Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, February 27, 1908, Page 2

THE BEMIDJI DAILY PIOREER PUBLISHED VERY AFTRRNOON, A A A A A A A A A A A A At . OFFICIAL PAPER---CITY OF BEMIDJI BEMIDWSPTO CLYDB Bll!l S = Rntered In the postofiice at Bemldjt. Minx., - A8 socond class matter. HTZO VOIEE SUBSCRIPTION:44$5.00 TRER ANNUM ¥ B A BuERSICipher Code. }l%'l%)!\ Y ¢Gntned in difderent part: of jall often use cipher codes in com- tug with one anotber. In flle; i€ty jail some years ago the | came across a hard oune. A | fellow named Turner, in for, forgery. lnvented the puzzle. The writing was on long narrow strips of paper, on the | edge of which were letters and parts of letters that apparently had no con- | nection and from which no wor could be formed. One day a deputy who was passing the cell of a prisoner | saw him passing a long strip of paper | around an octagon lead pencil. He | took the paper ¥, and on it were | the mysterious scrawls that had wor- rled the keepe But the deputy got an idea frow this, and, going back to the office, he wrapped the strip around an octagon shaped lead pencil and after several trials adjusted it so that the parts of the letters fitted together and made a sentence, though the writ- Ing was very fine. The writer had adopted the simple but ingenious plan of covering the pencll with paper and had then written along one of the flat sides. On unrolling it the writing was | as mystical as a eryptogram, but when } put around the pencil as it was origi- nally it could be easily understood. Why. There Is something almost plaintive In the truly English word “why.” It may be indefinitely prolonged upon the lips. “Why” Is almost poetical in it- self and fitly introduces the best hex- ameter In the language: “Why do the heathen rage and the people imagine a vain thing?” Its uses in poetry are almost infinite, and one modern writer makes almost a line of it alone: Why do the night winds sigh, The sea birds wildly cry, The summer clouds pass by, The lilies droop and die, The light fade from the sky? ‘Why—oh, why? To most of the whys there is not a good because. The inquiring mind is puzzled to count for many things besldes its own existence. Hundreds of such questions occur to us at every step, and no satisfactory reply can be expected. Life is too short. Socrates was always saying “Why,” and we | have all heard of the man who called | Pope the “little crooked thing that | asked questions.”—Exchange. The Man Who Told the Tale. It happened on a Pullman car be- tween New York and Chicago. Dinner having been finished, the gentlemen assembled In the smoking room to en- Joy their cigars, “During the time I was in the war” sald the quiet man, “I saw a very wonderful thing in the line of surgical operations. A friend of mine was shot through the right breast, the bullet | passing clear through him. The pres- ence of mind of his companion un- doubtedly saved his life. He wrapped his handkerchief around the ramrod of his gun and, pushing it through the path made by the bullet, cleared the wound of all poisonous lead. I know It Is hard to believe, but, gentlemen, the man stll lives to tell the tale.” “Which man?” Inquired the slim pas- senger on the other seat quietly. “The wounded one, of course,” ex- claimed the old soldier scornfully. “Oh, I beg your pardon. I thought it might be the other.” The Mania For Shopping. One phase of the feminine mania for shopping Is {llustrated In John Foster Fraser’s “America at Work.” Speaking of the C. O. D. method of shopping and of the ‘way in which it appeals to the woman with the slender purse, he says: “If she has no dollars, that does not deprive her of the pleasure of shop- plog. She will walk Into a big store, look over a dozen gowns and try on several before deciding. Then she will get a C. 0. D. card and, vislting other departments, will buy a hat, rich un- derwear and a parasol. She will give a fine order. When the goods are de- livered at the address she mentioned, it Is found there Is no such person as Mrs. Walker. True, she has put the store to a lot of trouble. Yet think of the morning of womanly delight she has had In her shopping.” The Right Place. A dignified elderly gentleman riding on a traln was annoyed by a boy sit- ting across the aisle. The boy had just finlshed his breakfast and was amus- ing himself by laughing at the old gentleman. Presently the latter lean- ed over and said to the boy’s mother: “Madam, that child should be spank- ed” “I know _it,” sald she, “but I don’t belleve in spanking a child on a full stomach.” “Neither do 1,” said he. over.” “Turn him Appropriate. The Monument Man (after several abortlve suggestions)—How would sim- ply “Gone home” do? Mrs. Newweeds —I guess that would be all right It was always the last place he ever thought of golng.