Önemli Olaylar

1933: A Year of Transformation

1933 was a pivotal year, marked by profound political, economic, social, and technological changes around the globe. The lingering effects of the Great Depression fueled political extremism and global instability, while significant scientific and technological advancements offered glimpses of a brighter future.

Political Events

  • January 30: Adolf Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany: This marked a turning point in German history and set the stage for World War II. The appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor consolidated Nazi power and initiated a period of intense political repression and expansionist foreign policy.
  • February 27: Reichstag Fire: The Reichstag building in Berlin was set ablaze. The Nazis blamed communists, using the incident to justify a crackdown on political opponents and consolidate their power further. This event further eroded democratic principles in Germany.
  • March 4: Franklin D. Roosevelt Inaugurated as President of the United States: Following a landslide victory, Franklin D. Roosevelt assumed the presidency during the depths of the Great Depression. His inaugural address, with the famous line "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," instilled hope in a nation gripped by economic despair.
  • March 23: Enabling Act Passed in Germany: The Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, effectively granting Hitler dictatorial powers. This law allowed the Nazi government to pass laws without the involvement of the Reichstag, effectively dismantling the remaining vestiges of the Weimar Republic.
  • March-June: Hundred Days of Franklin D. Roosevelt: A flurry of legislative activity initiated by President Roosevelt aimed to combat the Great Depression. Key initiatives included the Emergency Banking Act, the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). This was the start of the New Deal.
  • March 31: Germany Begins Boycott of Jewish Businesses: This marked a significant escalation in the persecution of Jews in Germany. The boycott aimed to isolate Jewish businesses and professionals from the wider German economy and society.
  • November 16: The United States Recognizes the Soviet Union: After years of non-recognition, the United States formally recognized the Soviet Union, opening diplomatic channels between the two nations. This decision was influenced by a desire to expand trade and potentially contain Japanese expansion in Asia.

Scientific and Technological Events

  • March 9: Launch of the First Controlled Radio Communication from Space: The German Post Office (Deutsche Reichspost) successfully launched and tracked a series of small rockets with built-in radio transmitters, pioneering radio communication from space.
  • April 3: Discovery of Vitamin K: Henrik Dam of Copenhagen, Denmark, published his discovery of vitamin K, an essential nutrient involved in blood clotting.
  • October 22: Clyde Tombaugh discovers asteroid 3313 Mendel: Clyde Tombaugh, who previously discovered Pluto, discovered the asteroid 3313 Mendel, a main-belt asteroid.

Cultural Events

  • January 3: Prohibition Repealed (in some states): Several states began ratifying the 21st Amendment, initiating the process of repealing Prohibition in the United States. Utah was the 36th state to ratify in December of 1933, making the amendment law.
  • April 7: Beer Legalized in the United States: The Cullen–Harrison Act went into effect, legalizing the sale of beer with an alcohol content of 3.2% (by weight). This marked an early step towards the full repeal of Prohibition.
  • April 10: Gold Diggers of 1933 Released: This Warner Bros. musical film, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, reflected the social and economic anxieties of the era while providing escapist entertainment.
  • December 5: Twenty-first Amendment Ratified, Repealing Prohibition in the United States: The nationwide ban on alcoholic beverages officially ended with the ratification of the 21st Amendment.

Other Notable Events

  • The Great Depression continued to affect economies worldwide. The crisis triggered widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.
  • Dust Bowl Intensifies in the United States: Severe drought and unsustainable agricultural practices led to devastating dust storms in the Great Plains, displacing many farmers and exacerbating the economic hardship.

1933 stands as a year of significant upheaval and transformation, laying the groundwork for both the challenges and opportunities that would define the remainder of the 20th century. The rise of authoritarianism in Europe and the desperate struggle to overcome economic hardship in the United States shaped the global landscape for decades to come.

All Days in 1933

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