Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, December 3, 1907, Page 5

1 again recommend that the rights ot eitizenship be conferred upon the peo ple of Porto Rico. Mining. A bureau of mines should be created under the control and direction of the secretary of the interior, the bureau to have power to collect statistics and make investigations in all matters per- taining to wining, and particularly to the accidents and dangers of the In- dustry. If this cannot now be done at least additional appropriations should be given the interior department to be used for the study of mining condi- tions, for the preveution of fraudulent mining schemes, for carrying on the work of mapping the mining distric for study methods of minimizing lents and dangers in the in- in short, to aid in all proper the development of the mining industry. The Hermitage. recommend to the con- de funds for keeping up 1 strongt gress to The Herm Jackson, thes funds to be through the existing Hermitage ass ciation for the presgrvation of a his- tori¢ building whiufi should ever be dear to Americans. Vicksburg National Park. I further recommend that a n: monument he established in the V burg Nati 1 pavk. This national park gives unique opportunity for commemorating the deeds of those gnl- lant men who fought on water no less than of those who fought on land in the great civil war. The Thirteenth Census. Legislation should be enacted at the present session of the coungress for the thirteenth census. The establishment of the permanent census bureau af- fords the opportunity for a better cen- sus than we have ever had, but in or- der to realize the’full advantage of the | permanent organization ample time must be given for preparation. The Public Health. There is a constantly growing inter- est in this country in the question of | the public health. At last the public mind is awake to the fact that many diseases, notably tuberculosis, are na- tional scourges. The work of the state and clty boards of health should be supplemented by a constantly increas- ing interest on the part of the national government. The congress has already provided a bureau of public health and has provided for a hygienic laboratory. There are other valuable laws relating to the public health connected with the various departments. This whole branch of the government should be strengthened and aided in every way. Governmental Commissions. I call attention to two government commissions which 1 have appointed and which have already done excellent The f of these has to do ization of the scientific work of the government, which has grown up wholly without plan and is in consequence so unwisely distributed among the executive departments that much of its effect is lost for the lack of proper co-ordination. This commis- sion’s chief object is to introduce a planned and orderly development and operation in the place of the ill assort-! cn ineffective grouping and/ ¢ gur forests could exist without them. ed and of methods of work which have prevail- ed. This cannot be done without leg- islation, nor would it be feasible to deal in detail with so complex an ad- ministrative problem by specific pro- visions of law. I recommend that the president le en authority to concen- trate related lines of work and reduce duplication by executive order through transfer and consolidation of lines of work. The seconl committee, that on gde- partment methods, was instructed to in- vestigate aud report upon the changes | needed to place the conduct of the ex- ecutive force of the government on the most economical and effective ba- 8is in the light of the best modern business practice. The committee has made very satisfactory progress. An- tiqguated practices and bureaucratic ways have been abolished, and a gen- eral renovation of departmental meth- ods has becn inaugurated. All' that can be done by executive order has al- ready been accomplished or will be put into effect in the near future. The work of the main committee and its several assistant committees has pro- duced a wholesome awakening on the part of the great body of officers and employees engaged In government work. In nearly every department and office there has been a careful self in- spection for the purpose of remedying any defects before they could be made the subject of adverse criticism. This has led individuals to a wider study of the work on which they were en- gaged, and this study has resulted in increasing their efficiency in their re- spective lines of work. ‘There are rec- ommendations of special importance from the committee on the subject of personnel and the classification of sal- nries which will require legislative ae- 1lon Eefore they can be put inio ef- fect. the congr clal m in the near future a spe on those subjects, 2 Corporations Should Not Centribute ard Gifts Should Be Published. Under our form of government vol- ing is not merely a right, but a duty, and, moreover, a fundamental and nec- essary duty if a man is to Le a good eitizen. It ig well to provide that cor- porations shall not contribute to presi- dential or national campaigns and fur- thermore to provide for the publication of both contributions and expenditures There is, however, always danger in laws of this kind, which from thelr very nature are difficult of enforce- ment, the danger being lest they Le e, the home of Andrew | It is my intention to submit to | obeyed only by the honest and disobey- ed by the uunscrupulous, so as to act only as a penalty upon honest men. Moreover, no