—Puck. Winning Her Attention. “My wife never pays any attention to what I say.” “Mine does—sometimes.” “How do you manage 1t?” “I talk in my sleep.”—London Opin- lon. . _— Got What He Liked. Host—Why on earth did you put poor Jenkins between two such chatter- boxes at the table? Hostess—Why, flear, you know he is 5o fond of tongue sandwiches! Chlefly the mold of a man’s fortune = in his own hands.—Bacon. B How to Stop a Nose Bleed. When the bellboy responded to the slgnal he found the elderly traveling man standing in the center of the room bolding a handkerchief to hls nose, 0 il the blood was oozing. Gjge" the a slap alongside of the hepdzood and hard," said the elderly maH, turning his face toward the boy and speaking with difliculty. “But, sir, 1"— “Don't stop to talk,” sputtered the traveling man. “Slap me, 1 tell you," again holding his head forward. The boy hesitated for n moment, then tim- 1dly slapped the man’s face. *“Harder: commanded the smitten one. The hoy hesitated no longer, but with his open palm dealt the man a vigorous blow. “That's better,” grunted the gory one as he removed tbe handkerchief and after a test found the bleeding had stopped. “I'm subject to these attacks | of nose bleed.” he explained to the as- tonished youth, handing him a tip. “I have tried all sorts of remedles, but nothing acts more promptly than a blow alongside the head. The shock Iyze the ruptured blood it some time if you have the occa- sfon. I got the idea from an old physi- cian in Mexico.”—New York Press. Could See For Himself. Clarence I'oster (“Pop”), the old ball player, was always busy sewing in his spare moments in the clubhouse. Fos- ter was a handsome fellow and took pride in keeping himself looking neat and natty as far as his attire went, and he was as particular as an old mald re- garding his clothes, so was kept busy doing the tailor act with the needle and thread. One August “Pop” was taken ill and was ailing for some few days. The fact of his illness got into the public press and so became common talk among the players. A few days after the announcement was made that Fos- ter was ill the St. Louis aggregation blew into the Washington grounds. The first day Foster was discovered sitting in front of the clubhouse, busy. at his everlasting sewing. “Hello, Pop!" shouted Catcher Joe Sugden. “I heard you were sick, but how are you now?" “Well, Joe,” carelessly responded Foster as he paused a moment in his tailor stunt, “I have been sick, but just at present, as you can see for yourself, I happen to be on the mend.”—Wash- ington Star. No Come Back. Some of the West Indian islanders have learned that when a foreigner misbehaves on their shores it is better to suffer in silence than to mete out punishment at the risk of a descending gunboat from the miscreant’s native land. A judge in Haiti, however, re- cently took occasion to pay off old scores and to redeem his self respect in the case of an offender brought be- fore him. To his first question as to the nation- ality of the accused the interpreter had answered that the prisoner was from Switzerland. “Switzerland!” said the judge. “And Switzerland has no seacoast, has it?” “No seacoast, your honor,” replied the interpreter. “And no navy,” continued the judge. “And no navy, your honor,” was the | reply. “Very well, then,” said the judge, “give him one year at hard labor.”— Brooklyn Life. The Other Reason. A teamster retires at the age of ninety with an accumulation of $30,- 000. He says he wants and is entitled to a rest. Some inquirers want to know how he could have saved so much on $12 a week, the highest wages he ever received. The answer is easy. He got §2 a day. He lived on 22 cents a day. He saved the difference. I lived In New York on 5 cents a day for nearly six months and was In magnifi- cent health. Some people eat to live; others live to eat. As the old chap on the ferryboat said to the small boy: “Sonny, why does a pig eat?’ “’Cause he's hungry.” “No. There's another reason.” “Whut's dat?” “He wants to make a hog of him- self.”—New York Press. Sam Weller. It was Sam Weller who ‘made Dick- ens famous. “Pickwick Papers” were a complete failure financially until this unique character was Introdiced. The press was all but unanimous In prais- ing Samival as an entirely original character whom none but a great gen- lus could have created. Dickens re- celved over $16,000 for “Pickwick Pa- pers,” and at the age of twenty-six he was incomparably the most popular author of his day.—London Standard. Tame Your Rattlesnakes. A tame rattlesnake belonging to an Arizona farmer sleeps every night on the front gate of its owner's garden, coiling himself around the gate and gatepost, so that a lock and chain to keep out intruders are not needed.