Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, November 7, 1910, Page 6

s The picture here presented is that of Nancy, a handsome mare belong- ing to the Minnesota Experiment Station, having been purchased at the J. J. Hill farm. She fairly illustrates a desirable type of animal for a farm- er's driving horse, having a good depth of body, indicating lung power; legs indicative, in length, of speed sufficient for the driver’s enjoyment, but not enough to tempt him to a loss of money at tne race-course; a sloping pastern, giving a springy step, and a good foot These are the main points to be considered in the choice of a driving animal for farm use. FPoints which merely please the eye may well be subordinated to these. o + Care of the Brood ¥ Sow in Winter. 7 = * + ) * By D. A. Gaumnitz, Minnesota * j University Farm. j: As the most important factor in! the business of pork production, the brood sow deserves, at all seasons of the year, the greatest solicitude of the pork-raiser for her bodily comfort and healthy living. Particularly in winter should he see to it that she is well cared for in all the matters of feed,| shelter, bedding and cleanliness. For of all domestic animals the hog is the most poorly protected against the con- tingencies of a winter climate like that of Minnesota. The custom being | that most of the pigs shall be farrowed in the spring, the health and vigor and | fattening capacities of the litter may be largely affected by the condition in which the sow is maintained during] the preceding four months of gesta-; tion. How much the voung porkers, with | which the sow is preparing to present? us, are to cost at birth, depends al-| most entirely upon the way she is fed | and handled. A sow that produces and raises eight to ten pigs is worth a great deal more than one \vhichg gives us only three or four. If a brood | sow costs $10 a vear for feed and keep, ! and she produces but four pigs, each | pig will cost $2.50. On the other hand, if she produces eight pigs, they will have cost but $1.25 each at birth. ‘Where one is growing 100 pigs, the difference between the litters of two groups of sows, respectively averag- ing as above, would amount to $125 at the start. Sows are not kept for the purpose of eating feed, merely. Their business is to farrow pigs and to nurse them to a point where they can be fed for mar- ket. With this in view, the sow should be so fed and managed as to enable her to do her work to the best advantage. She must be kept in good condition, but without fattening, and should not be permitted to lie around without exercising properly every day. If she is properly handled, and fails to fulfill her duties, the sow has no busi- ness on the farm, and the quicker she is found out and disposed of the bet- ter. In feeding a sow, economy in the ra- tion, a supply of the proper nutrients, and each in the proper amount, should be kept constantly in mind. Ad- vantage should be taken of such fre- quent happenings as that milk can be had at a small price from creameries, or that ground rye is cheaper than shorts. or that corn and oil cake is cheaper than shorts, or that clover hay is cheaper than grain. The cost of ation should always be dealt with caretully. most Quantity and Quality of Feed. Tsually, as many of the farm grains as possible should be fed. Frequent- ly, however, it is much cheaper to use others rather than exclusively farm- produced leeds. The amount to feed depends upon the sow. For her keep, about 8 Ibs. daily per hundred weight is required; or for a 400-1b. sow, about 3.2 lbs. daily. If the sow is in good condition, and, carrying a litter, would weigh 500 lbs., it means that the sow is to gain 100 lbs. in weight. This gain should be made gradually, and distributed through the time between now and when she is going to farrow. Suppose it were November 1st, and that she were to farrow April 1st— 150 days intervening time. The sow would need to gain 66 lbs. or rough- 1y, .7 Ibs. daily. It takes about 4.5 lbs. of feed to make a pound of gain, and about 3.15 1bs. to make .7 Ibs. of gain. By adding this amount to that re- quired for maintenance, the total -amount to be fed, or €.35 1bs., will be ‘found. Fat sows, of course, should be fed separately from thin sows. What- ever their condition, success will fol- low -only by careful feeding. Since over feeding makes brood sows unde- sirably fat, and since their voracious appetite inclines them to unmusical squealing when they are mnot full, it has been an approved plan to provide them, when they are not caring for a litter, with feed only moderately nu- tritious, but as bulky as possible— such, for instance, as contains consid- crable water. This class includes roots, clover or alfalfa