Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, October 23, 1914, Page 4

B ver, Scientific Farming GREEN ' MANURE CROPS. WNecessary to Increase and Preserve Fertility of Land. [Prepared by the United States depart- ment of agriculture.] To increase and preserve the fertility of his land is one of the chief prob- lems of the farmer who looks more than a year or two into the future. For this purpose barnyard manure is unquestionably the best agent, for it retains from 75 per cent to 90 per cent of all the fertilizing substance con- tained in the food given to the animal. ‘Were it possible, indeed, to feed the entire product of any farm to live stock and ré&urn the resulting manure to the soil, the fertility of such a farm could be maintained indefinitely. It is true that a small amount of potash and phospherus would be absorbed in the live stock and taken from tbe farm when they were sold. but the loss from this source would be small. Unfortunately this system is very rarely possible in practice. The mar- ket demand for live stock is not suffi- cient to make it profitable to keep enaugh animals on the farm to furnish the amount of fertilizer the land re- quires. This, of course, is especially true of regions where stock raising is carried on only to a small extent. In such regions the humys needed must be furnished by other means, and the most satisfactory way of doing this is to plow under some leguminous crop as a green manure. There are fifteen legumes that are more or less extensively grown in the TUnited States. The comparative value of these crops varies, of course, accord- ing to climatic and other conditions; but in the approximate order of their importance they may be ranked as fol- UNDERPLOWING S80Y BEANS. lows: Red clovér, alfalfa, cowpeas, al- sike. clover. crimson clover, white clo- field peus. soy beapns, peanuts. veteh, bur clover, Japan clover, sweet clover and velvet.beans. The most important object achieved by the use of any of these green ma- nure crops is the addition of humus to the soil - Other things being equal. the best green manure crop is that which furnishes the largest amount of ma- terial to decay in the soil. The essen- tial : fertilizing substances thus added are nitrogen. phosphorus and potash. In addition to the fertilizing value of 1hese crops, they are all useful as feed. It is therefore unquestionably better practice to feed as much as the live stock on the farm can consume and then distribute the resulting manure over the land than to plow under the whote crop. The chief objection to a green manure crop 1s the fact that or dinarily it takes the place o @ regu- lar crop, and. in cousequence, for that | season at least, the Iand yislds no in | come, By utilizing to the fuliest pos- | * sible extent the feed value of the erop the force of this vbjection is lessened. Because of the loss ¢f income green manuring cannot be reommended for all soils and all times. 1t is. however, of such importance that icultural authorities have in recent years devot- ed considerable time to an endeavor to increase its genera! use. In particul crimson clover, vetch. cowpeas and bur clover are becoming more and nmre popular. From an agricultural point of view the legumes are -commonly classified into three groups: (1) Summer annuals, including cowpeas. soy beans, peanuts, beans. velvet beans und in the north common vetch and field peas; (2) win- ter annuals, including crimson clover. bur clover, hairy vetch and in the south common vetch and tield peas; (3) biennijals or perennials. among which ! are red clover.. white clover, sweet clover, alsike clover and alfalfa. - Few of these crops can be grown ex- cept in a more or less (efinitely limit- ed area. Before “determining, there- fore, which to plant the farmer will do.well to consult hix state experiment station. It must also Le remembered that inoculation of the =oil is an es- sential for these legumes and scientific advice on this point is desirable. Make a Compost Heap. A veritable gold mine above ground is the up to date compost heap. Every gardener if be be wise will have one. Lawn mowings. leaves. weeds. refuse from ‘the house. smrbige. feathers. old shoes, soap water. hones. sand, woolen rags, wood ashes. lime. plaster, sod, _straw, etc., begin a life of llsetume_-u in “the compost heap A want ad will sell it for you. AN AGRICULTURAL CRIME. Farmers are committing the same old crime in a good many sections this fall through the.