Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, May 16, 1910, Page 4

$+++'¥N"+++"++++++++++++: Clover for Seed 3 Is Profitable. § o - By A. C. Arny, Minnesota Agri- cultural College. B R A Clover has come in Minnesota to stay. It benefits the soil. It is one of the cheapest and best feeds that can be grown. It works in well with the short rotations best suited to di- versified farming in Minnesota. Its high value has been demonstrated No other one thing will do more to encourage clover ng for hap, pas- ture, for a’green manure crop than to enable any farmer that wants it to get pure, live clover seed at a rea- sonable price. Minnesota is well adapted to the growing of clover seed ‘This is especially true of the northern part of tne state, where the crop is practically a sure one. The cost of producing un ucre of clover for seed, fncluding land rental at $3.50 per acre, has bLeen found to be about $6.50. With a yield of two bushels per acre the clover seed crop is a profitable one at the present prices of clover seed. Two or three times this yield is often secured, which makes the growing of clover for seed a profitable undertaking. Low yields cannot in ali cases be avoided. They may be due to poor soil conditions or to adverse weather conditions when the clover is blossoming. Cold, wet weather may prevent the plant from ftlowering properly or bees from working and cross pollenating the flowers, which is necessary for best results in seed production. With good weather conditions and plenty of bees to bring about cross pollenation, seed may not be set at all on account of part of the tlower being destroyed by the young of an in- sect, the clover seed midge; or, if the 4 AR att S22 T2 CLOVER ROOTS. flower does escape the midge, and the seed is set it may be eaten by the young of the.clover chaleid. The damage done to clover seed by the young of both of these insects may be largely avoided by pasturing the clover d during the latter part of May, and the early part of June, sufficient to delay the blossoming un< til late in July. Sheep may be used to good advantage, but care should be exercised to prevent bloating. If it is not desired to pasture the clover off, the first crop of hay may be cut early Just before the heads appear. The date will vary with the season. Cutting the first crop at so early a date necessarily lessens the yield of hay, and the crop may be somewhat bhard to cure, but the midge will be prevented from laying eggs in the flowers and the chalcid will be pre- vented from depositing eggs in the young clover seed. Treated as out- lined above, by the time the flowers do appear, the first generation of these insects will have ceaséd to work, and the second generation will not yet have developed so the seed is set with- out hindrance and it develops without injury from these two insects. The increased yield of good seed when the crop is handled in this way will usually bring in a much larger money return than getting a larger yield of bhay from the first crop and a much smaller yield of seed from the second crop. o o oo odr oo oo oo ol e el e ol ok b ol e L * L o+ Mark each patch of quack ++ grass, work around it to avoid *+ scattering its roots with har- < #+ row or other machinery. If the < +*+ patch is not too large smother < « it with tar paper well held in "o % place with earth two to four < « months. If too large to handle < # In this way write to the Experl- « # ment Station, St. Anthony o % Park, St. Paul, for more de- &+ tailed advice. * * - L A O A A Poor Seed Cause.of Crop Failures. Probably more failures in the clover crop of Minnesota have occurred through poor seed than from any oth- er cause, or from a combination of all other causes, though sometimes the failure has been found to come from fmproper preparation of the seed hed or to a lack of phosphoric acid and potash in the soil. Experiment sta- tion chemists have found the soil of Minnesota chemically and physically well adapted to the production of clo- ver. Plant only good seed on a well prepared seed bed and good results are almost sure to follow. Good clover seed is plump, clean seed, of good germinating strength, that has been grown in your owun neighborhood. HO N TO. PLANT CGRN. 8eed Should Be Tested to Secure Fa- vorable Results. Corn planting time will soon again be upon us. Therefore, it is well to consider a few essential points in suc. cessful corn growing. The seed—have you tested it for germination? If not, do so_at once, as seed corn this year is unsafe unless tested. With seed of 100 per cent germination, plant three kernels per hill. With seed of 90 per