hay and milk. By -the use of these and other bulky feeds, the sow’s stomach is distended and she is satisfied, and yet does not fatten up as when nothing but con- centrated feed like grain is given. As farrowing time approaches, the bulk of feed should be cut down, less water should be given, and more pro- tein and oily feeds should be fed, so as to keep the sow in a laxative con- dition. If she is in good condition, light feeding will help keep her so. Exercise in the fresh. air, together with the care noted in feeding, shouid bring her up to farrowing time in fine shape. Attention to the brood sow at far- rowing time should be especially em- phasized. This is an important crisis in the pork-producing business, which is to determine the result of many months of feeding and watchfulness. For 24 or 38 hours after farrowing, the sow need be fed nothing save some warm water, to which a small quantity of shorts has been added. This will have a tendency to hold back the milk flow, relieve the congested condition of the udder, and check the frequent tendency to fever. After 36 hours the feed may be gradually in- creased. | BUSINESS METHODS ON FARM Payment by Check Preferable to Use of Currency. A very desirable step, in the intro- duction of business methods on the farm, is taken when the farmer be- gins raying his bills with checks on a bank instead of in currency. The plan is desirable, in itself, from the fact that the check, after payment, serves as a receipt for money which too often passes from hand to hand without a receipt. Many a sum has been paid twice by either the farmer or his estate, when the second pay- ment could have been avoided by ref- erence to a file of checks returned by the bank. Again, by paying with checks there is no trouble in making change, and there is no danger in- curred of losses, which frequently hap- pen from keeping currency in the pocket or in some supposedly ‘“safe place” in the house. Added to this is the credit which comes to the “man with a bank account.” As to danger from bank failures, all the losses in- curred from such failures since the foundation of our Union would not aggregate a tenth part of the losses incurred from carrying about or hoard- ing currency. INTEREST IN AGRICULTURE and Girls Show Wonderful Knowledge of Farm Topics. The interest in agricultural educa- tion prevailing in Mower county was shown at the county fair recently, in an exhibit of booklets written by the boys and girls of the country schools. Some 300 of these booklets were shown by the superintendent of schools. These booklets embrace es- says, on various farm topics, whose authors were children of from ten to fifteen years of age. They were de- scriptive of cultural methods on the farm, and gave historical references to the origin of various grains, vege tables, stock, etc.; showing, for peo- ple so young, a wonderful knowledge of the subjects treated, as well as con- siderable artistic taste. But best of all was the evidence afforded by this exhibit of interest in agriculture on the part of the young people. Boys kbl bbbkl kbbb 0 + e The farmer who—in the light of all the evidence furnished of the superiority of diversified farming, with rotation of crops, —continues to follow the one- crop system and raise wheat, wheat, year after year, is eclipsing, as a type of non- progressiveness, the Chinaman who yet believes that the teachings of his ancestors of 4,000 years ago set the limits of human wisdom and. acquire- ment. B S S S S T oo oo ofe oo ofe ofe oo ofe oo ofe ofe o oo ofe o oo e ofe ol b ofe i ode ok ofe o ol b b e ] Rye for Cut-Over Lands. The Orange Judd Farmer declares L rye to be “a very satisfactory crop in’| the cut-over regions of Minnesota.” The crop is “an excellent one for new ground, and the grain is frequently used for feed in this new country.” It might be added that the superior mar- ket-value of the straw affords further inducement to its cultivation. POLITICAL PRISUNERS FREE Action Taken to Commemorate Estab- lishment of Portugal Republic. Lisbon, Nov. 7.—Every political prisoner in Portugal! has been liber- ated and the prison sentences of all criminals were reduced one-third. The new republic was proclaimed one month ago and the freeing of the political prisoners and the reduction of sentences for the criminal prison- ers were decreed to commemorate the event. Capitalist’s Wife Gets Divorce. Butte, Mont., Nov. 7.—Mrs. Margaret Wall, wife of Patrick Wall, one of the best known mining capitalists in the Northwest, has been granted a divorce. Mrs. Wall demanded $300,000 alimony and half of Wall's property. The prop- erty settlement was effected cut of court. To Launch Balloon Service. ‘Washington, Nov. 7.