Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, January 9, 1915, Page 4

DAIRY an? CREAMERY WATER FOR DAIRY COWS. Ik Cattle Require Large Supply. Warm the Drink In Winter. Has proper provision been made for supplying water for the dairy herd? Is the water supply convenient and within easy reach of the cows? Professor Eckles gives in his book, “Dairy Cattle and Milk Production.” some very interesting esamples of the, water requirements for cows in milk, A record of the water drunk by Mis wouri Chief Josephine for a seven day period one month after calving shows that the average daily milk production was 102 pounds and the average daily water drunk was 250 pounds. A ten day average for two Jerseys was milk 26.8 pounds daily, water drunk 77.3 pounds for one and milk 13.3 pounds and a water reqnirement of 40.3 In color Dutch Belted cattle are invariably black, with a white band of varying width about the “body In front of the hips, rarely reach- ing the shoulders. Sometimes this band narrows to even a foot in width or less, and again other specimens have it as a wide blank- et. The fore part of the udder of the cow is also often white. In udder conformation and develop- ment these cows are rather infe- rlor, the size being comparatively small, the fore udder abbreviated and the teats placed too closely to- gether. The dairy importance of Dutch Belted cattle Is its principal value, aside from the ornamental. pounds for the other. An animal on maintenance would not require any- thing like this amount of water. The cause of so large a water con- sumption is the amount of water nec- essary for the milk itself and the large quantities of dry feed eaten, much of which is hay, fodder or other dry roughage. If the water supply is not easily ac- cessible or if it requires a large amount of labor to furnish it each day. the tendency will be to give the cows less than their work demands. There is probably no better water supply than a good deep well. Freshly pumped water will come nearer fulfilling the ideal requirements than any other ‘This is not always practicable, and it becomes necessary to use a tank. In cold climates tank water should be beated to at least somewhat above freezing—50 to GO degrees would prob- ably be best—before the cows are al: lowed to drink. It will pay to keep sharp watch over this water question and see that the cows are not allowed to be neglected in this important item.-Hoard's Dairy- man. KEEP THE OLD COWS. Good Dairy Animals Valuable For the Calves They Produce. There is a tremendous loss to the dairy industry in this state as in other states, we think, because of the sale of elght or nine year old cows, says the Kansas Farmer. These are sold because they are considered as having arrived at an age when they are no longer use- ful In the dairy. A ten or twelve year old cow which bhas not been overfed should be a profitable producer of milk if she has ever been profitable. 1t is to be recalled that Maid Henry, the famous Holstein of the Kansas Ag- ricultural college, established a world’s record in ber thirteeuth year. Cows of good breeding at this age are worth keeping for their offspring even though they are not profitable producers of milk. The old cow is frequently sold at a low price and at a real sacrifice. The owner will the uext day pay two or three times as much money for a younger cow of no better breeding. To make an exchange of this sort is fool- hardy. A cow of good breeding and a liberal producer is worth keeping as long as she can eat well. After she passes this age. when it becomes nec- essary to sell her, she will bring as wuch money without teeth as with them, because she goes to the cannery Sweet and Sour Cream. There are many people who believe that sour cream tests Jess than sweet cream. If more people held this belief the probabilities are that less sour cream would be marketed than at pres- ent. The only correct method of test ing eream is to arrive at the sample to be tested by weight. If this method Is employed then a sample of the cream taken when sweet will test identical with that taken when the cream has become sour. It .is a fact that it re- quires slightly more sour cream to weigh a given quantity than it does of sweet cream of the same density In the old days. when the sample for test- Ing was determined by measurement. then the man who sold sour cream re ceived a little lower test than was coming to him In these days all np to date creameries and cream receiving stations weigh the sample preparatory to testing. Mr. and Mrs. W. Helmer of Deer Lake were in the city today between trains. Their son, Earl Helmer, who has been very ill for the past several weeks, suffering with an abscess on the Tungs, is much improved. tional standard of health and purity for radium. Read Pioneer Want Ads. DISPOSAL OF Y SEWAGE A Problem of Great Conss- quence For Municipal Healih. BASED ON GIVIC- SGIENGE. A Comprehensive and Official Drainage System Should Be the First Work of the City Planner, and Due Allowance Must Be Made For Increasing Fa- cilities With Increased Population. Of the indispensable elements in the planning of a city sewers are among the most important, says Frank Koester, author of “Modern City Planning and Maintenance.” Baumeister in estab- lishing the theory of city planning gave them an equal value with streets and trattie. A comprebensive and eflicient sew- age drainage system must therefore be the first work of the city planner, and due allowance and provision must be miade for increasing such facilities as the city grows in population. It is, in- deed, scarcely possible for any one who has not lived through a serious strike of garbage removal employees to un- derstand what the immediate removal of waste material means to a city and scarcely possible for one who has to overestimate its importance. The character and size of the sewage system adopt- | Jdepends on the loca- tion of the city and the natural condi- tiens and methods to be adopted in dis- posal of the sewage. ‘The proper disposal of the sewage I3 one of great consequence, since epi- SEWAGE PLANT AT PHILADELPHIA. demics are frequently caused by im- proper disposal, especially in the case of discharge into rivers or lowlands. 