- . practice of setting fire to straw and burning it to ashes in order to “get it out of the way.” Oat straw and svheat straw are go- ing up-in clouds of smoke on a lot of farms. - g There are some sections where a man would be regarded \yeab minded for doing such a thing. Wherever the wehther has been unfavorable and crops are short people are planning to use that straw for feeding purposes. Oat straw is sold in every big feed market in the country, and it is sold for feed too. We ought to keep that before us when we are tempted to go out and put a match to some irregular straw pile. Cattle will go bungry in some sections ' this winter for lack of enough of this same oat straw that we are sending up in smoke to get it off the ground. In the grain sections there is a world of straw that might be baled and sold, scattered over the fields as a manure. fed or used as bedding. Of course everybody is not burning the straw, for there are a great many who know about its value. They un- derstand that they are burning up just so.much of the value of the land when they do it.—Farm Progress. 2 A 02 D e T STORING VEGETABLES. How Various Vegetables May ‘Be Pre- served For Winter Use. [Prepared by New York State College of Agriculture.] It is now time for the home gardener to think of properly caring for the sur- plus in the garden. Many home grow- ers have planned on-having a sufficient supply of choice vegetables during the winter. These vegetables will have to be stored in order that they may be preserved. Onions and squash should be piaced where there is sufficient heat and dry- ness to prevent any possible decay heated room in the house or a par. arrow. Put a cross mark (X) opposite the constitutional amends| ments you wish to vote lor in the squares indicated by the| the attic’ where heat may be supplied ‘will answer. The T00t crops—parsnips. corrots, beets, salsify and turnips—areé “best buried- n sofl. A wood sandy loam s excellent.' Place'a layer of soil in the bottom of u ‘barrél*or a box. then a layer of the rootS, a layer of soil, a layer of roots:'and so on. ' If the quantity of root ‘crops is:ilarge | k enough. the roots may be stored in a pit outside the house. _Cabbages may be stored in the hot- bed pit, or they may-be stored in the garden by placing a little straw on the ground, removing the cabbages. roots and all, from their location and splacing them head downward on this straw. A layer of cabbages four plants wide and of indefinite length, with another layer over it three placts wide, all covered with straw and soil, will cause the cabbages to keep in the very best condition, especially if a lo- cation is chosen where ample drain- season. animal. feed this fall or winter. John L. Tormey of the TJniversitv of i Wisconsin agricultural experiment sta- tion is urging cattle feeders to Jook for | the following characteristics in animals wlnch they intend-to finish for the" mkr- “Steers if they iare to- make profit- able gains in the feed lot. must have beef characteristics, a wide. strong back and a large heart girth. * “They must have a strong frame and plenty of room for the vital organs, for an animal with a weak constitution cannot hold-up through the feeding “The skin should be reasonably thick age is possible. The whole aim in the | S0ft and covered by a heavy coat of storage of vegetables is to prevent hair. sudden freezing and thawing: to give ventilation enough so that the prod- uct may keep well; to give moisture enough to some crops so that shrinking will be done away with, and with oth- er crops to give heat enough so that they will not suffer by excessive mois- ture. Use of Wooden Crates. About the most handy things on the farm during the time of harvesting be. potatoes, onions and fruits are the light wooden crates which are made for handling such crops. Some of these crates are made so that they are collapsible, and fifty or 100 of them can be stored in a small corner when empty or can be sb}c!{ed in the barn and stored away there for next season when no longer needgd. Demtmeomtmtmomsms—smtmsms—ss—s—smsoss-t-omeme-O) t “FEEDER” CATTLE. | B s O] pacity. change in “The animal should have.a straight back and low set appearance. due to the depth of body and short legs.” HOUSING POULTRY. Remember that most cases of colds and roup 4re incurred in the fall because birds are mnot housed as early as they should Fowls are timid in new quarters and are prone to crowd and huddle together on the roosts .and drop boards. they become .overheated at night only to be chilled when they sep- arate in the morning. excellent plan, therefore, to house a few at ftirsg and as soon they feel at home add a few more un- - til the pen has received its ca- In this way It is’ an It is an accepted fact that any location affects the laying stock. Therefore in order to induce early laying the pullets should be put in permaneat win- ter quarters two or three weeks before they are expected to ma- ture.—A. C.