such law would hampes an unsctupulous man of unlimited means from buying his own way into oftice. There is a very radical meas- ure which would, I believe, work a substantial fmprovement in our sys- tem of conducting a campaign, al- though I am well aware that it will take some time for people so to famil- farize themselves with such a proposal as to be willing to consider its adop- tion. The need. for collecting large campaign funds would vanish if con- gress provided an appropriation the proper and legitimate expenses of each of the great national parties, an appropriation ample enough to meet the necessity for thorough organiza- tion and machinery, which requires a large expenditure of money. Then the stipulation should be made that no party receiving campaign funds from the t asury should accept more than individual ced amount from any ber or donor, and the necessary » receipts and expenditures culty be provided. A Nzationai Gallery of Art. There should be a national gallery of art established in the Capital City of this country. This is important not merely to the artistic, but to the ma- terial, welfare of the country, and the people are to be congratulated on the fact that the movement to establish such a gallery is taking definite form under the guidance of the Smithsonian institution. So far from there being a tarift on works of art brought.into the country, their importation should be encouraged in every way. There have been no sufiicient collections of objects of art by the government, 'and what collections have been acquired are scattered and are generally placed in unsuitable and imperfectly lighted galleries. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. Its Great Work In Behali of Our Agri- cultural Interests. The biological survey is quietly working for the good of our agricul- tural interests and is an excellent ex- ample of a government bureau which conducts original sclentific research the findings of which are of much practical utility. For more than twen- ty years it has studied the food habits of birds and mammals that are inju- rious or beneficial to agriculture, hor- ticulture and forestry, has distributed illustrated bulletins on the subject and has labored to secure legislative pro- tection for the beneficial species. The cotton boll weevil, which has recently overspread the cotton belt of Texas and is steadily extending its range, is said to cause an annual loss of about { $3,000,000. The biological survey has ascertained and given wide publicity to the fact that at least forty-three kinds of birds prey upon this destruc- tive insect. It has discovered that fif- ty-seven species of Dbirds feed upon scale insects, dreaded enemies of the fruit grower. It has shown that wood- peckers as a class by destroying the ! larvae of wood boring insects are so essential to tree life that it is doubtful It has shown that cuckoos and orioles are the natural enemies of the leaf eating caterpillars that destroy our shade and fruit trees; that our quails and sparrows consume annually hun- dreds of tons of seeds of noxious weeds: that hawks and owls as a class (excepting the few that kill poultry and game birds) are markedly benefi- clal, spending their lives in catching grasshoppers, mice and other pests that prey upon the products of hus- bandry. It has conducted field experl- ments for the purpose of devising and perfecting simple methods for holding in check the hordes of destructive ro- dents—rats, mice, rabbits, gophers, prairie dogs and ground -squirrels— which annually destroy crops worth many millions of dollars, and it has published practical directions for the destruction of wolves and coyotes on the stock ranges of the west, resulting during the past year in an estimated saving. of cattle and sheep valued at upward of a million dollars. It has inaugurated a system of in- spection at the principal ports of en- try on both Atlantic and Pacific coasts by means of which the introduction of noxious mammsls and birds Is pre- vented, thus keeping out the mongoose and certain birds which are as much to be dreaded as the previously intro- duced Eunglish sparrow and the house rats and mice. In the interest of game protection it has co-operated with local officials in every state in the Union, has. striven to x'oiuofg uniform legislation in the several states, has rendered lmportant service in enforcing the federal law regulating interstate trafic In game and has shown how game protection may be made to yicld a large revenue to the state, a revenue amounting in the case of Illinois to $128,000 in a gingle year, The biological survey has explored | the faunas and floras of Ameriea with 12ference to the distribution of ani- mals and plants. It has defined and mapped the natural life areas—areas | In which, by reason of prevwiling cli- matic conditions, certain kinds of ani- mals and plants occur—and has point- ed out the adaptability of these areas o the cultivation of particular crops. The results of these Investigationy are not only of high educational value, but are worth each year to the progressive farmers of the country many times the cost of maintaining the survey, which, it may be added, is exceedingly small. I recommend to congress that this bu- reau, whose usefulness is seriously handicapped by lack of funds, be granted an appropriation in some de- gree commensurate with the impor- tance of the work it is doing. for| I call your especlal attention to the unsatisfactory condition of our foreign mail service, which because of the lack of American steamship lines is now largely done through foreign lines and which; particularly so far as South and Central America are concerned, is done in a manner which constitutes a serious barrier to the extension” of our commierce. The time has come. in my judgment. 