— Pittsburg Dispatch. Foiled. “Ah!” said Bragley, with a view to making Miss Wise jealous. “I was alone last evening with some one 1 ad- mire very much.” “Ah!” echoed the bright girl. “Alone, were you?'—Philadelphia Press. A Losing Scheme. “They tell me that poor Jolly is a victim of bis own good fellowship.” “That's so. He lost his own health in drinking other people’s.”—Baltimore American, The Coop. “This flat is a mere coop.” “Yes, John,” sald his wife sweetly, “and the cook has just flew it.”—Pitts- ourg Post. He Could Not Will. “Can you lend me a fiver, old fel- Jow?” “Surely I can.” “But will you?” “Ah, my will power has utterly de- serted me these days!”—Town Topics. Motoring. _“Motoring I3 the very poetry of mo- tion.” “Hxcept when you have a smashup!” “No; even then—it's blank verse!”— London Opinion, Hiding His Ignorance. An official of ‘the department of jus. tice said in Washington of a vumor brought to him for confirmation by o reporter; his rumor springs from ignorance, crass Ignorance of the law. I am sur- prised that you should have credited it. “The “originator of that rumor Is as plainly iguorant of the law as a cer- tain schoolboy was of French. “This boy's father said to him one night at dinner: “‘Well, how ave you getting on with your French, my son?* ““Very well, thank you, sir, the lad replied. “The father beamed with pleasure. peas,’ he said. “There was an Then— “‘But, father,” said the boy, ‘I don’t want any peas.’” Meeting Old Neptune. An inmate or Sallors’ Snug Harbor In speaking of the ceremony connected ing the line,” when Father esides over the initiation of the men who have never crossed the equator, sald: “I got my introduction to old Nep- tune while I was in the merchant serv- ice. I got my lather and shave and ducking thirty yeurs ago and helped Initiate many seafaring men and lands- men since then. With hot tar handy, Neptune's crew often took liberties which would not be allowed on board a man-of-war. The skipper used to look on from aloft, but he was blind as a bat to things that he did not wish to see, and the men knew enough to make no complaint. I know that I was mad clear through at what I got, but 1 con- tented myself with taking it out of the next man. awkward pause. Not Up to Date. The evidence had shown that the brick which a careless workman had dropped from a scaffolding twenty feet above the surface of the ground had fallen on a man's shoulder and broken a bone, but the jury decided that the vietim had no cause of action. The falling of the brick had no neces- sary connection with the accident. “Gentlemen,” said the judge. “I.nev- er heard of such a verdict. You utter- ly ignore the existence of the law of gravitation.” “That law, your honor,” answered the foreman of the jury, “is so old that we decided not to consider it. It's ob- solete.”—Chicago Tribune. The Brightness He Saw. A man who died recently in the north of England and had been living a dishonest life under the cloak of re- ligion, wishing to pose as a good man to the last, said to those around him: “All is bright before me!’ “Aye,” said one of those present, whom he had swindled out of a sum of money, “an’ in abeat ten minnits theaw’ll be near enoof to see th’ blaze!” —Manchester Guardian. Poor Critter! “I hear that your husband is critic- ally ill, Mrs. Tiff?” said Mr. Gummey. “Yes, he is. He criticises the doctor, and he criticises the nurse, and he crit- icises me. Oh, he's critically ill, all right.”—Judge. Poor Soldier. Bill-It is said that Alesander the Great when on a campaign ate the ra- tlons of a common soldier. Jill—And did the poor soldier get nothing?— Yonkers Statesman. Struck Out. Dr. C, who always employs two servants, man and wife, was talking to a patient one day about a couple he bhad just discharged because the man drank. He remarked: “It is so strange, but it s always the way with a man and wife. If one is good, the other is no good.” The patient asked him, “How is 1t with you and Mrs. C.?”—Philadelphia Ledger. WOULD BAR ALL ORIENTALS California Congressmen Plead for Ab- solute Prohibition. ‘Washington, Feb. 26.—Representa tives Hayes and Kahn of California argued before the house committee on foreign affairs in favor of the Hayes bill to regulate the coming into and the residence within the United States of Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Hindoos and others of the Mongolian or Asiatic race. They said the only way to effectively stop the immigration of these people is by an absolute prohibition enactment. They insisted that the arts of diplomacy mever would correct the evil. They agreed with Foreign Minister Hayashi of Japan that the trouble lay with the Immigration companies, which, they said, have behind them vast sums of money with which to carry on their work: THIRTY PERSONS INJURED Excursion Train of Northern Tourists Wrecked in Texas. Laredo, Tex., Feb. 26.