-Smith. Poultryman. Minnesota- Experiment Station. rdedodobeoiedeioieleiedbelodedodeddededoodeodededs . That fish may be boiled thorough- How to select steers thnt.wfll make |1y without losing their form is the and - return substantia! purpose of a new wire basket. \ e et Ko ¢ = ¥ ¥ N ¥ ¥ FIRST— A provision for direet legislation by the the initiative and referendum, being an amendment to Sec- tion One (1), Article Four (4), of the State Constitution. —NO| t —YES SECOND—Amendment of Section Two (2), Article Six (6), Con- stitution, increasing the number of asgociate justices of the supreme court from four (4) to six (6) and providing that no i statute shall be held unconstitutional by less than five (5) Jjudges, and that the clerk shall be appointed by the court. : . —NO —YES THIRD—Amendment to Section Two (2), of Article Eight (8), of the Constitution, setting apart a revolving fund from the school and swamp land funds ‘to be used in constructing A roads, ditches and fire breaks in, through and around unsold o school and swamp lands. - N —NO| —X; ES | FOLRTH—REpeahng Section Eleven (11), Article Niae (2), of the Constitution of the State of Minnesocta, providing for th, publication in a St. Paul newspaper annua]ly the report | 7 the state treasurer. B , 2 —NO| | 1 —YES | FIFTH—Amendment to Section Six (6), of Article Eight (8), of < the Constitution reiating to the investment of school funds [ and authorizing the investment and loaning of school funds | ; " on improved farm land within the state. ; —NO 1 - | o —YES | o SIXTH—Amendment to Section Seven (7), Article Six (6), of the | 5 Constitution of the State of Minnesota, providing for exten- jom ‘ sion of the term of oflice of the probate judge to four (4) (g years. ) —NO| < m = x —YES| o SEVENTH—Amendment of Secuan Two (2), of Article Four (4), of the Constitution, relating to the number of members of el id] the senate and house of representatives and the basis of apportionment thereof. Z —NO| 3 —YES| EIGHTH—Amendment of Article Nine (9), of the Constitution Eiver relating to the payment of tree bounties by the state. 3 —NO| —YES| NINTH—State Forests—A provision to authorize the use of 3 ‘certain state lands for state forests, being an amendment |t “to Article 8 of the Constitution. 7 ! —NO| —YES| TENTH—Amendment to Article Seven (7), of the Constitution, providmg for the recall ot public officials. —NO| o - —YES| ELEVENTH—Amendment to Article Nine (9), of the Constitu- _tion of the State of Minnesota, providing for the tion % » of dogs and from the fund derived from such tax, auth ¥ 3 ‘payment of the sustained by the owners of other - domestic xnlmxls’by reason of injuries caused by dogs. 7 = 5 A S e A e e e % b 3 4% “A wide head and muzzle, which usually indicate good feeding qualities. “Short legs. heavy hind quarters and arched ribs are essential in the teedmg FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1914, 3 1 welghing up to mu Ibs. % x4 ’ with Moore Push Devices, | > ¥ will not disfigure walls . |Moore Push-P 7 Sold In \ BEMIDJI AT THE Bsmld Pioneer Office SUPPLY STORE STATE BALLOT Put a Cross Mark (X) opposite the Name of Each' Candidate You Wish to Vote for in the Squares \ Indicated by the Arrow. | Governor—WILLIAM E. LEE—Republican. Governor—WINFIELD S. HAMMOND—Democrat. Governor—TOM J. LEWIS—Socialist. « ) - 154 Governor—WILLIS G. CALDERWOOD—Prohibition. ' E 3 % g Governor—HUGH T. HALBERT—Progressive. ® Governor—HERBERT JOHNSON—Industrial Labor. Governor— * L’ieutenant-Governor—J. A. A. BURNQUIST—Republican. Lieutenant-Governor—CHARLES M. ANDRIST—Democrat, ' g Lieutenant-Governor—ANDREW HANSON—Socialist. -3 : g Lieutenant-Governor—A. W. PIPER—Prohibition. o % B — @ Lieutenant-Governor—JAMES F. SPENCER-Progressive. T Lieutenant-Governor— Secretary of State—JULIUS A. SCHMAHL‘—Republican. ¥ Szcrenry of State—NELS NELSON BERGHEIM—Democrat. § 8 Secretary of State—I. M. KALNES—Préhibition. 5 g 53 (=] Secretary of State—JOHN C. LEWIS—Progressive. H Secretary of State— State Auditor—JACOB A. O. PREUS—Republican. State Auditor—ANDREW ]J. RUSH—D.emocrat.' °< : & State Apditor—T. A. THOMPSON—Socialist. _o:' : g State Auditor—WILL CURTIS—Progressive. @ State Auditor— State Treasurer—WALTER j. SMITH—Republican. State Treasurcr—E. M. ENGELBERT —Democrat. . NASH—Socialist. State Treasurer—]. E. oUQ 10 8307 State Tre;surer-—‘P‘ G. JACOBSON—Progressive. State Treasurer— B —— e e Attorney’ General—LYNDON A. SMITH—Republican. Attorney General—NEIL M. CRONIN—Democrat. Attorney General—A. V. RIEKE—Progressive. euQ 0§ 9J0A Attorney General— e ———————————————————————————————————— Agrociate fimice } —GEORGE L. BUNN—Non-Partisan. s Fren = @ Assaciate Justice]__ALBERT JOHNSON—Non-Partisan. :,6,; Associate Justice E Supreme Court. Clerk Supreme Court—IRVING A. CASWELL—Republican. oug . 203 9307 Clerk Supreme Court— ninuu'..; Warehouse] _0, P. B. JACOBSON—Republican. Railroad and Warchouse} 1 OREN A. SMITH—Democrat. Raflroad and Warehouse };WILLIAM HOKANSON—Prohibition. 6UQ 10} 804 Railroad and Warehouse }