1o set to work seriously mike cur ocean mnil service cor ond more closely with our recent cominereinl and political develepment. A begiuning was made by ihe ccenn mall act of March 3. 1801, but even at that time 1 to he du quate in 1 Since that time have moved rapidly in ouvr his- we acquired IHawalil, the s and les: islands in the Pacific We are s ¢ prosecuting the great work of unitin mus (he waters of the < wific. To a -greater e seemed probable even a dozen years ago we may look to an American fu- ture on the sea worthy of the tradi- tions of our past. As the first step in that direction and the step most feasi- ble at the present time I.recommend the extension of the ocean mail act of 1891. That act has stood for some years free from successful criticism of its principle and purpose. It was based on theories of the obligations of a great maritime nation, undisputed in our own land and followed by other nations since the beginning of steam navigation. Briefly those theories are that it is the duty of a first class pow- er so far os practicable to carry its ocean mails under its own flag; that the fast ocean steamships and their crews, required'for such mail service, are invaluable auxiliaries to the sea power of a nation. Furthermore. the construction of such steamships in- sures the maintenance in an efficient condition of the shipyards in which our battleships must be built. The expenditure of public money for the performance of such necessary functions of government is certainly warranted, nor is it necessary to dwell upon the incidental benefits to our for- eign commerce, to the shipping indus- try and shipowning and navigation which will accompany the discharge of these urgent public duties, though they. too, should have weight. The only serious question is whether at this time we can afford to improve our ocean mail service as it should be improved. All doubt on this subject is removed by the reports of the post- office department. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, that department the act estimates that the postage collected on® the articles exchanged with foreign countries other than Canada and Mex- ico amounted to $6,579,043.48, or $3,637,- 226.81 more than the net cost of the service exclusive of the cost of trans- porting the articles between the United States exchange postofices and the United States postoffices at which they were mailed or delivered. In other words, the government of the United States, having assumed a monopoly of carrying the mails for the people, is making a profit of over $3.600,000 by rendering a cheap and inefficient serv- ice. That profit T believe should be de- voted to strengthening our maritime power in those directions where it will best promote our prestige. The coun- try is familiar with the facts of our maritime impotence in the harbors of the great and friendly republics of South America. Following the failure of the shipbuilding bill we lost our only American line of steamers to Aus- tralasia, and that loss on the Pacific has become a serious embarrassment to the people of Hawaii and has whol- ly cut off the Samoan -slands from regular. communication with the ‘Pa¥ cific coast. Puget sound in the year has lost over half (four out of seven) of its American steamers trading with the orient. b ‘We now pay. under the act of 1891, $4 a statute mile outward to 20 knot American mail steamships built accord- ing to naval plans, available as cruis- ers and manned by Americans. Steam- | ships of that speed are confined ex- clusively to transatlantic trade with New York. To steamships of 16 knots or over only $2 a mile can be paid, and it is steamships of this speed and type which are necded to meet the require- ments of wail service to South Amer- ica, Asia (including the Philippines) and Australia. I strongly recommend. therefore, a simple amendment to the ocean mail act of 1891 which shall authorize the postmaster general in his discretion to enter into contracts for ! the transportation of malils to the re- publics of South America, to Asla, the Philippines and Australia at a rate not to exceed $4 a mile for steamships of 16 knots speed or upward, subject to the restrictions and obligations of the act of 1891. The profit of $3,600,000 which has been mentioned will fully cover the maximum annual expendi- {ure involved in this recommendation and, it is believed, will in time establish the lines so urgently needed. The proposition involves no new principle, but permits the efficient discharge of public functions now inadequately per- formed or not performed at all. Not only there is not now, but there never has been, any other nation in the world so wholly free from the evils of militarism as is ours. There never has been any other large nation, not even China, whi¢h for so long a period has had relatively to its numbers so small a regular army as has ours. Never at any time in our history ‘has this na- tion suffered from militarism or been In the remotest danger of suffering from militarism. Never at any time of our history has the regular army been of a size which caused the slightest appreciable tax upon the taxpaying citizens of the nation. Almost always it has been too small in size and un- derpaid. Never