cent germination, plant four kernels per hill, With seed of 80 per cent germination, plant flve kernels per hill. 1If the seed tests no more than 76 per cent, look for new seed unless by grading, sorting, ete, a better vital- ity Is obtained. Seed of uniform size and shape is obtained by careful elim- Ination of tip aund butt kernels and by grading the seed closely with a corn grader or a fanning mill. This {s ex- ceedingly important in getting a uni- form stand and growth. Three ker- nels planted per hill, in check rows 8 feet 6 inches apart each way, will give favorable results, More than this is conducive of smaller ears, and less than this will lower the total yleld and SEED CORN—KERNELS ON ENDS NOT USED. increase the relative percentage of desirable seed ears. A soil rich in humus is the one im- portant factor in getting large yields. A fine, firm seed bed is secured by disking, then harrowing with a slant tooth harrow. Kxtra time in prepar- ing the seed bed is well spent, for if the plants do not get well started in the beginning their producing power Is lessened. The roots must be in touch with soil particles at all times to get the plant food necessary for bullding up a vigorous plant. This is difficuit in a poorly prepared seed bed. The depth to plant varies with the season and soil conditions. TUnder normal conditions two and one-half inches is a proper depth. Under con- ditions of sandy, loose or drouthy soil, plant deeper to get the seed in touch with moisture, or so prepare the seed bed as to cause the moisture to rise nearer the surface. In other words, create a dust mulch. If, on the other hand, the soil is heavy, close or wet, shallower planting is to be recom- mended. And in the latter case avoid packing the soil over the seed. In tne former case, firming the soil about the seed is hightly important—C. P. Bull, Minnesota Agricultural College. LR R R R X R R + The extension division of the department of agriculture of < this state is advocating co-oper- <k ative creameries and laundries < in conjunction, as well as co- & operative cow testing, com- < munity breeding and the organ- ization of farmers’ and boys’ and girls’ clubs throughout the state. 3 L * P oo ole oo oo oo ol ob o b ok bk b b Farm Literature Free. The agricultural extension division authorized under a statute of the last session of the legislature is publishing monthly a bulletin known as the Farmers’ Library, intended for free distribution to all citizens of the state requesting it. Already four editions are published and the fifth will be out of press by May 1. Number 1 of the Library discusses farmers’ clubs; No. 2 gives a list of available books on ag- riculture and other literature valuable to the farmer; No. 3 describes indus- trial contests among Minnesota boys and girls; No. 4 tells how to grow po- tatoes, and No. § treats of life of wo- men on the farm. Write to ' » Divl- sion of lxtension, Universi Farm, 8t. Paul, and have your n. entered on the mailing list at once. Too Expensive. Two little girls who were taken to see “Othello” were much impressed by the death scene. “1 wonder whether they kill a lady every night?” asked one. *“Why, of course not,” said the other. “They just pretend to! It would be too expensive to really kill a lady every night!” Bt . Sweet Sorrow. “I can’t please my friends,” sobbed the young bride. “What's the matter, pet?’ “They Insist that 1 can’t be happy with a fathead like you, -buf, oh, hus- band, T am!"—Washington Herald. Domestic Amenities. Knicker—I've waited an hour for you to get your hat on straight. Mrs. Knicker--Well, I've waited longer than that for you to get your feet on stralght.—New York Sun. Declsion of character 18 one bright golden apple which every young per- son should strive In the beginning to pluck from the tree-of e feofoofirfeodeofuodeobrodebesdendoeodesdobodedeodordrdeds For Spraying . Apples and Plums, Dlvision of Plant Pathology, Min- nesota Agricultural College. B R R R e e There are at least two insects in Minnesota that are bad pests of ap- ples; one is the plum curculio, which also works on plums, and the other is the codling moth. Both of these in- sects may cause the wormy fruit that is so common. Spraying three times during the sea- son with arsenate of lead and water, or, in place of water, use Bordeaux mixture, is the best remedy. The first spraying is given about a week to ten days before the blossoms drop; the second spraying should be given just after the blossoms fall, and the third spraying ten days later. These spray- ings, if properly applied, and with well prepared mixture, will save at least 80 