper solution the most inti- te and disinterested co-operation of W1l partiés and all interests, and can- Qot be postponed without manifest peril to our people and to all the na- Yonal advantages we held most dear. Military Plans Wait. * Our military plans, of course, wait wpon it. We cannot intelligently or wisely decide how large a naval or wilitary force we shall. maintain or what our policy with regard to mili- -Npry training ds-to be-until: we have ace,” not only, but also until we Wnow how peace is to be sustained, whether by the arms of single nations Anf tiiere ‘i Tiore ‘than that -dif wulty involved Thevast surplus’prop- erties of the army include, not food .4nd. clothing smerely; whose. sale: wilk affect normal production, but great manufacturing establishments. also, which should be restored to their for- wmer uses, great stores of machine #pols, and all sorts of machinery which must lie idle until peace and wmilitary policies are definitely deter- qined. The nations that ratify the treaty, wuch as Great Britain, Belgium and Wrance, will be in a position to lay &heir pluns for controlling tho markets at central Europe, without competis ®fon from us, if we do not presently wsct. We have no consular agents, no trade representatives, there to look wfter our interests. Europe in Unsettled Condition. There are large areas in Europe whose- future will lie- uncertain and guestionable until their people know the final settlements of peace and the forces which are to administer and sustain it, Without determinate mar- Xets our production cannot proceed with intelligence or confidence. There ean be no easy or normal industrial eredits because there can be no con- fident or permanent revival of busi- mess. There can be no stabilizatien of wages because there can be no settled eondition of employment. Every element of normal. life amongst us depends upon and awaits the ratification of the treaty of peace. 8o we cannot afford to lose a single summer's day by not doing all that we can to mitigate the winter's suf- fering, which, unless we find means do prevent it, may prove disastrous %0 a large portion of the world, and may, at the worst, bring upon Europe conditions even more terrible than those brought by the war. itself. Only Doubts Prevail. - Nothing, I am led to believe, stands fn the way of the ratification of the treaty except doubts with regard.to #he meaning and implication of cer- tain articles of the covenant of the Ieague of nations; and I must frankly #ay that 1 am unable to understand why - such doubts should be enter- tained. You will recall that when I 3nd.the pleasure of a conference with your committee and with the commit- tee of the house of representatives.of foreign affairs at the-White House in March last, the questions now most frequently asked about the League of Nations were all canvassed, with a view to their immédiate clarification. Fhe covenant of the league-was then #a its first draft and subfect-to revi- wion. It was pointed out that no ex- press recognition was given to the XMonroe Doctrine, that it was, not ex- pressly provided that the -league should have no authority to.act @r to express a judgment on matters ¢f.do Sy fraw from the league. was not ex- pressly recognized: and ‘the constitu: tional rights of the Congress to deter- mine all questions of peace and war was not sufficlently safeguarded. On my return to Paris all these matters were taken up again by the commis- sion on the League of Nations and every suggestion of the United States was accepted. No Interference With Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is expressly mentioned as an understanding which 18 in no way to be impaired or inter fered with by anything contained in the covenant and the expression “regional understanding like the Mon- roe Doctrine” was used, not because. anyone of the conference thought there was any comparable agreement anywhere else in existence or in con- templation, but only because it was thought best to avoid the appearance of dealing in such a document with the policy of a single nation. Domestic Questions Exempt. ‘With regard to domestic questions Article XVI of the covenant expressly provides that, if in case of any dispute arising between wmembers of the' league. the matter involved is claimed by ome of the parties “and is found by the. council ta arise. out of a mat- ‘ter which by international law is sole- ly within the domestic jurisdiction of that party, the council support and shall make no recommendation as to its settlements.” . The United: States no means the only government ted in the explicit adoption of this proposition, and there is no doubt in the mind of any authoritative stu- dent of internktiondl’ liw that such matters as immigration, tariffs, and naturalization are incontestably do- mestic questions wills which no inter- national body could deal without ex- press authority to do so. Right to Withdraw. The right of any state to withdraw ha¢ been taken for granted but mo objection was made. to making it