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BLACK LETTERS AND WHITE Former ls Better Because It Can Be Read at a Greater Distance Than the Latter. There is a tendency on the part of | railroads to adopt signs with white letters on a black background, not realfzing that the black letter on a white background is easier to read and can be seen at a greater dis- kance. This follows in an interesting way from the structure of the retina of the eye. i The impression of a letter at the limit of vision is received on - the ends of a small bundle of nerves which convey to the brain a sort of mosaic impression. A nerve can only transmit to the brain informa- tion as to wether or not a ray of light is falling upon it, and when a nerve {8 partly in the light and partly in darkness the sensation is the same as though all of it was in the light. It follows, therefore, according ta the Scientific: American. that all nerves on the dividing edge between any black and white area transmit the sensation of light so that all white lines and' white "areas appear ‘wider and all black llnes and black @areas appear narrower than they real- 1y are. . Black letters grow thinner at the Hmit of vision and are still recogtiiz- able, while at the .same distance white letters grow thicker and cannot be distinguished. There are circum. stances when it is necessiry to use white letters, but in such cases legk bility will be improved if they are made with a thin stroke and strong ly lighted. Black letters are miore distinet if made with a heavy strokqi INOGI ORDERED TO MARRY Japanese Hero Took Bride Practically at the Command of His Su- perior Officer. The Countess Nogi was a woman ng less remarkable in many ways than |her. famous husband. The circumstan. :ces of her marriage with Nogi, when e was a brilllant young officer, arq unusual in the extreme, especially in Japan. ' She was the daughter of Sadayoki ‘Yoi, and one day she was sitting in ‘the window of her father’s house in ‘Tokyo watching the troops march ‘past, when she saw a gallant young officer in command and immediately fell in love with him. Her father found it out and found out who the officer was, and later Nogi was ap iproached to bring about a match. He would not hear of it, as he had dedicated his life to the nation and did mot.intend to marry. - But the young lady would not endure this attitude, | and her father approached one of the high officers, a superior of Nogi's, and this officer fell in. with the idea af| jonce, saying the match would be most suitable .and it was just what Nogi 'should do. The word was given from above to ‘the young officer, and Nog{ practically ; marrfed Miss Yoji at the command of his superior officer. The union turned | out to be an ideal one, as the subse- quent history of the pair and their two ‘brave sons has proved. The Count and Countess Nogi are regarded by the na. tion as the most exemplary couple that | could be found anywhere. She was every inch as much a Samurai as hae | ‘was.—Tokyo correspondence of Lon- don Standard. i ‘ L, Unused Doors. With slight trouble and small ex-! bense an unused coor may be most advantageously éonverted into a book- case by having a carpenter set up a. vertical board on each side of the | door-jamb and upon these boards—to | the saving of the door-frame itselt— nail the cross-piece upon which the book-shelyes are to rest. Then have your woo'dwurk,palnted or stained to | match the door behind it, and hang a | curtain of canton flannel, denim, or a | more ornamental and servicable ma- | terial from a rod fastened just inside | the door-jambs, if the recess be good and deep; if shallow, as the door-set- | tings are apt to be in our newer ! houses, have the rod fastened across the outside of the door-recess. A | door thus treated will accomodate & i surprising number of books, | —_———— i b Cast-iron Magnets. The difficulty of making good cast. fron permanent magnets has bnn} overcome by a very simple process. | The iron casting, after being machined to the required dimensions, is heated | in a gas.furnace until the'iron can just | be handled without distortion through | softening, It is then plunged