per cent of the otherwise bad fruit. In spraying against the plum curcu- lio particularly, on either the apple or the plum, arsenate of lead should be used at the rate of three pounds to fifty gallons of water or Bordeaux mix- ture. This preparation can be made at home, but it is at present cheaper to buy the commercial product. It ought not to cost mzore than 12 or 13 cents per pound if bought in 50 pound lots. The mother curculio makes the| crescent shaped marks on the outside of the fruit at the time of egg laying, and it is only while eating the fruit or the leaves before egg laying that she can be reached with a spray. The idea is to have a spray that will stick on the small leaves and the fruit, and arsenate of lead does this admirably. In spraying for codling moth, Paris green or the home made arsenate of lime, 'as well as arsenate ‘of lead, may be used. s The eggs of the codling moth are 1aid on the leaves or on the fruit, and after hatching, the little worms crawl to the calyx and from the calyx end METHOD OF SPRAYING. begin to knaw into the apple. In spraying for this insect then, the idea is to fill the calyx cup with an arsen- ical spray while the apples are still upright and the calyxes are wide open. Arsenate of lead, Paris green or arsen- ate of lime are all good in this case. The proper way to make arsenate of lime, which is the cheapest of the ar- senical insecticides,*is as follows: ‘White arsenic, 1 pound. Crystal sal soda, 4 pounds. ‘Water, 1 gallon. Boil the above ingredients in an iron kettle, which must be used for no other purpose, for .twenty minutes, until dissolved. This is a stock solu- tion,-and is arsenate of soda. It 'should be put_away labeled “poison.” When ready to spray take .three or four pounds of good stone lime, and while slaking add to the lime one to two pints of the above mixture. Pour the lime as-now prepared into the spray tank containing the forty or fifty gal- lons of water or Bordeaux mixture, end a good spraying compound is the result. It is always advisable to use Bordeaux mixture with arsenical sprays, because oné -thereby kills fungus diseases as well as insects. For the proper making of Bordeaux mixture write to the Division of Plant Pathology, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. oo ke oo ol el ol ke b ol b ok b b o b ol - . - There is no luck connected < with the poultry business more «* than with any other business < on the farm. TUnless one com- < plies with all conditions neces- sary to make poultry raising a success there will be no suc- <+ cess and he would better not <+ try the enterprise. < +* e ofooforhooh ko ek b Bk bbbl Course In Engineering. A short course in engineering will be opened at the university farm on May 24 and continue until June 17. The expense of the course will be $15 for tuition and board will be furnished for $3.50 a week, including lodging and laundry. The farm equipment is especially adapted to such a course and will be at the disposal of the class. Engineers, or those wishing to become such, will find this an opportunity of unusual value. Gasoline and steam engineering will be taught by experts in the use of both. Gnod Seed. Institutes. | The Farmers’ Institute will hold good seed institutes in various parts of the state next winter. These in- stitutes will each be two day meet- ings and liberal prizes will be given by local commercial clubs. Clean Poultry House Often. Hot weather furnishes ideal condi- tions for the rapid multiplication of alf kinds of vermin in the poultry house. Clean out the poultry house often and spray with kerosene emulsion. Dairy Division of University Will Fur- nish Outfits at Cost. The cut below shows an outfit rec- ommended by the University of Min- nesota dairy, division for the. testing of cows. This cabinet can be put upq in any barn behind the cows where it is handy. Fifteen small bottles are provided to take the test of as many cows. The name of each cow or her number can be written on a neat piece of paper, pasted around the neck of ~ & bottle and well covered with shellac. to keep the water from soaking oft TESTING APPARATUS. the paper. The scales will weigh thirty pounds and can be swung around in place, after the pail has been removed, and the shelf upon which the milk sheet is fastened is closed. making the cabinet very tight. The closed cabinet keps out the flies and the dirt. When closed there is very little room taken up in the barn. The dairy division, University Farm, St. Paul, Minn., has arranged to have ‘these outfits made to supply farmers at actual cost. The outfit is complete as shown with the exception of the