in our entire history bas the nation suffered in the least par- ticular because too much care has been at the isth- ]| glven to the army, too much promi- nence given it, too much money spent upon it or because it has been too large. But again and again we have suffered because enough care has not been given to it, because it has been too small, because there has not been sufficient preparation in advance for possible war. Every foreign war in which we have engaged has cost us many times the amount which, if wise- 1y expended during the preceding years of peace on the regular army, would have insured the war ending in but a fraction of the time and but for a frac- tion of the cost that was actually the case. As a nation we have always been shortsighted in providing for the efficiency of the army in time of peace. It is nobody’s especial interest to make such provision, and no one looks ahead to war at any period, no matter how remote, as being a serious possibility, while an improper economy, or, rath- er, niggardliness, can be practiced at the expense of the army with the cer- tainty that those practicing it will not be called to account therefdr, but that the price: will be paid by the unfortu- nate persons who happen to be in of- fice when a war does actually come. THE_ARNY. No Ground For Demagogic Declamation Against Militarism. 1 think It is only lack of foresight that troubles us, not any hostility to the army. There are, of course, fool- ish people who denounce any care of the army or navy as “militarism,” but 1 do not think that these people are numerous. This country has to con- tend now and has had to contend in the past with many evils, and there is ample scope for all who would work for reform. But there is not one evil that now exists or that ever has exist- ed in this country which is or ever has been owing in the smallest part to militarism. Declamation against militarism has no more serious place in an earnest and intelligent move- ment for righteousness in this country than declamation against the worship of Baal or Astaroth. It is declama- tion against a nonexistent evil, one which never has existed in this coun- try and which has not the slightest chance of appearing here. We are glad to help in any movement for in- .ternational peace, but this is because we sincerely believe that it is our duty to help all such movements, provided they are sane and rational, and not be- cause there is any tendency toward militarism on our part which needs to be cured.. The evils we have to fight are those in connection with in- dustrialism, not militarism. Industry is always necessary, just as war is sometimes necessary. KEach has its price, and industry in the United States now exacts and has always ex- acted a far heavier toll of death than! all our wars put together. The statis- tics of the rauroads of this country for the year ended June 30, 190G. the last contained in the annual. statistical report of the interstate commerce com- mission, show in that one year a total of 108324 casualties to persons, of which 10.618 represent the numler of persons killed. In that wonderful hive | of human activity. Dittsburg. b | deaths due to industrial accidents in 1906 were 519, all the result of acci- dents in mills. mines or on railroads. For the entire country. therefore, i* safe to say t the deaths due & dustrial accidents 3 ate & neighborhood of 20.000 a year. = Saw! a record makes' the death rate ia al our foreign wars utterly trivial' Dy | comparison. The number of deaths in battle in all. the foreizn wars pit to gether for the last century and a « ter aggregate considerably less t one year’s death record for our trles. A mere glance at these is sufficient to show the absu the outery against fem. But again ¢ ain in the past our little regular my has rendered serv | ice literally vital to the country. ang it may at any ti future, instruction in the past. bt it is too small are not. enorgh ofiic possible {o secrre encugh et We should 1 great and -long continued w have to be fo body of efficieat volunte: put in the fiell. and our regu enough to to -perfor gently requi: of war The medieal corps should be larger than the needs of ? army in war. Yet at presen smallor than the needs of the demand cven in peace. The war occurad less than ten ye: The chief los we suf by disease among the : never left the count:y ment the ion scented Ceeply f:upress- ed by this fact, yet seemingly it has already bean forgotten. for no* the. slightest efort has bLeen made to pre. | cal covps of sufficient nt the repetition of the same disaster ¢n a much larger scale it we should ever be eagiged. in a se: conflict. The trouble in the S war was not with the then existing officials of the war department: it was with the representatives of the people as a whole who for the preceding thir- ty years had declined to make the ! necessary provision for the army. Un- less ample provision is now made by congress to put the medical corps where it should be put disaster in the next war is inevitable, and the respon- sibility will not lie wijth those then in ments which | At the mo-| ! nel. charge of the war department, buti with those who now decline to make the necessary provision, A well or- ganized medical corps, thoroughly trained hefore the advent of war in all the important administrative duties of a military sanitary corps, is essen- tial to the efficiency of any large army, and especially of a large volunteer army. Such knowledge of medicine and surgery as is possessed