—Thirty per- sons were injured in -the derailment of an excursion train carrying a num- ber of Northern tourists at Orville, twelve miles north of Laredo. Sev- eral cars were thrown from the track and piled up in a ditch. The Pullman cars, however, remained on the rails. The excursionists, most of whom were from Toledo, O., were traveling under the direction of Charles Gates of To- ledo. In addition to the Toledo people on the wrecked train there were a num- ber of passengers from Chicago and San Antonio. They had planned to make a tour through Mexico. 8trike at Des Moines Probable. Des Moines, Feb. 26.—The wage controversy between the street rail- ‘way employes of Des Moines and their employers is approaching a crisis and it is believed that unless an agree- ment is soon reached there will be a strike. The representatives of both sides have failed to agree on the de- mand for an increase of 40 per cent presented by the men. Ask politely in French for some | { MAY: COMPEL ACTION China Likely to Protest to Amer- ica on Jap Aggression. COMPLAINT MADE AT BERLIN Unofficial Exchanges of Opinion Now in Progress With European Diplo- mats Likely to Be Given a More Official Character Shortly. Washington, Feb. 26.—Chinese dip- lomatic activity in the European cap- ftals and cable news of the calling of conferences of the great viceroys and provincial gevernors in Manchuria, all bearing upon the relations between China and Japan on the one hand and China and Russia on the other, have led the state department to expect the delivery by Mr. Wu, the newly ap- pointed Chinese minister, of some spe- clal message on this important sub- ject soon after he arrives in Wash- ington, which should be in the course of a fortnight. As already stated in these dispatches there is nothing tangible before the state department which would serve as a basis of rep- resentation to Japan on this subject beyond the protests of American tex- tile manufacturers and exporters against the serious blow which has been administered to their trade by the Japanese administration of the raiiroads in Manchuria. But there has been much unofficial talk between offi- cials here and some of the members of the diplomatic body and all of thig has prepared the state department for the reception of an appeal from China in the nature of that referred to as having been presented in Berlin re- cently. When the matter is thus for- mally brought to its attention it is probable that the state department officials will feel obliged to give to these exchanges of opinion that have been in progress a more official char- acter. but as far as can be gathered from the uiterances of responsible persons there is no present intention of making any effort to secure joint action in the nature of compulsion directed against Japan. BY CHINESE MINISTER. Jap Aggression in Manchuria Brought to Attention of Germany. Berlin, Feb. 26.—Sun Pao Ki, the Chinese minister at Berlin, received instructions some weeks ago from Peking to discuss with the German foreign office the Japanese treatment of trade in Manchuria and to broach the possibility of the United States and Germany entering into a special agreement concerning the main- tenance of equal trade opportunities in all the Chinese territories. Sun Pao Ki communicated his instructions to the foreign ofiice and discussed the subject in the most general terms, the foreign office *receiving his sugges- tions in a courteous, inquiring but non-committal manner. It presumably has corresponded with the German embassy at Washington and the lega- tion at Peking as to the extent of the Chinese proposal and what was thought of it. In Washington, it is understood, Wu Ting Fang, the Chi- nese minister, has received identical instructions and has laid them before the state department. China’s idea of a special agreement between the TUnited States and Germany appears to rest in the belief that these two alone of the great commercial states would be likely seriously to dppose Japan’s disposition, as China avers, to discriminate in Manchuria in favor of her own merchants. -China’s appeal has raised the ques- tion both at the foreign office here and at the state department at Wash- ington as to whether such an agree- ment as China proposes would not be superfluons and if its object is not already fully covered by international agreement. BLOODY FIGHT AT WEDDING Four Men Fatally Stabbed and Fif- teen Others Severely Cut. Chicago, Feb. 26.