milk pail hanging on the scales. The 30 pound scales shown are very handy indeed, not only for weighing milk, but for weighing out feed as well. After the cow has been milked the “pail is hung on the spring balances and the weight recorded. After recording the weight, a uni- form sample of milk should be ob- tained. Stir the milk ‘well with a small dipper from bottom to top, as some of the fat globules come to the top very soon after milking is finished. Corrosive sublimate tablets are placed in the sample bottles, or ‘a small amount of potassium bichromate, to preserve the milk until it is tested. The dairy division has found that very accurate results can be obtained by taking night’s and morning’s weigh- ing once a month, a composite sam- ple of these two weighings being made to. find the butter fat contents. It ‘weighed and sampled only one day out of the month, care should be taken that regularity in the time of milking is practiced. The dairyman should not milk one morning at 4:30 and the next morning wait until 7 or-8 o’clock. Not only is it necessary to milk reg- ularly to get an accurate sample, but cows will not do well with any other way of handling.—G. P. Grout, Minne- sota Agricultural College. . SUMMER FEED FOR COWS. Oats and Peas Excellent as a Milk Producer. Provident farmers will not fail to plan ahead for summer feed for their dairy herds. Aside from <corn grown purposely for ensilage a small field of oats and peas will be found of excel- lent service as a milk producer. Care should be used in sowing the oats and peas, since too many oats will smother the peas. A proportion of about one bushel of oats to two of peas will be about right to be sure of a goed crop of each for feeding purposes. An acre or two of this crop sown now CUTTING CORN FOR FODDER. will be ready for feeding early in the season and will return about five tons of green feed per acre. An acre or two of fodder corn should be.sown about May 10 to use as green fodder after the peas and oats are exhausted. This corn should be sown in drills about three and one-half feet between the rows and two inches apart in the rows. About fifty pounds of home grown seed will be needed per acre. Early in June an acre or two of ever- green corn should be put in for fall feeding to follow that sown in-May. Follow the corn with one or two acres of German millet, sowing from two to three pecks per acre. For early fall and winter feeding there is nothing better to stimulate & large flow of milk than roots. In the dairy. division of the Minnesota department of agricul- ture it has been found that the yellow globe mangel is well adapted to Min- nesota conditions and keeps well up to about Christmas time. From four ‘to six pounds of seed should be sown -per acre as early in the spring as pos- sible, when a yield of from ten to fif- teen tons per acre may be expected. Her Darling’s Desire. “My darling,” said a fond mother, who belleved in appealing to children’s tender feelings instead of punishing them, “if you are so naughty you will grieve mamma so that she will get il and have to lie in bed in a dark room and take nasty medicine, and then she may die and have to be taken away out to the cemetery and be buried, and you'— 5 The child had become more solemn, but an angelic *smile overspread his face at his mother's last words, and, throwing his arms about her neck, he exclaimed: - “Oh, mamma, arfid may I sit beslde the cofichmhn't“—\hondun Queen. Drawing the Line. “I don’t mind listening to a man who 18 paying for my dimer tell me the story of Lis life,” said the woman. “Men’s lives are generally interesting, but T wou't stand to bear a woman tell -everything she knows, even if she does pay for my-dinner. 1'd rather-pay for my own dinner and get an occasional shy at the conyersation.”—New York Press, PEnt ST s - Sl l‘\"' e We buy in large quantitios d.irect from the . Middle Man’s Profit. ; MOUNT VERNON Indestructibility and intrinsic value alone may-appeal to a few, but the purchaser as a rule has grown more exacting as to design of Sterling Silver Tableware than ever before. : e Mount Vernon Pattern is pleasing and satisfying to the most' ecritical. We carry a very large assortment in Fine Sterling Silverware iil all the Better Brands and Exclusive Patterns. Hand Engraving on any article purchased of us, free of charge. factory and save you the 115 Third Street Geo. T. Baker & Co. Manufacturing Jeweler Near the Lake :+»&+++++m++++++++++++++z t Calf Cholera and .f Its Treatment. pefocfortecfocderfrefecfosfocdeededes * % By Dr. M. H. Reynolds, Minne- 2 sota Agricultural College. ks refosderdecdoofrdecfeofrefeodrofrdedordrdedodeedodrdosdodededr Calf cholera, as the term is used bere, refers to diarrhea of older calves and is to be distinguished from white scours, a fatal infectious disease of very young calves. Anything that tends to lessen vital- ity and animal vigor seems to favor the development of calf cholera.. 