Önemli Olaylar

1858

The year 1858 saw significant developments across the globe, spanning political upheavals, scientific breakthroughs, cultural milestones, and technological advancements. Notably, events in the United States were increasingly dominated by the escalating tensions over slavery.

Political Events

  • January 25: "Wedding March" Played at Royal Wedding: The United Kingdom celebrates the wedding of Princess Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria, to Prince Frederick William of Prussia. This event popularizes Felix Mendelssohn's "Wedding March".
  • February 11: Bernadette Soubirous' First Apparition at Lourdes: Bernadette Soubirous, a 14-year-old French peasant girl, reported the first of a series of apparitions of the Virgin Mary at Lourdes, France, which will lead to the site becoming a major pilgrimage destination.
  • May 11: Minnesota Admitted to the Union: Minnesota becomes the 32nd state of the United States. The addition of Minnesota reflects westward expansion and continues the contentious debate over the balance of free and slave states.
  • July 29: Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan: Signed in Edo (modern-day Tokyo), the treaty further opens Japan to American trade, granting Americans extraterritoriality.
  • August 5: First Transatlantic Telegraph Cable is Completed: After several failed attempts, the first transatlantic telegraph cable is completed, allowing near-instantaneous communication between Europe and North America. Although the cable fails after a few weeks of use, it signals a major technological breakthrough.
  • August 16: Queen Victoria Sends the First Official Transatlantic Telegram: Queen Victoria sends a telegram to United States President James Buchanan via the transatlantic cable.
  • September 15 - October 15: Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas engage in a series of seven debates during their campaign for the U.S. Senate seat representing Illinois. These debates, focused heavily on the issue of slavery and popular sovereignty, gain national attention and catapult Lincoln into the national spotlight, despite him ultimately losing the election to Douglas. The debates deeply influence the political climate in the lead-up to the American Civil War.
  • September 1: End of Company Rule in India: The Government of India Act 1858 is passed by the United Kingdom's Parliament in response to the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It transfers the administration of India from the East India Company to the British Crown, establishing direct British rule in India.

Scientific Events

  • 1858: Rudolf Virchow's "Cellular Pathology" Published: Rudolf Virchow publishes Cellular Pathology, which revolutionized medical science by asserting that all diseases originate in cells. This represents a fundamental shift in understanding disease processes.
  • 1858: Pasteur's Fermentation Research: Louis Pasteur demonstrates that fermentation is caused by microorganisms, a crucial discovery that has significant implications for the food and beverage industry, as well as contributing to the germ theory of disease.

Cultural Events

  • September 26: Construction of the Krotona Point Nature Center: It is a historic building on the Hudson River in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.

Technological Events

  • August 5: Completion of the First Transatlantic Telegraph Cable: Although it ultimately fails soon after, the completion of the first transatlantic telegraph cable is a significant technological achievement, enabling rapid communication across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
  • Continuous Roll Printing Press Demonstrated: William Bullock invents the rotary printing press that automatically feeds continuous rolls of paper, revolutionizing the printing industry and leading to mass production of newspapers and books.

Events Relevant to the United States

  • Political Polarization over Slavery: The year is marked by heightened political tensions over slavery. The Dred Scott decision of the previous year continues to fuel the debate, and the events in "Bleeding Kansas" are still fresh in the national consciousness.
  • Lincoln-Douglas Debates: As described above, these debates are a pivotal event in American political history, highlighting the stark divisions over the issue of slavery and shaping the national political landscape.
  • Minnesota Statehood: The admission of Minnesota impacts the political balance between free and slave states, contributing to the ongoing sectional conflict.
  • Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Japan: Strengthens American influence in the Pacific and opens up new trade opportunities.

All Days in 1858

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