Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, March 19, 1917, Page 3

HOLY GITY’S GATES Christians May Again Govern After Many Genturies, RULED FROM 1099 TO 1187 Kingdom Established by Crusaders Un- der Godfrey de Bouillon Endured For 78 Years—Fighting With Neighbor- ing Heathen Tribes—Christians Who Lived and Died by Sword. England was aroysed to a high pitch of enthusiasm over the prospect of cap- turing Jerusalem, the ancient capital of Palestine and the city of the Holy Sepulcher, which was last held by the English in the time of Richard I. The British forces that swept the Turks from the Sinai peninsula were reported at EI Chalil, the ancient Hebron, about fifteen miles from the venerable city of David. In the Holy Land the British, fol- lowing in a general way the route of the children of Israel, passed by Mount Sinai and pressed upon Je- rusalem. Along the Tigris they have left behind the ruins of Nineveh, flank- ed the dusty mounds of Babylon and are almost before the gates of Bagdad, where Haroun-Al-Raschid pursued his +nightly prowling in the childhood of the racé. And the Russians, surging down from the Persian plateau, are follow- ing the path of the three wise men toward Bethlehem. Christians Ruled 800 Years Ago. With the falling of Jerusalem into British hands the Holy City will be ruled by Christinns for the first time since 1291. _ It was in 1099 that the crusaders, after’ many _hardships and bitterly fought battles, entered Jerusalem and went solemnly to service in the Church of the Holy Scpulcher and praised God. They made Godfrey of Bouillon king of Jerusalem, and it is characteristic of the poetry that was in some of these crusaders that he refused to wear a crown, pleading it was unseemly that he wear a crown of gold in the city where his Saviour had once worn a crown of thorns. Godfrey ruled one year, and it was a turbulent one. A large number of crusaders started home when they bad fulfilled their vows in taking the holy city, and God- frey made a ruling that any Frankish noble who took an estate and held it for a year and a day should acquire title to it. His kingdom, won by war- fare, survived in the same way. In- cursions into neighboring Saracen ter- ritory brought back plunder and made it possible to pay soldiers, and in a country which was rocky and arid a living was not to be won from the soil. Nor had the crusaders come to the Holy Land to farm. Their prowess was the prowess of the sword, and if they were to endure in the midst of Moslem neighbors it was essential that they keep those Moslem mneighbors fairly well terrorized. Baldwin Made King. Godfrey died at the end of a year and was succeeded by his brother, Baldwin, Baldwin, a large and hand- some man, who could never be faithful to one wife for long, had mno scruples about wearing a gold crown. And as soon as he was crowned he set off to show the heathen and his enemies that he deserved the kingship, He added territory to his little kingdom. He ruled for eighteen years. And you get a quaint gleam of the commercialism that was sometimes mixed up with “holy wars” when you read that he made a treaty with a shipload of . Genoese pilgrims at Joppa that if they would help him in one of his cam- paigns they could have a third of all the loot. A battle at a place called Ramla dur- ing Baldwin’s reign is interesting not only because, when the fight seemed to be going against him Baldwin agreed to patch up a quarrel he had with the patriarch of Jerusalem and received absolution on the field, but because of the incentive he gave his troops before- hand. E Lived and Died by Sword. “Fellow soldiers of the cross,” he cried, waving his lance and pennon, “let us fight for Christ’s glory. If there be cowards among us who fear yonder vast herd of Moslem dogs (they out- -numbered him about ten to one) let them remember before they fly that Pales- tine has no refuge for us if we are :.conquered and that France is very far -off.” Baldwin’s last illness came upon him while he was on an expedition into Egypt, where he died. The story of the “Latin kingdom of Jerusalem” is one that repeats itself with slight variations. Always with an absurdly small force to hold the country, re-enforced periodically when a wave of enthusiasm swept over Eu- rope and sent out a new crusade,, the monarchs of the Holy Sepulcher fought Turks, Arabs, Greeks by turn and found time to make war on one another in between. Alliances between Christian princes and Moslem emirs were not in- | frequent when the first fierce zeal of the soldiers of the cross wore off, and oriental luxury and vices played their part in degrading some of the princes. Miracles, butchery, courage and devo- tion are all mixed up cuiiously in the chronicles of the time, and these men who lived by the sword more ofter -died by it than otherwise. -f\;- L A | -{ w I RERXRSE _—m— 9, A N e -G“%$ =N T Ci -— W) Hl4, 1832, X f B e e “MY COUNTRY 1S OF THEE” A y R Tk The Rev Samuel F. Smith, whose portrait appears above, wrete ““America’’ on the suggestion of Lowell Mason, the Boston composer, upon the latter’s return to America from England, with an old air Upon his arrival he sought Mr Smuth, then a young man, who had written several hymns, and asked him to write words to the air. complied and forgot the incudent until he heard the song rendered by children in the Park Stree{ Congregational church, Boston, on July TUSETH SCHOOL OF MUSIC . 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Phone now for a supply. Everyfirstclass dealer sells them. Sunkist Uniformly Good Oranges California FruitGrowersExchange He Roumanian Courtesy. The Roumanians are among the hand- somest races in Europe, but that, says a correspondent of the London Tele- graph, is only a rt of their fascina- tion. Some cnthusiast has said that the ladics of Bukharest *“combine the beauty of the Hungarian, the grace of the Austrian and the wit and style of the Parisian.” But still we have not all the truth. It is the distinction and kindliness of the manners of Bukharest which mark it out among the cities of the world. No one ever found there nounced the earth, 2ud the ter of but a high bied dis «A] things are possible,” quoted the parlor philosopher. “«Except some people,” added the mere man.—Life. MOTHERS <= Should see that the whole fam- ily takes at least three or four doses of a thoro, purifying, sys- tem-cleansing, medicine this spring. Now is the time. 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