'The disease develops much more easily among weak and unthrifty calves. The immediate cause is usually sud- den changes in feeding, milk from dirty pails, irregular feeding, with hun- ger and then excessive feeding. The disease is particularly apt to develop among calves that are kept in unsap- Itary quarters, i. e, pens that are dark and damp. Symptoms.—The calf that has this trouble is usually dqull. There is a diarrhea with thin, frothy discharge, more or less slimy, perhaps yellowish, with an odor resembling spoiled cheese. Prevention.—The prevention of this trouble is“obvious if one bears in mind ‘what has been saild about causes and is included in sunlight, cleanliness of water, moderate, regular and clean feeding, with breeding and manage- ment for the greatest amount of vital- ity and the most vigorous good health. Treatment.—What we are using here and-know as the formalin treatment has been very satisfactory. Very briefly ‘stated this treatment calls for a stock solution of formalin (one-half ounce of formalin in fifteen and one- half ounces of water), which should be clearly labeled with the formula and should be kept in a cool, dark place ready for need whenever need may arise. As a general rule the feed, usually milk, should be cut fully one- half in all these cases. For medical treatment give one tea- spoonful stock solution formalin to each pint of milk fed and in addition for bad cases give tincture of opium, thirty drops; alcohol, three drams as one dose. This may be repeated if necessary in three hours and a third dose may be given after amother period of three hours; but the tincture of opium in the third dose should be reduced to about fifteen drops- and the opium should be entirely omitted from the treatment except-where it seems to be made necessary by the severity of the case. This dose of tincture of opium and alcohol may be glven diluted in four to six teaspoon- fuls sweet skimmed milk. LR R R K X In a rotation of crops in which clover forms an essential <+ part the loss of nitrogen in the < soll is checked. Loss of nitro- <4 gen in the soil is continuously < taking place under a system of < grain raising where grass o crops are not grown. This is shown by experiments in differ- < ent parts’ of the state under -+ direction of the State Experl- < ment station. * < + bl sl o ofe e ol ofe b ke e B o ol e LEEEE LR L LR R SWILL BARREL CHOLERA. This Disease Often Mistaken for Trve Hog Cholera. That this disease has often been. mistaken for true hog cholera is quite eyident. It may kill hogs quite rap- idly and cause just as severe losses for an owner. But it is very much less serious than true hog cholera, be- cause it does not spread by infection. |- The symptoms-frequently resemble rather closely the true hog cholera, but hogs die from this disease that are supposed. to be immune tc' cholera. This disease does not spread to other hogs and involves only those which are recelving swill from a certaln bar- rel or tank. The condition. of the-bar- rel or tank itself usually gives very good reason for suspecting that the disease is swil- barrel cholera rather than true cholera, Serious losses among garbage feed- ers using hotel-slops frequently occur and are often due to the presence<of washing powder or other material con- taining a high percentage of irritating | alkalles. These appear to cause dis- bowels due to chemical irritation. Pos- sibly these chemicals in the swill may simply irritate and reduce the vitality of the membrane lining the, digestive organs' for invasion by germs which otherwise could not produce disease. A case of swill barrel cholera has recently come to the attention of the writer. Mr. B, a farmer living in Southwestern Minnesota, lost fifty- nine out of sixty hogs. The one hog which did not die was kept in a pen adjoining the yard where sick hogs were kept and with every opportunity for transferring the infection, if there had been Infection, from the yard to the pen. The fifty-nine hogs were fed sour buttermilk from a local cream- ery. The buttermilk had been kept in a wooden tank, the sides of which were green with mold. Nearby neighbors who did not use this buttermilk lost no hogs, Moral: Clean out and scald your swill tank as often as necessary and give the interior of it a good sun bath ence In a while. Dampness Bad for Poultry. Dampness must be guarded against In all dealings with poultry or disease and failure will follow. ease by direct inflammation of the | New-Cash-Want-Rats ',-Cent-a-Word Where cash accompanies copy we will publish all “Want Ads"” for half- cent a word per insertion. Where cash does not accompany ‘copy the regular rate of one ceuta word will be charged. EVERY HOME HAS A WANT AD For Rent--For Sale--Exchange --Help Wanted--Work Wanted --Etc.