—Four men were stabbed in a manner that is likely to prove fatal, fifteen others, including a policeman, were severely cut and sev- eral othets slightly injured in a riot between two factions of Polish cele- brators. The fight marked the end of festivities in the saloon of Joseph Kuta. The ricters were giiests at the wed- ding of Leo Chasski and Mary Wadya. The conflict had its origin in an old controversy between the two factions of Poles and a free for all fight, in which knives, beer bottles, chairs and tables were used, followed several quarrels which occurred early in the evening. The men who will probably die are James Grimm, John Lubet- zoski, John Wadya, brother of the bride, and Stanley Wudasek. All of these men were frightfully cut, the lips and ears of Wadya being slashed off. Policeman John McDon- ough, who was detailed at the wed- ding, was cut on the hands and his uniform ripped to pieces. A riot call was sent in and a strong detachment of police was sent to the Baloon, where, after a severe fight, they succeeded in arresting twenty of the rioters. After being taken to the police station John Wadya attempted to kill Stanley Wudasek, who was un- conscious from loss of blood. Wadya, however, fainted . while struggling with two policemen. The bride and the bridegroom were locked up in a cell, but were later released. EMIGRATION TO SIBERIA. Unprecedented Movement Under Way in Russia. St. Petersburg, Feb. 26.—The emi- gration to Siberia this year is expect- ed to assume unprecedented propor- tlons. The colonization department of the ministry of agriculture, whose agents throughout Russia have fin- ished their preliminary investigation of the situation and are preparing to | dense smoke and copé” wIth & fush of 160,000 “Home- seekers, has elaborated, in co-epera- tion with the ministry of rallroads, detailed plans for the transportation of colonists to their new homes on spaecial trains. The bulk of the emi- grants will be forwarded between ‘| March 22 and May 28, the last train- load leaving for the East on June 28. Over 17,600,000 acres of land in all parts of Siberia have been surveyed and are in readiness for the colonists. The land has been divided into 120,000 individual allotments. ANTI-SALOON VICTORY. Court Decides Sunday Closing Law Applies to Chicago. Chicago, Feb. 26.—The anti-saloon forces won an apparently decisive vic- tory when Municipal Judge Heap ruled that the Sunday closing law ap- plies to Chicago and that juries in the saloon cases have no authority to pass on that point. In his opinion the jury is to decide merely whether a saloon- keeper kept his place open in viola- tion of the Sunday closing law. The opinion is destined to have a farreaching effect in the Sunday clos- ing crusade. Hitherto the saloonmen have admitted selling liquor on Sun- day, but have escaped conviction on the successful plea that the Sunday closing law is void in Chicago. Judge Heap ruled that counsel for the de- fense would not be permitted to pre- sent this argument to the jury in a case now pending. FIRST TIME IN MANY YEARS Venezuelan Foreign Minister Dines Diplomatio Corps. Caracas, Venezuela, Feb. 26.—Jose de Jesus Paul, the Venezuelan for- eign minister, gave a dinner in this city to the members of the diplomatic corps. The occasion was noteworthy 28 the first time in many years that the government has entertained in this manner the representatives of the powers. The dinner occasioned some com- ment because it followed closely the expulsion from Venezuela by Presi- dent Castro of the Spanish vice con- sul at Carupano, as well as eight French merchants who were engaged in business at that port. The reasons for this drastic action have not been divulged. Cremated in His Room. Red Wing, Minn., Feb. 26.—C. J. Peterson, aged sixty, who lived alone in a rear room in the third story of the Scandinavian Benevolent Society building, was burned to death in a fire which broke out in that building. When the firemen reached the scene they broke into his room through the found Peterson’s lifeless body, badly charred, on the floor. : Duke’s Evidence Given in Bed. New York, Feb. 26.—Commissioner Shields and the attorneys in the case of the government against the Amer- ican Tobacco company went to the home of James B. Duke, the presi- dent of that company, who is ill in bed, and took his evidence on certain matters regarding which he had not been examined at previous heuarings. HOW AE HAS iz b ¥ No man in recent years has been more successful in restoring human, health than L. T. Cooper. During his stay in Chicago, and while he was meeting thousands of people daily, he gave the following reason for the re- markable demand for his medicine to a reporter: Mr. Coeper said: “My New Discov- ery is successful because it corrects the stomach. My theory is that few can be sick if the digestive apparatus is working properly. It naturally fol- lows that few can be well with a poor digestion. “I know from experience that most of the tired, half-sick