1t is impossible to lay down any hard and fast rules as to which system of sewage disposal is the best., since a system suitable for one city will not answer the requirements of another. The commerce and industries of a city, the nature of eets and traffic and other factors wake the problem one which requires the most careful con- ration and one in the solution of h only the most experienced engi- acquainted with the progress of ience of waste disposal in the most progressive countries, should be retained. Sewage disposal is in reality a new science, and great advancement has been made in the last few decades, principally abrond. so that every ad- vantage should be taken of modern developments in the planning of a V's sewer system. Cities which are located on a large and swift flowing river may without risk discharge their sewage directly into the stream if proper precautions are taken. The self purifying power of water is usually underestimated, especially that of rivers. The presence in river water of a certain amount of oxygen, necessary for saturation. will effect the mineralization and gasification of considerable quantities of putrescible substances. by means of biological processes which rapidly develop when such substances are present. These operations precipitate a sludge on the bottom of the river which is as barm- less as silt. while the gases are emit- ted at the surface. If too large a quantity of sewage, however, is emp- tied into a river. the odor emitted will make the river banks uninbabita- ble, while the sludge will accumulate and clog the channel of the river and the process of the self purification of the water will not be completed be- fore it reaches a lower clty and causes contamination at that point. Depending on the nature of the city’s streets and the nature of the sewage to be removed. a single or a double sewage system may be adopted. In the latter form one sewer is for rain water and the other for strong sewage. The rain water sewer Is for carrying off rain water from the buildings and streets. while the other is for tollets, factory waste, ete. By Hal Sheridan (United Press) NeW York, Jan. 9.—Jess Willard, the big Kansan scheduled to mingle | with John Arthur Johngon at Juarez, European scientists are trying to; . determine and establish an interna- Mexico, in a battle for the- heavy- ‘weight championship- of the world, may be no match for the black man but he at least is the best wmte prespect in- sight. The *“White Hope” crop still looks like it has for aeveral years past— decidedly poor—but the big Wester- ner appears to have a good edge over any of the rest of the white fighters as an opponent for Johnson. If the champion beats Willard the hunt for a man to whip thé negro might as well stop. Or at least a new crop will have to come up for inspection. Frank Morgan, the Pittsburgh fighter who went against the black man in Paris, never was conceded a chance with Johnson. He was simpjy ‘“picked” by the black and forced down the throat of the sporting pub- lie. Looking back over the ecrop of ‘“Hopes” of the past few years Wil- lard looms up rather well. Carl Morris, Jim Stewart, Al Palzer, Luth- er McCarty, Arthur Pelky and Gun- boat Smith form about the most for- midable of them, Morris never did| approach a serious stage, Stewart soon blew up. Palzer fell before Me- Carty who was later killed in a bout with Pelky. MecCarty was about the best of the bunch and the critics wouldn’t even concede him an out- side chance with Johnson. Pelky was ‘a dismal failure and Gunboat Smith has recently taken several beatings. All in all, Willard looks like a long hope, and it is pretty certain that few fortunés will be waged on his chances of winning. He is big and probably will stack up well against Johnson in size. He has a “punch” too but there is considerable doubt as to whether he has enough ability to land it on the negro. Many critics declare that Johnson will simply toy with Wilard. SUNDAY IN mmum Icolmnuu on 1ast page) the series on the Kingdom of God. Senior B. Y. P. U. at 6:30 p. m. Sub- ject—Our Denominational Boards and Our Relation to Them. Leader, H. E. Rice. m. The B.'Y. P. U. business meet- ing will be held at the home of H. W. VanDervort next Tuesday evening at 7:30. Election of officers will take place at this meeting. The an- nual ‘roll call and banquet of the church will be held next Thursday evening at the church. Banquet at 7:30, followed by roll call and pro- gram. A cordial invitation is' ex- tended to everyone to attend the ser- vices. 1. D. Alvord, pastor. Gospel service at 7:30 p.| TABDITIONAL - WANTS| TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY B T o NI OU e I | ‘WANTED—Work of any kind. John Spell, Office. MultiKopy CARBON PAPER Any Color 108 Sheets to Box PRICE $3.00 BEMIDJI PIONEER PUB. CO. 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