in a chemical bath, which removes superfluous ma- terials and leaves the iron -clean. "Fi- nally, il is magnetized' by means of ' electric coils. In gtrength of field, cast-iron mag- | nets are from ten to fifteen per cent. inferior to those of steel, but they are equal in magnetic permanence, and cost, for intricate patterns, only ome- balf 28 much as steel magnets. Halrpin ‘Box. One may obtain the most charming snd at once the most useful hairpin box which has been shown for many a day. It is made entirely of dark tortois shell and stands about three inches high and five inches long. The little top opens to hold one size hair- pins, and, without closing this, there may be opened at the same time two lower trays, in the manner of bureau drawers. It will distinctly appeal to the woman who must dress in a hurry’ and for whom attractive toilet -artl. tles have a strong claim. Isent it to the public just before or, | day and Sunday with Mrs. Ole Gryt—! | vited. THE CUB REPORTER BOWLING CONTEST CLOSE The bowling tournament at the Gillette bowling alley is still in full swing with Monte Brown, George Paquin and. Irish Miller crowding { George Donaldson for first. The tournament will close Christmas and the prizes awarded Christmas eve- ning. Two more prizes for high score will also be awarded Christmas eve- ning. Nat Given at present holds high score, having bowled 216. Hospital Notes. Mrs. J. T. Tuomy who was operated | on for appendicitis a few weeks ago, has recovered sufficiently to leave the hospital. George Voltz was taken to the hos- pital with a ruptured appendix. He will be operated upon tomorrow. H. Peterson of Blackduck, is con- fined with an infected knee. Martha Schwartz was operated on yesterday for appendicitis. C. H. Schneider of Northome, was operated on for hernia yesterday. John Olson was operated on yes- terday for varicose veins. John Smith will be operated on to- morrow for varicose veins, George Williams, who was badly injured in a knife affair in camp No. 10 is improving and if complications do not set in will probably be able to leave the hospital in about a week. J. Galliger of Bemidji, was taken to the hospital yesterday with a bad- 1y smashed knee. An operation will be necessary and it will be some time before the patient will be able to be around again. ECKLES. A daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Barnard: Gibney on Dec. 10. The baby and her mother are both doing nicely. SAUM SCHOOL NOTES. The primary and classes are busy preparing Christmas program, Glenn Squires has been unable to attend school the past week on ac- count of sickness. The Saum high school students are spending their spare moments on a; play entitled, “The Village Postof- fice.” They expect to be able to pre- their | immediately after the holidays. Syrest Dokken and daughter, Mabel, visited school on Monday. The work in the school is running; along smoothly. Everybody seems to be determined to do his best. | is also evidence of a fine class spirit and loyalty to the school. —Olaf Bones. TAMARACK. 0. G. Miller was transacting busi- ness in Kelliher on Tuesday. Miss Lundgren of Superior, has; been employed to teach the Moose Creek school. P. Sarff spent a few days last week in Funkley, and Bemidji, on business. | Miss Petrine Ruskjer spent Satur- bak. Peter Westlund and daughter, Martha, spent a few days last week in Kelliher. . Mrs. Olson is visiting her daughter, Mrs. 0. J. Norman. The Tamarack Sunday school, is making preparations for an enter- taniment and Xmas tree, on Tuesday evening, Dec. 24, at the home of Mrs. P. Sarfi. Everybody are cordially in- PINEWOOD. The auction given by the Norweg- jan Ladies’ Aid at Fram hall Satur- day, was well attended and a large sum of money was netted for benefit of the church to be built soon. Harry Lindgren had the misfor- tune of spraining his wrist while un- loading hay. Mrs. B. Roen, the Misses Anna and Martha Roen, spent Monday in Be- midji. Hans Kirkvold and son transacted business in Bemidji Monday. | morous questions put to, witnesses by intermediatel; There || ed Monday from Solway-where they assisted the orchestra of that: place. Mrs. Ousley, daughter-and