people that are 50 common now-a-days have half-sick stomachs. Put the stomach in shape, and nature does the rest. The result is general good health. My medicine does this. That is why fifty thousand people here in Chicago are using it who_ never heard of me until 2 month ago.” Among the fifty thousand mentioned by Mr. Cooper who used his medicine in Chicago is Mrs. Hilda Pflueger, liv- ing at 1203 Ainslie Avenue. This is the statement she makes concerning her experience with the medicine: “I have been sick for six years with MADE A SUCGESS L. T. Co;oper Tells Chicago Reportyer Why He Accomplishes So Much. stomach trouble. I was always hun- gry, but did not dare to eat much, as I had severe pains in my stomach, and also through my body. I could not sleep at night and was very restless. I was also very nervous, and would have severe headaches. I was consti- pated, and always felt bloated after eating. “I had tried many remedies, but could secure no relief, until one day I noticed in the newspapers what won- derful results Cooper’s medicines were accomplishing in Chicago. I decided to try them, and shortly after com- mencing the treatment I began to feel better. I did not have those severe pains in my stomach, and I could sleep at night; my appetite improved, and I can now eat well, I am feeling like a new woman, “I am very thankful to Mr. Cooper for what his remedies have done for me. They have restored me to good health, and I would advise any one who suffers as I did to try them.” . We sell the Cooper medicines. They are easily the most celebrated prepa- rations ever introduced in this coun- iry, growing in popularity daily. —E. N. ¥rench & Co. DENOUNGED BY OFFICIAL. Treatment of Natives by Planters in German East Africa. Berlin, Feb. 2 .—Colonial Secretary Dernburg, discussing colonial reforms before the appropriations committee of the reichstag, sald that one of the first necessities in the administration of German East Africa was the protec- tion of native labor from the cruelties and oppressions of the planters, who, in many instances, almost paralleled the slave hunting methods in vogue in the Congo Independent state. The secretary declared he was convinced from inquiries made during his recent visit to East Africa that it was im- perative to treat the natives justly and protect them from robbery and ruthless treatment at the hands of speculative planters. If the govern- 6 rupees a head, as the planters de- sired, it would mean that each native would have to spend 200 days a year at forced labor. Herr Dernburg said that the abuses of natives by traders in Southwest Africa was the ultimate cause of the recent uprising there and that if German culture was to be promoted in the German colonies the work must be begun by just treat- ment of the natives. JURORS FINED $50 EACH. a Co'n. the New York supreme court, set ment tax on natives was increased to | Decided Damage Case by the Flip of | New York, Feb. 2 '—Justice Guy, in | aside The verdict of a jury and fined twelve jurymen $50 each for deciding the verdict by the flip of a coin. The case was a suit brought against the New York City Railway company for damages in causing the death of a | child. The jury brovght in a verdict | in favor of the railway company. The | evidence in the case seemed to Jus- | tice Guy to be so much apart from the verdict that he asked the foreman of the jury how such a verdict had been arrived at. The foreman told the jus- tice that they had agreed on their finding by the toss of a coin. The Justice then said to the jurors that they had violated their oaths and committed contempt of court, imposed the fines and ordered their names stricken from the jury list. One jury- man, explaining the jury’s action, said the jury was hopelessly divided and that one of the members of the jury had $6,000 in his pecket to close a business deal and was anxious to at- tend to his business. Antony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra was riding in her barge. “It is a beautiful view from here,” she remarked in Egyptian words to that effect. “Yes,” responded Antony. care to get you a Nile seat.” ‘Whereat the rowers did laugh lustily. “I took Cabbage Leaves. “Do you think cabbage Is unwhole- gome?” asked a dyspeptle. “It depends somewhat,” answered the food expert, “on whether -you eat it or try to smoke it”—Washington Stow Pioneer Advertising Reaches the People. Advertisements printed in the Bemidji Pioneer are read by more people than if published in any other three news- papers combined printed in Beltrami county. The Pioneer has three times the circulation of any Beltrami county competitor, and contains more local, county and state news, hence our adver- tising space brings larger returns. We Court Investigation BEMIDJI PIONEER.