—Encouraged by recent successes in the operation of dirigible balloons a project has been launched in Liverpool, Eng., for a passenger, mail and express service between that city and North Wales, according to consular reports re- ceived here. Perfumes In Ar-ient Days. 01d as the history of the world itselr is that of the queen ol flowers. The ancient Greeks and Romans reveled in roses. They were used lavishly at their feasts. In the time of the republic the people had their cups of TFalernian wine swimming with blooms, and the Spartan soldiers after the battle of Cirrha refused to drink any wine that was not perfumed with roses, while at the regatta of Baiae the whole surface of the Lucrine lake was strewn with flowers. Suspicious . Routine. Good Man—Ah, my poor fellow, 1 feel sorry for you! Why don’t you work? When 1 was young, for ten years I was never in bed after 5—an hour’s work before breakfast. then five hours’ work, then dinner. then four bed, then up again at 5 the next morn- ing— Loafer—I say, guv’nor. where did ye serve yer time, San Quentin or Fol- som?—San Francisco Star. Not New. “Electricity isn't a modern discov- ery. It is as old as the flood.” “How do you make that out?" “Why. didn't Noah have to have ark lights? Befter a blush in the face than a blot In the heart.—Cervantes. hours’ more work, then supper, t).\eu‘ Going Round the World. In sailing around the world east- ward the days are each a little less than twenty-four hours, according to the speed of the ship, as the sun is met a little rlier every morning. These little ditferences added together will amount to twenty-four hours. This gives the sailors au extra day— not in imagination, but as an actual fac They will have done an extra day’s work, eaten an extra day” tivn of food and imbibed au extra dag's lowance of groyg. Ou the other hand. in sailing west- ward the sun ix ovel ‘0 oa little each day, and so each day rather longer than twenty-four hours, and clocks and watches are found to be too fast This also will amount in sailing around the world to 1he pomt of departure to oue whole day by which the reckoning has fallen in arr . The eastern bound ship. rhen, has gained a day. and the western bound ship bas lost one. Thi range fact, clearly work- ed out. leads 10 the apparent parados that the tirst named <hin has a n of two whole days over the litter, if we suppose them to have departed from port and returned together.—Philadel- phia Record. Modern Gold Mining. Tp until about 1850 oniy placer or surface gold wax mined that is, free gold. deposited in the beds of streams in sauds and in the crevices of rocks. Placer mining. wainly in new and te- mote regions, still furnishes a material though not a large percentaze ot the weorld's output. Formerly the alluvial | gold was separated fromw the sands and gravels containing it by washing thew in pa cradles, rockers and sluices. In 1 the hydranlic method was first employed iu California. By thiz me: sgiant” sirenm of wate turned inst the side of a mountair washes everything before it. The gold seftles to the bettom of the tunnel or shuice through which the gravel, sand and water How. In 1889 dredzes o ex ors were first used in Ausr la. Teday steam and electrie dre produce a considerable portion of the world's output.- Byren W, Holt in Bv erybody A Timely V/arning. “Your dog seems a very intelligeiit L™ remuarked an inexperienced man 1t wnmekeeper the ready response. “Wouderful intefligent ‘e is! Yes, t'other day ‘e bit a gent as oniy give me a ‘arf sovereign after a day's shoot!”—London Scraps. Her Dear Friend. Susie—Now, when I'm asked to si T wever say, “Oh, I can’t!™ [ always sit down at the piano— Jennie—aud let the audience tind it out for them- selves ?—Illustrated Bits. THOMAS BAILEY FOR SHERIFF I hereby announce myself as a candidate for Sheriff of Bel- trami County to be voted on at the general election Tuesday, November, 8th 1910. Thomas Bailey. LIEGLER & ZIEGLER CO. “THE LAND MEN"’ INSURANCE FIRE = LIFE = ACCIDENT Real Estate in All lts Branches FARM LANDS BOUGHT AND SOLD Co to Them for Qnick Action Office--Schroeder Building Subscribe for The Pioneer expect. in and let us showgyou. MADSON ODEGARD & GO. — YOU CANT SE The Vital Parts and it’s just those parts that count most in a suit of clothes. It is the workmanship and tailoring that is put on the in- side that makes a Suit hold its shape. High Art Clothes Are built to give satisfaction and give you the wear you They are different: They have a pleasing individuality, a cut, a style, a dash, a “class” that is all their own. Let us demonstrate to you that a High Art Suit will enable you to look your best. The trying on of a suit does not obligate you to buy.- Come And the price 1s right too. ONE PRICE CLOTHIERS % el § !. 3 1 S