by the medical profession generally will not alone suffice to make an efficient mili- tary surgeon. He must have, in addi- tion, knowledge of the administration and sanitation of large field hospitals and “camps in order to safeguard the health and lives of men intrusted in great numbers to his care. A bill has long been pending before the congress for the reorganization of the medical corps. Its passage is urgently needed. But the medical department is not the only department for which increas- ed provision should be made. The rate of pay for the officers should be great- 1y increased. There is no higher type of citizen than the American regular officer, and he should have a fair ré- ward for his admirable work. There should be a relatively even greater in- crease in the pay for the enlisted men. In especial provision should be made for establishing grades equivalent to those of warrant officers i the navy which should be open to the enlisted men who serve sufficiently long and who do their work well. Inducements should be offered sufficient to encour- age really good men to make the army a life occupation. The prime need of our present army is to secure and re- tain competent noncommissioned offi- cers. This difficulty rests fundamental- ly on the question of pay. The non- commissioned officer does not corre- spond with an unskilled laborer. He corresponds to the best type of skilled workman or to the snbordinate official in civil institutions. Wages have great- ly increased in outside occupations in the last forty years, and the pay of the soldier, like the pay of the officers, should be proportionately increased. The first sergeant of a company, if a good man, must be one of such execu- tive and administrative ability and such knowledge of his trade as to be worth far more than we at present pay him. The same is true of the regimen- tal sergeant major. These men should be men who had fully resolved to make the army a life occupation, and they should be able to look forward to ample reward, while only men proper- ly qualified should be given a chance to secure these final rewards. The in- crease over the present pay need not be great in the lower grades for the first one or two enlistments, but the increase should be marked for the non- commissioned officers of the upper grades who serve long enough to make it evident that they intend to stay per- manently in the army, while additional pay should be given for high qualifica- tions in target practice. The position of warrant officer should be establish- ed, and there should be not-only an in- crease of pay. but an increase of privi- leges and allowances and dignity, so as to make the grade open to noncom- missioned ofFicers capable of filiing them desirably from every standpoint. The rate of dosertion in our army now in time of pexce is alarming.’ The de- serter should be treated by public opin- fon as a man gnilty of the greatest crime, while, on the other hand. the man who serves steadily in the army should be treated as what he is—that 1s, as pre-eminently one of the best cit- izens of this vepublic. After twelve years' ‘service in the army my own be- lief is that the man should be given a preference according to his ability for certain types of office over all civilian applicants without examination. This should also apply, of course. to the men who have served twelve years in | the navy. A special corps should be provided to do the manual labor now necessarily demanded of the privates themselves. PROKOTION IN ARMY. Above the Rask of Major It Should Be by Selection. Among the officers there should be‘ i severe examinations to weed out the i unfit up to the grade of major. From that position on appointments shou!d be solely by selection, and it should Le understood that a man of merely aver- | age capacity could never get beyond the position of major, while every man who serves .in any grade a certain ! length of time prior to promotion to | the next grade without getting the pro- | motion to the next grade should b forthwith retired. The practice marches and field maneuvers of the last two or three years have been invaluable to the | army. They should be continued and | extended. A rigid and not a perfunc- . tory examination of physical capacity has been provided for the higher grade ! officers. This will work weil. Unless an officer has a good physique, unléss he can stand hardship. ride well and walk fairly, he is not fit for any posi- tion even after he has become a colo- Before he has become a colonel the need for physical fitness in the of- ficer is almost as great as in the en- listed man. I hope speedily to see in- troduced into the army a far more rigid and thoroughgoing test of horseman- ship for all field oXcers than at pres- ent. There should be a chief of cav- alry just as there is a chief of artillery. | Perhaps the most important of all legislation needed for the benefit of the army is a law to equalize and increase the pay of officers and enlisted men of the army, navy, marine corps and reve- nue cutter service. Such a bill hasl been prepared, which it is hoped will meet with your favorable considera- tlon. The next most essential measure is to authorize a number of extra of- ficers as mentioned above. To make | the army more attractive to enlisted men it 1s absolutely essential to create | a service co steh as exists In near- | 1y easy. n ly every modern army in the world, to do the skilled and unskilled labor in- separably connected with military ad- ministration, which is