--Etc. HELP WANTED. WANTED—Able bodied men be- tyween the ages of 18 and 35, who are permanant residents of the city of Bemidji to enlist in Company K Minnesota National Guard* For further information call on Captain Otto at the post- office. Chamber maid wanted and to wait on table one hour at meal time. Wages $20.00 per month, Palace Hotel, Blackduck. Abroag. Abroad s a locality entirely sur rounded by seasickness. In another view it is a bourne more or less mys- terious, bounded on its farther side by your Income and on its hither side by custom houses where you have to de- clare everything you bring back with you exeept a foreign accent and one change of hosiery. - Abroad is where— 1. They put a. Labels all over your luggage and b. It all over you. 2. You are almost always golng down from Jerusalem to Jerlcho, and the good Samaritan invarlably wants a tip. Abroad 1s the stage of history, but that is only because history made the too common mistake of not seelag America first.—Puck. WANTED—Good girl for general house work. Mrs. H. W. Bailey 605 Minnesota. WANTED —Girl for general house work. Mrs. Molander, 1118 Bemidji avenue, FOR SALE. FOR SALE—Red Wing 16-foot gasoline launch in good ‘condition, cheap; one No. 5 latest Model Oliver typewriter. Must sell within the next three or four days. 113 Ninth street. _ FOR SALE OR RENT—House Né. 1115 Lake Boulevard. Will rent furnished or unfurnished. J. J. Trask. * Inquire at Laundry. Keeping Up the Limit. In J, Comyns Cart’s reminiscenres 18 a characteristic anecdote of Burue- Jones, who had consulted his doctor about certain symptoms which seemed alarming. “How many cigars do you smoke In & day?” the doctor inquired of his pa- Hent, to which’ Burne-Jones had care- lessly replied, “Oh, I think about six.” “Well,” replied hls adviser, “for the present you had better Hmit yournel? to three.” And in detailing the inci- dent to me afterward Burne-Jones 2dd- ed. with a chuckle, “You know, my dear Carr, 1 never did smoke more *han three.” - Nicotine. “T1 excessive smoking alone ceald + | eause h-art degeneration,” writes a cor- respondevt, of the London Mail, *euch cases woult. be common instead of ex- tremely rare. The fact Is that only an almost infinitesiinal amount of nicotine 1s absorbed in smoking. An ordimary sized cigar or an ounce of smoking to- bacco contains enough of this virulent polson to kill two men. The only rea- son all smokers sre not killed at once Is that the nicotine is destroyed in the combustion ¢f the leaf.” .’ Procrastination. *Why is procrastination sald t¢ be the thief of time?” asked the teacher. “’Cause it.takes a fellow so long to say It,” answcred the bright boy at the foot of the class.—Chicago News. Either Way, Psmith—I'd Invite you hame to din- ner with me, but we have no. cook. Kjones—And I'd Invite you home witk me, but'we have one.—Cleveland Lead w, The man who is always trying to find out what people say of him is sel- dom happy.—Chlcago Record-Herald. FOR SALE OR TRADE—Choice Nymore Lots; for price and pai- " ticulars: write te —J. L. Wold, Twin Valley, Minn. FOR SALE—Rubber stamps. The Pioneer will procure any kind of a rubber stamp for you an short notice. FOR SALE—3 good heaters; one medium size and two large stoves. Inquire at Pioneer office. FOR SALE—My residence, corner Seventh St. and America Ave. J. S. Hanson. MISCELLANEOUS WANTED—Position by elderly lady as housekeeper for small family. Apply corner Eighth and Minnesota, Bemidji. FACIAL 3 Defects \ QUICKLY CORRECTED (s The chief surgeon of the Plastic Surgery Institute quickly rights all wrongs with the human face or features without knife or pain to the entire satisfaction and de- light of every patient. The work is as lasting as life itself. If you have a facial irregularity of any i kind write Plastic Surgery Institute Corner $ixth and Hennepin » MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. . THE MODEL DRY “Telephona No. 637 | Ladies’ ‘n'nd ‘ ije HOGANSON BROS., Proprietors \Dry Cleaning of - nts’ Clothing, Rugs, Carpets, Household | Furnishings, etc. . and Pressing on Short Notice, . CLEANING HOUSE 106 Second Siree Also Sponging s a1 &