ex- Dlcit. So soon as the views ex- pressed at the White House confer- ‘ence were laid before the’commission, it was at once conceded that it was best not to leave the answer to so important a question to interference, no proposal wad made to set up any tribunal to pass judgment upon the question whether a withdrawing na- tion had in fact fulfilled “all its inter- national obligations and all its obli- gations under the covenant.” It was recognized that the question must be left to be resolved by the concern of the natiow proposing to withdraw; and I must say that it did not seem to me worth while to propose that the ar- ticle be made more explicit because I knew that the United States would never itself propose to withdraw from the league if its conscience was not entirely clear as to ¢he fulfillment of its international; obligation, it has never failed to fulfill them and never will. ) Article X is in no respect of doubt- ful meaning when read in the light of the covenant as a;whole. .. The.council. of the league -can’ only “advise-upon’ the means by which the obligations of that great article are . &1) ‘effect to “unless 'the” United "‘States™is a party to the policy or action in ques- tion, her own affiliative- vote in the council is necessary before any advice. can be given for a unanimous vote of the council is required. 1f she is a party, the trouble is hers anyhow, and the unanimous vote of the council is only advice in. any case, Each gov- pleases. Nothing could have been made more clear to the conferencs than the right of our Congress under our constitution to exercise its inde- pendent judgment in all matters of peace and war. No attempt was made to question or limit that right. The United States will undertake under Article X to “respect and preserve as against external aggression the terri- torial integrity and existing political independerce of all members of the league,” and that engagement consti- tutes a very grave and solemn moral. obligation. But it is a moral, not a legal obligation, and leaves our Con- gress absolu.ely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action. Article X seems to me to consti- tute the very backbone of the whole covenant. Without it the -league would be hardly more than an influen- tial debating society. Interpretations Acceptable. It has several times been suggested, in public debate and in private confer- ence, that interpretations of the sense in which the United States accepts the engagements of the covenant should be embodied in the instrument of ratification. There can be no rea- sonable objection to such interpreta- tions, which should not, however, con- stitute a part of the formal resolution of- ratification, long delays would be the inevitable consequence, inasmuch a8 all the many governments concern- ed would have to accept, in effect the language of the senate as the lan- guage of the treaty hefore ratifica- tion would be complete. The assent of the German assembly at Weimer would have to be obtained, among the rest, and:I must. frankly say that I could, .only with .the greatest reluct- ance, approach: that assembly for per- mission to read the treaty as we un- derstand it and as those who framed it quite certainly understand it. If the United States were to qualify the -document. in any way, moreover, I am confident from what I know of the many conferences and debates which accompanied the formulation of the treaty, that our example would imme- diately be followed in many quarters, in -some instances with very serious reservations, and “that the meaning and operative force of the treaty would presently be clouded from one end of its clauses to the other. ernment.. is . free -to--reject it if--it= | ! for market the process. of killing and picking was an individual matter. Some simply chopped off the. head, dipped the carcass in water heated to the steaming point to loosen the feathers, rubbed these. off, and, if-the weather | | | | THE BEMIDJI DALLY PIONEER WAYS TO PREPARE POULTRY Some Farmers Simply Chopped Off Heads and Dipped Carcass In Steam to Loosen Feathers. tion on Subject. (Prepared by d by the United Htates rte (Prepared by the Depai 24, ment of Agriculture.) When farmers prepared the poultry of Agriculture.) United States. cently issued that ‘was cool, kept the bird out of doors or in a well-ventilated room untfl it was taken to market. Poultry so prepared has a greatly shortened keeping time, and the eating quality s lowered even before decay has begun, because the desirable “ripening” that does so much to improve flesh does not occur. /P ST I A TNCITEY) The number of animals might be increased on many farms. the specles are ' given on pative pastures and ranges. Common Sense. . * ment of Agriculture.) vn:f:mm“:,’om’? 1?52,.';:.