sons; of | Aure, spent Saturday in B’emid‘ji Guy Miller moved his saw mill ‘to Pinewood last week and’ P’?fi, begun work. i b Mr..and Mrs. J. Fullerton of Be- midji, arrived here Monday and will spend a'few days with the Steve Nel- son family. . EVIDENTLY HIS FIRST CASE| Young Attorney Considerably “Rat- | tled,” and the Court Indulged In a™ | Little Laughter. Several prominent attorneys . were discussing the peculiar and rather hu- young -attorneys entering upon their legal work, and one of the number vouched for the authenticity of this in- cident: ) <o “I went up to the superior civil court one day to hear a young friend of mine try his first case. All his rel- atives and friends were there and tlig novice wore a most serious expression. 88 he started to question a witness, He did nicely until he asked the man: “‘Did you have a contract. with the plaintiff?” “‘Yes,’ replied witness. “‘What kind of a contract was it? “‘An oral one,’ replied the witness. “‘Will you please produce it?" “The witness stood stalk still star- ing at the attorney and then looked at the judge, inquiringly. There was a ripple of laughter throughout the courtroom, but still the young attor- ney did not ‘catch on,’ and looking toward the judge, remarked: ““Your honor, I ask you to give the witness until two o’clock to produce that contract.’ “The court could not longer with- hold and joined in the laughter. Then | the young lawyer saw his mistake and with-reddened face also had a good ' Fugh." ‘ 0 —e g INDIAN NAME . FOR .. WHISKY Called “Fire Water” Because of. Thelr ' Method of Discovering. If It Was Diluted, When the Hudon's .Bay Trading ! icompany began its trading among the {Indians it was found that by selling |the “Indians liquor -they could more easily be induced to trade their pel- "triec. i i The first whisky or intoxicant of in. ferior quality was distilled in England Innd brought to America in large bar- irels, but in transporting it overland it was found more -convenient to! divide it into small kegs. | | The traders soon became aware:ot the fact that by diluting the whisky iwith water more furs could be ob- itained. This was practiced for some ‘tlme, but the Indians learned that .good whisky poured on a fire would cause it to flame up, whereas had the ‘whisky been diluted the fire would be quenched. It was by this simple ex- periment that the term “fire water” be ‘came & common word among Indians. ' A chief who had experienced the ibad effects of whisky among his peo- :ple said it was most certainly distilled from ‘the hearts of wildcats and the tongues of women from the effects At produced.—From Bonfort's Splfltl and Wine Circular. The Human Woman. We have thought of life as a build Ang of many rooms containing war, jcommerce, industry, art and science, all things done by men. Then away 1out at one side, across.a bridge, was an annex; and there:was our thought of home, child, mother, fireside, cradle, comfort, beauty, and all the home ideas, and also the ideas of shame con- mected with women. When women crossed the bridge and appeared in the other building, the building of hu. an life, we were shocked.. We felt that all of life was masculine except ‘the home. © Women will be better to live with fwhen they are more human. The greatest need of the world today i lor more humanness. in its women, so that they can help make men ' ‘more uman, and help make children more qmman; for the purpose of all the age Jong development of the race ‘In the pttainment of humanhood.—Gilman. What Made Him Resigned. A tourist from the east, visiting an old prospector in his lonely cabin in the hills, commented: “And yet you seem to cheerful and happy.” “Yes,” replied the one of the pick Pete Bakke, the Aure postmaster and mercuant, transacted business in Bemidji Saturday. Ben Iverson and O. Refstal return- PR ¥ g and shovel. “I spent a week in Bos Scoop Has "qut to luncheon, and when he got | Here,” he said, “you will h; - Mutual Deficiency. A second-hand book dealer went ‘Seated at the table in the restaurant he found that he had left his glasses at the store. So he couldn’t read his newspaper. .And then when the wait- er brought the bill of fare he couldn’t 'Tead that, either. So he squinted at it a minute and then handed it back to the waiter. ave to read this to me.” The waiter grinned sympathetical- 1y, and shook his head. i “Sorry boss,” he whispered. “But Iv ain’t got no education, neither!”