now exacted without just compeneation, of enlisted men who voluntarily entered the army to do service of an altogether different kind. There are a number of other laws necessary to so organize the army as to promote its efficiency and facili- tate its.rapid expapsion in time of war, but the above are the most im- portant. LARGER NAVY NEEDED. Appropriation For Four New Battleships Strongly Recommended. It was hoped The Hague conference might deal with the qguestion of the limitation of armaments, but even be- fore it had assembled informal in- quiries had developed that as regards naval armaments, the only ones in which this country had any interest, it was hopeless to try to devise any plan for which there was the slightest pos- sibility of seturing the assent of the nations gathered at The Hague. No plan was even proposed which would have had the assent of more than one first class power outside of the United States. The only plan that seemed at all feasible, that of limiting the size of battleships, met with no favor at all. It is evident, therefore, that it is folly for this nation to base any hope agreement as to the limitation of arma- ments. Such being the fact, it would be most unwise for us to stop the up- building of our navy. To build one battleship of the best and most ad- vanced type a year would barely keep our fleet up to its present force. This is not enough. In my judgment, we should this year provide for four bat- tleships. But it is idle to build battle- ships unless in addition to providing the men and the means for thorough training we provide the auxiliaries for them, unless we -provide docks, the coaling stations, the'colliers and supply ships that they need. We are extreme- ly deficient in coaling stations and docks on the Pacific, and this deficien- ¢y should not longer be permitted to exist. Plenty of torpedo boats and de- stroyers should be built. Both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts fortifica- tions of the best type should be pro- vided for all our greatest harbors. We need always to remember that in time of war the navy is not to be used to defend harbors and seacoast cities. We should perfect our system of coast fortifications. The only efi- cient use for the navy is for ofeuse. The only way in which it can efiicient- Iy protect our own coast aguninst the possible action of a foreign navy is by ing that foreign navy. For de- fense againet a hostile fleet which ac- tually atts them the coast cities must dep: upon their forts, mines, torpedoes, s and torpede boats and de: ent for defensive pur- poses, but they in no way supply the place of a thoroughly efficient navy capable of acting on the offensive, for parrying never yet won a fight. It cam only be won by hard hitting, and an: this hard hitting of the offensive trpe. But the forts and the like are neces- sary, so that the navy may be foot loose. In time of war there is sure to be demand under pressure of fright for the ships to be scattered so as to de- fend all kind of ports. Under penalty of terrible disaster this demand must be refused. The ships must be kept together and their objective made the enemy’s fleet. If fortifications are suf- ficiently strong no modern navy will venture to attack them so long as the foe has in existence a hostile navy of anything like the same size or efiicien~ cy. But unless there exists such a navy then the fortifications are power- less by themselves to secure the vie- tory, for of course the mere deficiency means that any resolute enemy can at his leisure combine all his forces upon one point with the certainty that he can take it. Tatil our battle fleet is much larger than at present it should never be split into detachments so far apart that they could not in event of emergency be speedily united. Our coast line is on the Pacific just as much as on the At- lantic. The interests of California, Oregon and Washington are as em- phatically the interests of the whole Union as those of Maine and New York. of Louisiana and Texas. The battle feet should now and then be moved to the Pacific, just as at other times it shonld be kept in the Atlantic. When the isthmian canal is built the transit of ihe battle fleet from one ocean to t *ill be comparative- 1 it is built T earnestly hope thot the battle fieet will be thus tween the two oceans every. year or two. The marksmanship on skips has improved phenome- rally during the last five years. Until within the last two or three years it was not possible to train a battle fleet in squadron maneuvers under service conditions, and it is oanly during these last two or three years that the train- Ing under these conditions has become really effective. Another and most necessatry strice in advance is now be- ing taken. The battle fleet is about startlng by the strait of Magellan to visit the Pacific coast. Sixteen bat- tleships are going under the command of Rear Admiral Evans, while eight armored cruisers and two other battla- ships will meet him at San Franecisco, whither certain torpedo destroyers are also going. No fleet of such size has ever made such a voyage, and it wilk be of very great educational use to all engaged in it. The only way by: which to teach officers and men how: to handle the fleet 5o as to meet every, possible strain and emergency in time! of war is to have them practice under: similar conditions in time of peace. Moreover, the ouly way to find out our! ‘ of securing peace on any international. All of these to-' aggressive seagoing navy alone can do- ¥