“? PIEs 18| )1 cripples should be killed imme- o . s . ' diately on being removed from nest or Oats may often be uged advanta- geously to form a part of the ration for brood sows. B s &0 Rye is not as good a feed for pigs as corn and should be ground and fed in the form of a slop. DR Sheep raising should be encouraged chiefly where the land and other con- ditions are suitable for it. * @ Drugs are relied upon by stockmen altogether too much for keeping ani- mals healthy and thriving: s time or feed on such. Production of Baby Beef. Subscribe for The Pioneer. OKE EVERY HEATING PURPOSE . HOW much of your coal do you carry to the asxhfiile in the form prod Al Hear.. of clinkers and slate? KO COKE 1l 'amount of powdery ash— not worth sifting. ASK YOUR FUEL DEALER Manufactured by Minnesota By Product Coke Co. St. Paul, Minn. Pioneer Publishing Co. Always at Your Service For Printing Needs Is there anything 'you need in the fol- lowing list? Envelope Enclosures Blanks : Sale Bills Notices Hand Bills Labels Price Lists Legal Blanks "~ Admission Tickets Menu Cards Business Cards Placards Window Cards Dodgers Time Cards Post Cards Note Heads Receipts Letter Heads Programs Coupons Leaflets Pamphlets Bill Heads Catalogues Calling Cards Circulars Statenients Posters Milk Tickets Blotters Meal Tickets Invitations Shipping: Tags Checks Announcements ‘Folders Briefs - Envelopes Notes Prompt, Careful and Efficient Attention Given to Every Detail - - - Job Printing OF A SUPERIOR QUALITY TELEPHONE NO. 922 'GRASSES OF UNITED STATES Qepartment of Agriculture In Recent Bulletin Gives Much Informa. the Ulited States Depart- 1t should be worth something to the farmer to know about all the species of grasses that are native, have been Introduced, or are cultivated in the The Unfted States ! department of agriculture has re- information Bulletin No. 772. Under each genus that are of economic importance, elther as use- ful or harmful grasses. The grains, of course, are of greatest importance. Next come those that are cultivated for meadow or pasture and other in- digenous species that furnish pasture CRIPPLES SHOULD BE KILLED Do Not i’lrmlt Sentiment or Tender- Heartedness to Overrule Good (Prepared by the United States Depart- incubator. Do not allow sentiment or tender-heartedness to overrute good business ability or common sense. ‘Weaklings and runts will not pay any dividends. Do noteinvest too much The proper care of the calves from birth to weaning time is just as essen- tial to the successful production of prime baby beef as the care and feed- ing from weaning to marketing time. hCmrrtheafneu Cannot Be Cured y local applications, ss they cannot reael the diseased portion of th:’ ear, = There l: only one way to curc catarrhal deafness, . and" that 14 "By a constitutional remedy. Catarrhal Deafness. is caumed by an in- | flamed condition of the mucous Iining' of the, Buatachlan: Tuhe, ' When. this: tube is inflamed you have a rumbling sound or fm- perfect fearing, and when it -is entively closed, Deafness ia the result. Unless the inflammation can be reduced and this tube restored to its normal condition, hearing will be deatroyed forever. Many oases of deafness are caused by catarrh, which is an inflamed: condition of the .mucous sur- faces. Hall's Catarrh Medicine acts thry Keep All Coops Open. - During hot weather be -sure that the coops for the chicks and the houses for the hens are kept well open, day and night, so that they will be as cool as possible. —_— Scarce as Dodo Birds. People who allow surplus fruits and vegetables to spoil in the garden in summer and buy canned garden prod- uets in winter will soon be as scarce as dodo birds. the ‘blood on the mucous surfaces.of the aysiem, 3 We will give One Hundred" Dollars foe any cage of Catarrhal Deafness that cannot re be. cured by Hall's Catarrh’ Medicine. . Cil sulars free. All Druzgists, 75c. Sunflower Silage. ¥. J. CHENEY & CQ.. Toledo, O. Dry land farmers are having success in ralsing sunflowers for silage, the sunflowers to be fed with corn. This crop 18 especially adapted to high val- leys. in The young calves. should be fed from buckets as clean as those used in handling the milk for human cons sumption. THE WANT YOU WANT TO GET YOU WANT - TO GET IT IN THE GREAT WANT GETTER, THE BEMIDJI PIONEER L Hogs stand confinement well and may be kept in pens or small pastures better than other animals rdised on the farm < IRESTONE records show that mileage adjustments ~ were so few and: trouble. came so seldom that a new basis of adjustments was arranged: FabricTires,6000 Miles Cord Tires, 8000 Miles Your dealer knows that the Firestone Gray Sidewall Tires have delivered such mileage as to make this new standard adjust- ment more conservative-than the old standard was for ordinary tires, Tirestone TIRES Most Miles per Dollar 'N making a selection for your busi- ness stationery be sure that the ‘paper measures up to the standard of yoursuccess. The superior quality of BERKSHIRE = | TYPEWRITER | is immediately evident to all who see them. : They will lend to your business || correspondence that quiet dignity 1 ) 7 which goes with assured success. o ASK YOUR DEALER . ! If He Does Not Have It in Stock } Have Him Telephone 799-J ' : PIONEER STATIONERY HOUSE BEMIDJI, MINN. Wholesalers Defective