— Cleveland Plain-Dealer. WIFE’S- REASONS FOR: LOVING Properly Considered, They Would 8eem to Explain the:idea -Pretty 2 Thoroughly. - They are no longer young. He wasl‘ fust ‘Past and she was almost fifty. | They had made a little wild excur- | sion together. © One day, 'when ‘Old ,Nlck was in the air they were walking along the street in Paris, wondering Where they should go to dinner. : 0, no, no! Nothing of that Kkind. Bless you, they had been married so }ong that they had a grandchild. They ‘were Americans. He happened to be working in Paris. She was his wife. Still, for all that, the Old Nick was In the air, and even these two felt they simply had to do something out of the way. So they took the first tram car that came along and rode out to the end of the line. They were landed at one of the gates of the city, right by the fortifications. There they found a lit- the restaurant and dined on the side- walk: . A They began to talk about iove. When two who have beem married a quarter of a century talk of love {ofi‘fl better listen! you might learn sore- thing: w0 There is just ohe point brought ont in their conversation that I wish to note.’ It struck me as a decidedly 'in- genious one. “How do you know you love me? he asked. “Well,” she responded, after reflect- ing a bit (perbaps it she had been twenty she would have answered by & look only, but now she took the ques- tion up seriously, as if anxious to an- swer herself as well as him), “one: reason is that if Fm ever in any trou- ble, if I should be sick or have any calamity happen me, or anything ter- rible, I should want you, first of all. “And. another reason is that when- ever I have any pleasure, when any- thing in the way of good luck comes, or when I see anything beautiful, my first instinct is to: find you, to enjoy it with me.” “Those,” he replied, “are really good reasons.” They were silent a bit. The past is slways a third guest whea fifty-year- old lovers talk. He was in the thought of both. Then he added: “And most of all it is the feeling, the certainty, that no matter what I do or say, no matter what happens or can possibly happen, you would be right by me; you would just be for me; you'd just be there, asking no questions, but just be for me, who- ever, whatever was against me—till death.”—Chicago News. E i Wondering About the Football Boys. “Every year, along about this time,™ grumbled the Old Codger, “we behold In the newspapers many plictures of buge, hulking, disheveled young. lunk- 1Depar flfient The Pioneer Want Ads e ’ GASH WITH COPY | ‘/2 cent per word per issue Regular charge rate 1 cent per w less than 15 cents ord per insertion. No ad taken for Phone 31 HOW THOSE WANT ADS DO THE BUSINESS The Pioneer goes everywhere so takes it and people who do not tal neighbor’s so your want ad gets t that everyone has a neighbor who ke the paper generally read their 0 them all. 14 Cent a Word Is All It Costs i HELF WANTED | 500 men 20 to 40 years old wanted at once for Electric Railway Mo- tormen and Conductors; $60 to $100 a month; no experience nec- essary; new opportunity; no strike. Write immediately for application blank. Address X Care of Pion- eer. b e e D ) LEARN TELEGRAPHY—Railroads need operators, pupils starting now—ready for postions June 1st, can earn board. Day and evening classes. Interstate Telegraph In- stitute, 1410 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn. WANTED-—Some one to drill four| deep wells, all in Koochiching county. Inquire of Annie E. Shelland, Clerk, County Board of Education, In- ternational Falls, Minn. WANTED—Girl for generai house work. Richardson. 810 Beltrami Phone 570. ) WANTED—Cook at Lake Shore hotel. FOR SALE FOR SALE—Typewriter ribbons for every make of typewriter on the market at 50 cents and 75 cents each. Every ribbon sold for 75 cents guaranteed. Phone orders promptly filled. Mail orders given the same careful attention as when you appear in person. Phone 31. The Bemidji Pioneer Office Supply Store. FOR SALE—The Bemidji lead pencil (the Dbest nickel pencil in the " world, at Netzer's, Barker’s, O. C. Rood’s, McCuaig’s, Omich’s, Roe & Markusen’s, and the Pioneer Office Supply Store at 5 cents each and 50 cents a dozen. heads, with Knobs :at" the knees- of their short pants, standing straddiing, with their arms akimbo, and gloom- fiy ominously from beneath their mops of hair. They bear the desig- nations of ‘Captain Bulnek of the Hyenas,' ‘Lubberty, the famous left- end,”" ‘McLout, drawback,’ or some- thing of the sort. And as we gaze ot théir likenesses we are moved to wonder: (2) What do they do the rest of the time? (b) Why do they do this at all? . (¢) Would a little plain work prove fatal to them? (d) Couldn’t they quit football and try to be happy and useful and orna- ; mental, all at tho same time? “Noty Beany: My nephew is one of 'em, dod-rot him!" He Knew. “Daughter,” called the conventional, comic-paper father from his regular position at the top of the stairs, at the. well-known hour of 11:65 p. m., “doesn’t that young man know how to say good night?” “Does he?” echoed ton once, and no matter what hap- pens to me, I've been cheerful eves since.” e e —— T ——— | FOR SALE— Eighteen head heavy FOR SALE—Small fonts of type, sev- ‘eral differont points and in first class condition. Call or write this office for proofs. Address Bemidji Pioneer, Bemidji, Minn. FOR SALE—Say boys, send your girl a copy of the latest song for Christmas. She’ll be sure to like it. You’ll find it at Omich’s News Stand. FOR SALE — One set white furs (Angora goat) slightly used. Call Norrie, the tatlor, 317 Fourth street, Bemidji. Phone 227. logging horses, weight from 1500 to 1800 1bs. Address E. F. Stevens Towner, N. D. FOR SALE—Rubber stamps. ' The Pioneer will procure any kind of rubber stamp for you on short no- tice. FOR SALE—Six sets of heavy sleds; all new ones. Inquire Larkin & Dale’s place. the young lady in the darkened ball, “well, I should say he does.” .. . ST O RRE PR R Sl ¢ b §raan {FOR RENT+—Warm house. eral housework. trami avenue. FOR SALE — Two horses. Inquire John E. Croon, Nicollet hotel. e FOR SALE WOOD—By Freeman & Viring. Phone 647 or 748 FOR RENT FOR RENT — Brand new five-room g house near High school building. Water, lights and telephone. En- quire A. A. Carter, Agent. — FOR RENT—Two furnished rooms for light housekeeping. 511 Third street. Inquire 903 Bel- FOR RENT—Two furnisned rooms. Inquire 515 Bemidji avenue. FOR RENT — Furnished room at 518 Third street. Inquire of John G. Ziegler. B o ————— LOST AND FOUND LOST—Between Markham hotel and Union depot, a set of black furs. Finder please return te Crookston Lumber company. MISCELLANEOUS FESUIRESN . avkimsssmmc el IO £ ADVERTISERS—The great state of North Dakota offers unlimited op- portunities for business to classi- fled advertisers. The recognised advertising medium in the Fargo Daily and Sunday Courier-News, the only seven-day paper im the state and the paper which carries the largest amount of classified advertising. The Courier-News. covers North Dakota likée a blank- et; reaching all parts of the state the day of publication; it is the paper to use in order to get re- sults; rates one cent per word first insertion, one-half cent-per -word succeeding insertions; filty eents per line per month. Address the Courier-News, Fargo, N. D. 7 ONLY AUTOMOBILE RADIATOR FACTORY IN NORTHWEST— Eleven years’ knowing how. Way send your Radiator down East when you can ship it to us; save time, ex- press, freight, money and get best workmanship. Prices right. Make new Radiators; allow for old one. Mailorders receive special attention. TODD MANUFACTURING CO. 820 Mary Pl. Minneapolis, Minn. —_— WANTED TO RENT—Two or three. furnished rooms for light house keeping or board and room for three. Phone 31. — . = i WANTED—OId cotton rags, clean, free from buttons. No silk cloth, gunny sack or wool cloth accepted. Pioneer Office. BOUGHT AND SOLD—Second hana furniture. Oda Fellow’s b WANTED—Competent girl for gen- ¥ across from postoffice, phone ns'_' B " ll 195, [ o=